KaNapoleon Ikhodi: umlando okungumsu

I Civil Code yokutholwa eFrance ngo-1804 futhi yaqanjwa Ikhodi uNapoleon, ke ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu izenzo zomthetho e emlandweni wesintu. Lokhu kungenxa nje kuphela igama kombusi ziyaphawuleka, yena ngokwakhe wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ukudalwa le dokhumenti, kodwa futhi ukuba benethonya elikhulu waba kuwo wonke European komthetho we-civil.

Ngemva izenzakalo French Revolution zonke lomthetho futhi zokulawula kuleli zwe uthathé ifomu kunalokho usithe: lapha zithandelana wamavukelambuso kwezinkambiso entsha abaselona yobudala yayo imithetho emidala wasebukhosini. Kulokhu, ngoba iningi labantu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uvikele ngokomthetho izinzuzo eziyisisekelo inguquko futhi kuvimbele ukuthambekela kokubuyela oludala. Kuyinto le nselele futhi ihlose ukuxazulula kwaba kaNapoleon Ikhodi.

Inhloso yale dokhumenti wavuthwa ku umbusi esizayo isikhathi eside. Wayazi ukuthi kwaba ngosizo yokubhalisa umthetho amalungelo civil lasisekelo labantu France , wayengase usimamise isimo emphakathini, emandla ekuchubeka ukuthuthukiswa wayo. A umsebenzi okhethekile lamiswa ekubhaleni, iqhaza lapho wathatha inxusa Okokuqala Napoleon Bonaparte. Imithombo eyinhloko kulungiselelwa lokhu isikhundla Ikhodi babe yomthetho waseRoma yangasese futhi Simemetelo Samalungelo Man. Ngo-March 1804, the Civil Code lwemukelwa futhi sacala kusebenta.

Ikhodi Napoleon e 1804 kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ingxenye yokuqala ibizwa enikelwe izikhungo ezifana umshado, esitokisini, isehlukaniso, zokutholwa. Sezimiso ezibaluleke kakhulu kulesi sigaba kukhona ukulingana yezakhamuzi phambi komthetho futhi kufanele bangasephula amalungelo endawo.

Lokho nezindaba impahla babe isikhubekiso phakathi abanikazi ubudala futhi abanikazi ezintsha. Ikhodi Napoleon unomphela ukuxazulula le nkinga, esikisela inadmissibility ka lokwabiwa kabusha ngempoqo umhlaba kanye nezinye izikhungo impahla yokukhululwa.
Ubunikazi futhi uyaqhubeka ukuqonda ingxenye yesibili. Lapha, lisho ngokuqondile ukuthi nokuchitha impahla yayo ngeke balimaza abanye futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, akekho ongasisebenzisa ukuphoqelelwa ukuba ukulahla impahla yabo. Isimo ngaleyo ndlela kufanele indima arbiter ngempahla phakathi kwezakhamizi.

Ngokwengxenye yayo wesithathu Ikhodi kaNapoleon osebenza ku sokusebenzelana ezivela ubunikazi. Okokuqala, kulesi sigaba thina uhlukanise ukuthengiselana, phakathi okuyinto ivelele inkontileka ilifa ukudayiswa kanye lomnikelo. Okwesibili, anqume imibandela izivumelwano ubudlelwane okuhlaselayo, ebaluleke kunazo zonke okungase kubhekwe ukulingana yokuzithandela futhi esemthethweni amaqembu.

I Civil Code of 1804 kwaba ikhodi kuqala kwemithetho eFrance lonke izwe okufanayo. Ngemva kwalokho, wanwetshelwa zonke amakoloni isiFulentshi, futhi kamuva yamukelwa emazweni amaningi abantu baseYurophu abathuthela kule American.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi Civil Code, omunye umsebenzi lo mbusi ezidumile sika zomthetho akugcini. Ngokulinganayo atholwe udumo Criminal Ikhodi uNapoleon, esenziwa ngo-1810 futhi inikeza isisekelo esingokomthetho kushushiswa izigebengu.