Joule - Lenz

Emiliy Hristianovich Lents (1804 - 1865) - Russian physics esidumile. Ungomunye abasunguli Electromechanics. Igama lakhe lihlotshaniswa umthetho ukuvulwa belinganisa isiqondiso wamanje eyenga, futhi umthetho ngokuchaza emkhakheni kagesi e umqhubi zamanje esithwele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Emiliy Lents futhi physics IsiZulu Joule ukutadisha Ucwaningo ezishisayo isinyathelo wamanje, ngokwahlukana yilowo nalowo ngendlela umthetho wavula owawuthi inani ukushisa ekhiqizwa e umqhubi ngokuqondile wakhona skwele kagesi egeleza ngokusebenzisa umqhubi, ukumelana layo kanye nesikhathi phakathi nalapho kagesi inakekelwa ezingaguquliwe umqhubi.

Lo mthetho ubizwa ngokuthi i-Joule - Lenz, indlela yakhe sivezwe kanje:

Q = kl²Rt, (1)

lapho Q - nenani ukushisa yakhululwa, l - zamanje, R - ukumelana umqhubi, t - isikhathi; ukubaluleka k ibizwa okulingana ezishisayo lomsebenzi. Inani kwamanani lesi silinganiso incike kukhethwa amayunithi lapho izilinganiso zenziwa eziguquguqukayo ezisele ifomula.

Uma inani ukushisa kukalwa kilojoule, lamanje e amperes, ukumelana in ohms, nesikhathi ngemizuzwana ke k kuyinto anda elilingana 0.24. Lokhu kusho ukuthi samanje umqhubi 1a ukhetha elinendawo ukumelana 1 Ohm ngomzuzwana, inani ukushisa okuyinto ilingana 0.24 kcal. Ngakho, inani ukushisa kilojoule yakhululwa ngo umqhubi ingabalwa by ifomula:

Q = 0,24l²Rt.

I SI samandla, inani ukushisa kanye nomsebenzi kukhona amayunithi elinganisiwe - Joules. Ngakho-ke, isici proportionality emthethweni Joule - Lenz ubunye. Kulesi simiso, Joule ifomula - Lenz kuyinto:

Q = l²Rt. (2)

Umthetho Joule sika - Lenz angaqinisekiswa. Ngu wire Kuvunguza, egxilile ketshezi batheleka Calorimeter, zamanje sidlulile isikhathi esithile. Khona-ke imali ebalwe ukushisa zakhishwa Calorimeter. Ukumelana Kuvunguza is kusengaphambili eyaziwa, lamanje kukalwa i ammeter, nesikhathi isitophuwashi. Ngu obuhlukahlukene wamanje yesifunda nokusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene Kuvunguza, ungabheka Joule - Lenz.

Ngesisekelo umthetho Ohm sika

I = U / R,

Uma kufakwa ukubaluleka samanje ifomula (2), sithola indlela entsha le formula umthetho Joule - Lenz:

Q = (U² / R) t.

Formula Q = l²Rt elula ukusebenzisa lapho kubalwa inani ukushisa sasikhipha e uxhumano chungechunge, ngoba kulesi simo kagesi zonke babashayeli okufanayo. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona uchungechunge uxhumano babashayeli amaningi, yilowo nalowo kubo izonikezwa ukuthi inani ukushisa okuyinto wakhona ukumelana umqhubi. Uma sihlanganisa, isib, zilandelana ezintathu izintambo yobukhulu alinganayo - bethusi, bensimbi kanye nikelinovuyu, inani elikhulu ukushisa bayokhululwa nikelinovoy, kusukela le resistivity ka enkulu yayo, kuba namandla kanye evuthayo.

Uma babashayeli axhunyiwe parallel, kagesi kuzo kuzohluka futhi voltage enisemikhawulweni babashayeli enjalo uyefana. Ukubalwa inani ukushisa ukuthi bayokhululwa ngesikhathi kwakwakhe ezinjalo, kungcono ukuqhuba, usebenzisa Q ifomula = (U² / R) t.

Lokhu ifomula ebonisa ukuthi ngayinye uxhumano umqhubi parallel ukwaba ukuthi inani ukushisa okuyinto inhlukanozigaba ukuba conductivity yayo.

Uma thina ukuxhuma izintambo ezintathu ukujiya alinganayo - bethusi, bensimbi kanye nikelinovuyu - parallel nomunye futhi sidlule wamanje ngokusebenzisa kwabo, inani elikhulu ukushisa eyakhululwa wire ithusi, ke heats futhi eqina kunomunye.

Kusukela Joule - Lenz, ukukhiqiza ukubala ezahlukene electro ukufaka, Ukushisa bafudumale Imishini. kagesi energy conversion ku ukushisa nayo kabanzi.