Izivunguvungu zenhlabathi: izimbangela, nemiphumela. Lapho kukhona khona uthuli iziphepho?

Lezi zenzakalo zezulu ukwenza umnikelo obalulekile ngokungcoliswa komoya emhlabeni. Kuyinto omunye wemizi eminingi Amazing engokwemvelo ukuthi ososayensi yashesha incazelo elula.

Lezi ezimbi zezulu mkhuba - uthuli iziphepho. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngabo, kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni esilandelayo.

definition

Dusty noma sandy isiphepho - ukudluliswa mkhuba izindodla isihlabathi nothuli imimoya ephezulu, ephelezelwa ziwohloke elibukhali ukubonakala. Ngokuvamile, lezi zenzakalo zivela ezweni.

Lokhu Ezindaweni ezinesomiso planethi, lapho nomoya baphathe amafu enamandla uthuli olwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emele ingozi ngokuthi indoda ikakhulu emhlabathini, kusafanele konakalise kakhulu obala of air, okwenza kube nzima ukubona kobuso ocean ukusuka endaweni.

Izimbangela Othulini Bowl

Zonke ngalolu daba ukushisa esabekayo, ngenxa omiswe umhlabathi oqinile, bese ungqimba ebusweni ibhidliza ku izinhlayiya ezincane, is wacosha yimimoya enamandla.

Kodwa uthuli iziphepho ziqala lapho amagugu ethile abagxeka emoyeni ngesivinini, kuncike sezwe nomhlabathi isakhiwo. Ngokwengxenye enkulu beqala ngesikhathi umoya ngesivinini kule uhla 10-12 m / s. A nenhlabathi ababuthakathaka ku loess uthuli iziphepho zenzeka ehlobo, ngisho ngesivinini 8 m / s, okungenani 5 m / s.

ukuziphatha

Isikhathi iziphepho kuhluka imizuzu kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi esilinganiswa ngezilinganiso amahora. Ngokwesibonelo, endaweni le Aral Sea angu-80 siphepho sabhalwa.

Ngemva ukunyamalala izimbangela lomkhuba echazwe ephakanyiswe uthuli kusukela ebusweni bomhlaba emoyeni kusesimweni yokumiswa amahora ambalwa, mhlawumbe izinsuku. Kulezi zimo, ukudluliswa zaso ezinkulu mass komoya emakhulwini ngisho izinkulungwane amakhilomitha. Yethiwa ngumoya olude ngothuli umthombo libizwa ufasimbe advective. Tropical emoyeni mass kwenkungu idluliselwe sesihlasela ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Russia kanye kulo lonke elaseYurophu kusuka Afrika (ezindaweni ezisenyakatho) naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. A ukusakaza entshonalanga ngokuvamile ukwenza uthuli enjalo evela eChina (isikhungo kanye enyakatho) ogwini Pacific, nokunye. D.

umbala

Izivunguvungu zenhlabathi babe ezihlukahlukene imibala kuncike isimo somhlabathi nombala. Kukhona iziphepho ngemibala elandelayo:

• black (nenhlabathi abamnyama ezindaweni aseningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe European Russia, Orenburg esifundeni kanye Bashkortostan);
• ophuzi kanye brown (ejwayelekile ye-United States nase-Asia Ephakathi - loam kanye loam sandy);
• obomvu (elinombala obomvu yensimbi oxides lakwa Afghanistan kanye ehlane Iranian;
• ezimhlophe (usawoti emaxhaphozini Kalmykia ezinye izindawo Turkmenistan kanye iVolga esifundeni).

iziphepho geography

Okuvela uthuli iziphepho zenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene iplanethi. Le ndawo oyinhloko wokusabalalisa futhi lulwimi ehlane ezishisayo futhi athokomele sezulu esihlukahlukene, futhi zombili ama- zomhlaba.

Ngokuvamile, inkulumo ethi "uthuli" lisetshenziswa uma kwenzeka ku loam noma ubumba umhlabathi. Uma kwenzeka ezingwadule sandy (isib Sahara, Kyzylkum, Karakum nokunye.), Futhi izinhlayiya ezincane kunazo, umoya ithwala emoyeni izigidi amathani kanye izinhlayiya emikhulu (isihlabathi), kakade igama elithi "isihlabathi isiphepho" lisetshenziswa.

Njalo uthuli iziphepho zenzeka Balkhash nesifunda Aral Sea (eseningizimu yeKazakhstan), engxenyeni esentshonalanga Kazakhstan ku yoLwandle iCaspian, e Karakalpakstan futhi Turkmenistan.

Lapho kukhona khona uthuli iziphepho eRussia? Ngokuvamile evela Astrakhan futhi Volgograd izifunda, baseTuva, Kalmykia, kanye e-Altai futhi Trans-iBaikal izindawo. Ngezikhathi esadonsa isikhathi eside, iziphepho ingaqala (hhayi njalo ngonyaka) ehlathini-asemaqeleni kanye asemaqeleni esishintshashintshayo saseChita, Buryatia, zaseTuva, Novosibirsk, Orenburg, Samara, Voronezh futhi Rostov izifunda, Krasnodar futhi laseStavropol Territories, eCrimea, nabanye.

Imithombo esemqoka ye ufasimbe enothuli oLwandle Arabian - iyona ehlane yeNhlonhlo Arabhiya nase-Afrika. umonakalo Ngaphansi kulezi zindawo zilethe isiphepho e-Iran, Pakistan naseNdiya.

Elwandle eliKhulu iPacific uthuli iziphepho baphathe Chinese.

imiphumela kwemvelo Uthuli Bowl

Lo mkhuba echazwe Ungahambisa izindunduma omkhulu futhi uthumele esiningi uthuli ukuze phambi lingase libonakale aminyene futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu uthuli udonga (kufika ku-1.6 km.). Njengoba bevela ogwadule eSahara iziphepho baziwa "njengelinye Isivunguvungu esikhulu", "Khamsin" (kweGibhite bese ngikhipha amaIsrayeli) kanye "habub" (Sudan). Isikhathi esiningi kwesiphepho Sahara zenzeka engxenyeni nomgodi Bodele Ukucindezeleka kwenezele Mali imingcele Mauritania kanye Algeria.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi phezu engu-60 eyedlule isibalo Saharan uthuli iziphepho lenyuka cishe 10 izikhathi, kubangela isiza ekongeni ukushuba we ungqimba ebusweni inhlabathi Chad, Nigeria. Ukuze uqhathanise kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi Mauritania ngawo-60 leminyaka eledlule kwenzeka ezimbili nje uthuli iziphepho, futhi manje unyaka khona siyenzeka ku 80 iziphepho.

Ososayensi, zemvelo zikholelwa ukuthi mancane sengqondo esingafanele esichitha kuya Ezindaweni ezinesomiso Umhlaba, ngokukhethekile, indiva lesi simiso kwezitshalo, njalo kuholela ekwandeni ezindaweni eziwugwadule nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu esimweni loMhlaba embulungeni yonke.

izindlela zokubhekana

Izivunguvungu zenhlabathi, kanye nezinye eziningi nezimo zemvelo ilimaze omkhulu. Ukuze kuncishiswe noma ukuvimbela imiphumela yabo esibi kumele ahlaziye isimo sezwe - impumuzo, microclimate, linqoba ovunguzayo isiqondiso lapha kanye nokwenza imisebenzi ehlobene ukuthi ngabe ukwehlisa isivinini somoya aseduze laphezu komhlabathi phansi futhi ukwandisa adhesion izinhlayiya inhlabathi.

Ukuze wehlise isivinini somoya, ukuze bafeze imisebenzi ethile. Yonke indawo wadala uhlelo yokukhosela amabhande namaphiko. umphumela omkhulu adhesion okwandisa izinhlayiya inhlabathi kwanhlobo-kuze zilima, izinhlanga ngakwesokunxele, utshani zisetshenziswa, emapheshana ka utshani zisetshenziswa okufakwe lapha nge izitshalo izitshalo yonyaka.

Ezinye edume kunazo isihlabathi nothuli iziphepho

Ngokwesibonelo, sinikeza uhlu edume kunazo isihlabathi nothuli iziphepho:

• Ngo 525 BC. e., ngokuvumelana uHerodotus, eSahara ngesikhathi Isivunguvungu esikhulu wafa 50000th ibutho yinkosi uCambyses yasePheresiya.
• Ngo-1928 e-Ukraine umoya esabekayo waphakamisa Bole kwezigidi ezingu-15. Amathani mhlabathi omnyama kusukela endaweni 1 million sq. Km, zazo uthuli ihanjiswe ku Carpathians, iRomania ePoland, lapho bahlala.
• Ngo-1983, isiphepho esinamandla kunazo zonke kuya enyakatho saseVictoria e-Australia umboze emzini Melbourne.
• Ehlobo lango-2007 e Karachi futhi Baluchistan futhi izifundazwe Sindh kwaba nesiphepho esinamandla nangengalo izikhukhula ezalandela ke, ziye zaholela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu mayelana 200.
• Ngo-May 2008, e Mongolia ngenxa isihlabathi isiphepho Kushone abantu abangu-46.
• Ngo-September 2015 esibi "Sharav" (Isivunguvungu esikhulu) adlula phezu indawo enkulu emazweni aseMpumalanga Emaphakathi naseNyakatho Afrika. Hard hit Israyeli, eGibhithe, ePalestine, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia neSiriya. Kwakukhona abalimala.

Ekugcineni, kancane ezisemkhathini uthuli iziphepho

Mars uthuli iziphepho kwenzeke kanje. Ngenxa umehluko oqinile lokushisa phakathi ice ukujiya kanye izikhatha zomoya oshisayo ku emaphethelweni eningizimu polar cap iplanethi Mars kukhona umoya onamandla, uthuli amafu ephakamisa omkhulu obomvu ansundu. Futhi lapha kukhona nencazelo yawo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi Mars uthuli angase adlale indima efanayo njengoba amafu yasemhlabeni. Amalahle emkhathini kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukumuncwa ukukhanya welanga uthuli.