Izinga eliphakeme kunawo kwamagilebhisi phylloxera: izimbangela kanye zokulawula

Njalo wensimu noma umnikazi endaweni suburban singathanda sikhule elimnandi, amagilebhisi namanzi, okungase zigqaja izazi zezolimo namahlathi abanolwazi. Kodwa eqinisweni, le nqubo kuyinto enzima kakhulu, ngoba kule sizini ngokuvamile kufanele iye yabhekana nezinselele eziningi, kuhlanganise izinambuzane. Futhi esinye sezifo obujwayelekile aphid. Ukuthola lezi zinambuzane esikhotheni, ungethuki, ngoba phylloxera yamagilebhisi benqoba kalula uma ukuqaphela isitha bese uqale ngesikhathi esifanele sokuthatha isinyathelo.

Kanjani ifomu ishidi lesi sifo

Thola aphid nje uma ukukhombisa ukunakekelwa futhi sibheke izitshalo. galls Specific on the amaqabunga, ukwakheka warty-like bunjwa eyindilinga, kusikisela ukuthi yamagilebhisi leaf phylloxera. Uma amabhamuza abonakala kuphela ohlangothini engezansi mass oluhlaza, igciwane eyinhloko ehlathini, futhi uma phezulu, izibungu kuzixazulule futhi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukushuba phylloxera phezu izitshalo kungaba ezahlukene futhi kuncike amasosha omzimba sezihlahla ubudala.

Ngakho, uma ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama ngokucacile phylloxera ebonakalayo (neziqu kwi amaqabunga yamagilebhisi), ekulweni kumelwe baqale ngokushesha. Nokho, ochwepheshe futhi ukwehlukanisa phakathi impande kanye nefomu lesi sifo, ngenxa okuyinto kancane phansi otshanini sikhule, ishidi siba sincane, futhi fruiting - okuncane. Ngokubukeka, lesi sitshalo umane ecindezelekile, futhi ngimise isihlalo Imbangela yokugula kwakhe, ube ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa ukuthatha amasampula sesifundo somuntu enemininingwane.

Indlela ukuqaphela ifomu empandeni isifo

Ukuze ukuthola ubukhona aphid noma iminonjana isikhathi sakhe ohlelweni impande, udinga bambe imivini osolisayo eziningana noma ngaphezulu izimpande. Ochwepheshe batusa inqubo prodelyvat engxenyeni ehlobo yesibili, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi ngenkuthalo inkathazo okusakazwa futhi kulula ukuthola. Esikhathini isampula elathathwa kumelwe futhi khona kanye emhlabathini. Ngomusa ukwehlukanisa mncane ngommese obukhali noma nommese emhlabeni izigaxa eliphelele bese ibheka okuqukethwe imifantu e cortex. Uma abavuna izithelo zomvini phylloxera kubo likhona, umlumbanisi ngaphawula iqhubu encane izimpande amancane, futhi obukhulu - amahlukuzo izindawo aphid-like ophuzi. Ziyakwazi roundish, akukho kuka 1 sentimutha ububanzi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amathiphu abathintekayo impande ukuthatha ebanjwe noma clavate nge Izigaxana aphuzi-white ukuthi ekugcineni mnyama, behlukana, bese baba ngokuphelele cishe izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana. Amagxolo sifana isiponji, sidilike, futhi impande ubukeka esishwabene.

At ekuqaleni we phylloxera isifo ku amagilebhisi cishe ezingabonakali, futhi kungenzeka ukuthola kuphela ngomnyaka wesihlanu, ngakho vykopok inqubo control baye prodelyvat ngonyaka. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izinambuzane bahlalela ezindaweni akhelene Kugcwele ukutheleleka, njalo ushiye izitshalo wagula kakhulu futhi kwathiwa ukuzalela on enempilo. Pest uyakwazi enabantu phezu impande, futhi ingxenye elitholakala at a side kunaleso imitha elilodwa ukujula. Ahlolwe Kufanele kukhethwe amasampula nezihlahla bukhoma.

Homeland phylloxera, nini futhi kuphi kwatholakala

Ikhaya le eziyingozi kakhulu ngokuhlukaniswa inkathazo ingxenye eningizimu-nempumalanga ye-United States. Ngokuvamile wahlangana ku nezihlahla zasendle nikhula Mississippi soMfula. Ukunqotshwa lokuqala izivini wakwazi ukulungisa e 1868, unyaka e-Europe. Umlando usitshela ukuthi ngekhulu le-19, i-phylloxera yamagilebhisi wabhubhisa ezingaphezu kuka 6 amahektha eziseduze namasimu futhi uvele Russia ngo-1880. Omkhulu umtshali V E. Tairov kuqashelwe ukuthi le aphid iyona inkathazo esibi kunazo nokuphikelelayo, ngoba ophilayo izimpande namaqabunga, wabhubhisa amahlathi ngemuva kwehlathi futhi yonke indawo kuletha kuphela incithakalo inhlekelele. Engxenyeni kwekhulu lesibili inkathazo uvele eningizimu yeFrance, futhi lokhu ukwenze ngejubane okungavamile lasakazekela cishe zonke izifunda European.

Kuyaphawuleka, esikhathini esifushane phylloxera abhubhisa kuka-70% of the izivini emhlabeni wonke.

Indlela Yokuphila impande izinambuzane

Izinga eliphakeme kunawo kwamagilebhisi aphid kanye sokuphila kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi ihlukaniswe yaba amafomu alandelayo:

• komhlaba;
• phansi;
• ukuhlinzeka izixhumanisi (ezinamaphiko).

Ngakho, ngokuphelele zonke aphid ngabanye ukuthi ihlasela izivikeli impande, ngokukhethekile owesifazane. Izinambuzane kuhambisana nokuntuleka wamaphiko, umbala ophuzi nge amachashazi ezincane amnyama ngemuva. Sucking lezi ukuthuthela kude ikhanda ingxenye besisu lomzimba uyakwazi ibhoboze izimpande ehlathini ukukhathala ukudla. Ngaphakathi 4 - 6 amasonto, izinsikazi walala amakhulu amaqanda aphuzi, zazo izinsuku 8-10 izibungu sizalwa lezi eside kakhulu. Le ndlela inkathazo uncamela bahlala izitshalo ezindala futhi overwinter kubo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wahlala kuya entwasahlobo izibungu amelana kakhulu abandayo, futhi elwa nabo akulula.

amafomu Indlela Yokuphila ezinamaphiko

Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ekwindla zakuqala phakathi Nymphs impande aphid kungabonwa - orange izinhlanzi mncane nakhululwa ezifundisweni zokucathula amaphiko. Basuke ngenkuthalo asathuthuka nemibandela umswakama high nemibandela ethile sezulu. Izinambuzane ukukhasa phandle kwamanzi futhi emva 4th moulting lawuguqula ngokuphelele ibe ukuma ezinamaphiko nge tentacles eside futhi amehlo evuthiwe. inkathazo enjalo ukwazi bangandiza ibangana off ku izinso yamagilebhisi underside ishidi kanye namagxolo okuxekethile amaqanda unfertilized kakade. Of izibungu ezincane ngaphezulu sikhule zezinhlobo besilisa, okuyinto uhlala izinsuku ezingu-10 kuphela, ngoba ungadla ngenxa yokuntuleka lezi. Nokho, ngemva kokuya ocansini olulodwa, insikazi izalela iqanda elilodwa elivundisiwe, okuyinto kuthanda ebusika emifantwini nemifantu izinkuni elidala.

ifomu Indlela Yokuphila ishidi

Entwasahlobo ka ubusika amaqanda dweba ku aphid zesifazane wingless axazulule ekuqaleni kule 1-6 leaf. Kancane kancane wathuthela ephakeme ngokumunca off phezulu mass oluhlaza kuzo zonke ayo. kwakhiwa nenyongo oluhlaza nge shape phakathi, kwesinye isikhathi izindawo ngokubomvu Isayithi wokubhoboza is. emasontweni ambalwa yamagilebhisi phylloxera kuphela izalela amaqanda angaphezu kuka 1,000, zazo izinsuku 8 kunabantu abasha, Ukuhlala amahlumela ethambile. Pest perepolzet ngokushesha phezulu, futhi lapho lesi sitshalo itheleleke ngokugcwele - bathuthela kwamanye sezihlahla. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi ngaphansi izimo ezikahle ngenkathi eyodwa angagcina kuze 5 izizukulwane aphid. Ngu kokuwa inkathazo nakakhulu umzimba wakhe Sinemandla, futhi lezi - eside. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ifomu ishidi ubulawa kanye namaqabunga awile, ezifana phylloxera Amagilebhisi izinyathelo zokunqanda athwala eziphikelelayo kakhulu.

Injani phylloxera

Aphid Igilebhisi Umsuka, leaf futhi simise ezinamaphiko uyakwazi ngenkuthalo ukuhambisa amahlumela oluhlaza, amacembe kanye inhlabathi. Ngezinye izikhathi abantu komhlaba ebusweni, lapho iwashi ihamba singazange sidle futhi siphumule ngesilinganiso 3 cm ngomzuzu. izinambuzane Winged unqobe amamitha 100. Futhi phylloxera yamagilebhisi zibukele uhambe phezu eside amabanga imifudlana umoya, ukungcola noma amanzi emvula. Kukhona amacala lapho inkathazo unqobe amakhilomitha angaba ngu-30. Kunomthelela ukusabalala kwesifo kanye umuntu othenga wokugoma elinegciwane nokutshala ezibonakalayo, machining izitshalo enempilo zomculo ezingcolile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkathazo eyalo yezilwane zasendle nezinyoni.

I esiyingozi phylloxera

Ngo inqubo ukuphila kwabo phylloxera ngokuyinhloko kuthinta uhlelo impande, ngakho ehlathini unyaka ngamunye uthola izakhi kancane noma ngokuphelele iyeke ukuncela kubo. Izigaxana, Izigaxana futhi Izigaxana vimbela ngokuphelele izingxenye komhlaba izitshalo, kubenze yindlala. nezihlahla Young ungaqala zome ngoba ngemva kokunqotshwa iminyaka 3-5, kanye nabantu abadala ngaphezulu - kamuva kakhulu. Amahlumela buthaka amagilebhisi awunaso isikhathi uvuthwe, ngakho ngokuvamile abakwazi ukubekezelela yesithwathwa ebusika.

Uma sicabangela lesion, singabona ukuthi ucacisa ezahlukene kobujamo obusaqanda, ngoba inkathazo kwanda yonke indawo kusukela into ukutheleleka okuyisisekelo. Esingayenza ngaphandle kokuthi siphathe phylloxera imivini, nezithombe nge incazelo eningiliziwe inkathazo kalula atholakala emithonjeni eminingi, kodwa kungcono ukuthenga izinhlobo isifo nemithi.

Yikuphi ezihlukahlukene amagilebhisi kungcono isitshalo kusayithi

Kusukela inkathazo uhlala ikakhulu American yamagilebhisi izinhlobo, ochwepheshe batusa ukuba sikhule zezimila European, ngibatshale ukuba bahlale esihlabathini. Ngendlela enomqondo futhi bathuthele izinhlobo ezintsha eziyinkimbinkimbi ukumelana noma nzalo Esisisindisa-Villars. Thembeke zisebenzisa yamagilebhisi izinhlobo European amelana phylloxera ngesikhathi ngokugoma.

izinhlobonhlobo letiphakanyisiwe isiphunzi imivini:

• Kober 5BB;
• Riparia x rupestris 101-14;
• Riparia Gloire.

lezi zitshalo amelana izimpande abolile inqubo ngesikhathi phylloxera ukutheleleka ungafi.

izindlela Traditional ukuze silwe phylloxera

Ngemva umvini phylloxera kwatholakala - ekulweni kumelwe baqale ngokushesha. Uma ukusabalala inkathazo encane, kungenzeka ukuba ikhiphe ngokuphelele indlela ngokurhaba. Ngakho, zama ugeze off izinambuzane eziyingozi ingcindezi enkulu amanzi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho baba inyamazane izinyoni. Inqubo kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi eziningi.

Futhi, eziningi belulekwa ukuba ulungiselele izingxube ezihlukahlukene zoketshezi:

• Soap (100 g itiyela insipho ziyoncibilika 10 amalitha amanzi). Angakwazi uhlanganise insipho kokuncinyane wokugeza powder kanye yokuwasha, kodwa kungcono ukugwema izidakamizwa elimnandi kakhulu, ngoba izinambuzane.
• Kusukela umlotha (amalitha 1 inkomishi kuya 5 yamanzi futhi sokunika amahora 12).
• Citrus ikhasi (0.5 amalitha reboil particulate ketshezi 1 ilitha lamanzi, elihluziwe bese wengeza obunye 10 L okusamanzi).
• Kusukela eziqongweni izitshalo solanaceous (uhhafu ugcwalise 3-litre ibhodlela amakhambi oqoshiwe futhi uthele amanzi abilayo entanyeni. Sokunika usuku olulodwa, bese ufaka 1 tbsp. L. Soap chips noma powder).
• NoGwayi (1 inkomishi phisa ugwayi amaqabunga 5 amalitha amanzi, sokunika kanye abakhwabanisi).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi abanolwazi umvini-abatshali belulekwa ukuba alethe ipulazi izinambuzane eziwusizo, izinyoni, futhi izwe eliseduze kwakwa-sezihlahla yamakhambi anephunga elimnandi noma izimbali.

Amakhemikhali ukuze silwe phylloxera

Yiqiniso, akubona bonke amaholide kholwa izindlela yendabuko umzabalazo wokulwa aphid, ngakho uthanda ukuthenga amathuluzi ngomumo eyenziwe ezitolo ezikhethekile. Kungcono ukuba bafeze ekwelapheni yamagilebhisi phylloxera zinambuzane okuyinto cishe uqedwe kwezulu futhi baqiniseka ephephile honeybees.

Izidakamizwa ezivamile ngokumelene aphid:

• "Fastak" (kuhlanganiswe fungicidal futhi insecticidal ngezinye izindlela);
• "Phosalone" (ebhubhisa aphid futhi ivikela isitshalo isikhathi eside, abonise umsebenzi anobuthi ngisho ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi);
• "Aktellik" (ekuvimbeleni recolonization);
• "Kinmiks" (kokubhubhisa phylloxera abadala izibungu zonke izinhlobo);
• "Konfidor" futhi "B-58" (ukubulala ifomu inkathazo ishidi).

Kubalulekile futhi ukuba abhubhise izikhungo ukutheleleka nhlobo, usebenzisa oluvuthayo, oluyingozi carbon disulfide, ukuhlaba zingene shí enhlabathini. Namathela Kunconywa zokwehlukanisa ukuvikela nezinye izitshalo kusuka aphid Ukungena.