Izindiza AN-148-100: izihlalo ezihle kakhulu saloni, isithombe

Ukukhathazeka kwesakhiwo sezindiza e-Ukraine - i-Antonov ANTK - kanye namabhizinisi aseRussia nakwamanye amazwe omhlaba adala imindeni yezindiza zesifunda esifundazweni se-twin-engine, eyathola uphawu lwe-An-148-100 (isithombe sitholakala kulesi sihloko). Lezi zindiza ziyizindiza zokuncintisana eziphezulu, zihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zezwe zanamuhla, izindinganiso zokuphepha nezemvelo, kanye nezifiso zezinkampani ezihamba emoyeni zokuhamba kwabagibeli. Indiza ye-An-148-100 iklanyelwe ukuhamba kwezimoto nabagibeli emigqeni emikhulu kanye nesifunda.

Umndeni nokuguqulwa

Umndeni wezindiza ze-An-148-100 unamaphesenti amathathu kwabagibeli abangu-68-85: A iyinhlangano ye-liner short-passenger liner (kuze kube ngamakhilomitha angu-3000); B - ukuguqulwa okuyisisekelo, kuhluke okwedlule kuphela ububanzi bezindiza (kufika ku-3600 km); I-E-ibhekwe uhla olwandisiwe (kufika ku-5000 amakhilomitha). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinguquko eziyisithupha zalesi sezindiza: ukukhula komgibeli; Ngezinga eliphakeme lokududuzeka kwabagibeli; Umthengisi nomgibeli; I-Cargo ene-door door; I-Cargo ene-hatch-ramp yangemuva; Injongo ekhethekile.

Umlando wendalo. Isigaba One

Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-90 yekhulu lokugcina ehhovisi lokuqamba elibizwa ngokuthi i- Antonov OK , umsebenzi usuqalile ekwakhiweni kwendiza entsha yokugibela - An-148-100 (izithombe eziboniswe kulesi sihloko zibonisa lo moya). Imoto entsha kwakufanele ithathe isikhundla se-An-24, An-72, An-74, Yak-40, Yak-42 ne-Tu-134 engasebenzi. Ithimba lokuthuthukisa lalibandakanya iqembu labanjiniyela abaholwa nguP. Baluyev. Lowo owamandulela lo mdwebo omusha, i-AN-74, wenzelwe njengendlela yokuthutha imithwalo yempahla futhi ayengasetshenziselwa ukuhamba ngokunethezeka kwabagibeli. Ngisho nangemva kokukhipha izinyunithi zamandla ngaphansi kwephiko le-pylon, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwephethiloli, kwakungenakukwazi ukuncintisana nezindiza eziningana zesimanje zesimo somgibeli ofanayo.

Kulesi simo, ukuphathwa kwenkampani kunqume ukwakha ibhasi lezindiza elisha eliphelele elihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zanamuhla.

Isigaba sesibili

Ekuqaleni, le phrojekthi ibizwa ngokuthi i-An-74-68. Indiza entsha ibonise isimo sephiko, i-fuselage ehlangene, injini yochungechunge yesihlanu ngokuklama okusha okuyisisekelo. Kodwa-ke, inkinga yezomnotho yabambezela ukuzalwa kwalesi sezindiza. Futhi ngo-2001 isigaba sokusebenza komsebenzi we-liner saqala. Manje iphrojekthi inegama elisha - i-An-148. Umqondo wezindiza ze-An-74 TK-300 uthathwe njengesizathu, noma kunjalo, i-An-148-100 (isithombe) iyisidingo esakhiwe ngokuphelele kusukela ekuqaleni, futhi ayisona olunye ushintsho lwe-AN-74. Ukwandise ubude nobubanzi be-fuselage, uhlelo olusha lokuklama namandla wephiko, amamandla kagesi anamuhla anokwesekwa uhlelo lwe-electronic control. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-An-148-100 kwaqala ngasekupheleni kuka-2004. Futhi ngoJuni 2, 2009 indiza yokuqala yokushayela indiza entsha emgwaqweni iKharkiv - Kiev kwenzeka. Ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva umhlangano wokuqala we-An-148-100 waseRussia wasungulwa esibhakabhakeni.

Ukuhlola

Ezinyangeni ezintathu emva kokushayela kokuqala kohlobo lwe-An-148-100 yokuhlola, indiza yaqinisekisa zonke izici zezindiza ezibalwe ngaphansi kwezimo zezingalo ezinkulu zokuhlaselwa. Lezindiza zithathwe ezinqoleni ezigodla ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kwenzelwe ukuhlola umthwalo owengeziwe we-chassis kanye nezakhi zokukhiqiza i-wing, ezijwayelekile ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zendiza yomgibeli womgibeli. Cishe kunoma yikuphi ukulungiswa kwe-AN-148-100 (impendulo yongcweti eqinisekisa lokhu) yabonisa izici ezicacile, ezihlukaniswa ngokwemvelo eziholela ekugodleni. Ukuziphatha kwe-liner emibhalweni emikhulu yezindiza kubonakala kunomusa kakhulu, kwahambisana nazo zonke izidingo zemithetho yezindiza.

Isitifiketi

Ngo-Ephreli 26, 2007, indiza entsha, injini yayo kanye namandla okusiza abathola izitifiketi ezivela kwi-State Aviation Administration yase-Ukraine kanye neRejista ye-Aviation yeKomiti ye-Interstate Aviation. Isiqinisekiso sezindiza senziwa ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko zesisekelo sesitifiketi SB-148, esakhiwe ngesisekelo sezimfuneko zezindiza nemithetho ye-CIS (AP-25), kanye ne-European CS-25. Indiza iyahlangabezana nezidingo zesigaba 4 se-Annex 16 soMthetho weziNdaba zoMphakathi (International Volume Aviation) (Umqulu 1 "Umsindo wendiza", njengoba uchitshiyelwe ku-7 ehlanganisiwe) kanye nezidingo zeNgxenye 36 yeMithetho Yezindiza AP-36. Ngokuphathelene nokukhishwa kwezimpahla, izidingo zesigaba esifanelekile se-Annex 16 soMhlangano Wezimboni Zamazwe Omhlaba (Umqulu 2 "Ukukhishwa kwezinjini zezindiza", njengoba kuchitshiyelwe yi-fourth inclusive) kanye nezidingo zeMigomo ye-Aviation AP-34.

Izixazululo zokwakha

Ake sicabangele ukuthi iziphi izixazululo ezintsha ezinikezela izinzuzo eziningana zezindiza ezintsha, zitholakala ezindizeni zalo mndeni ngabanjiniyela be-Antonov Design Bureau. I-An-148-100 inezinga eliphakeme lokuvikelwa kwamayunithi wamaphiko namandla avela kokulimala ngezinto zangaphandle. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuhlelwa kwedivayisi - iphiko eliphezulu ngeenjini ngaphansi kwephiko kuma-pylons. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindiza zalolu chungechunge zingasebenza ngokuphepha ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zemigwaqo, okubandakanya okungalungile, okungafani, igravel, iqhwa neqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwe-system on-board ebhalisa isimo sezinhlelo, kanye nesitshalo esinamandla, kanye nenzinga eliphakeme lokuthembeka nokusebenza, kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa izindiza zomndeni kunoma iyiphi i-aerodrome. Ukulungiswa okulula kwamakhamphani e-cargo engaphansi komhlaba kuvumela ukulayishwa nokulayishwa kwemithwalo ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile yempahla.

Ama-Powertrains

Ngendiza yalomndeni, injini entsha yesizukulwane sesihlanu D-436-148 yasungulwa emabhizinisini kahulumeni i-Ivchenko-Intuthuko. Leyunithi yamandla ifakwe eziningana zezinhlelo ezihlinzeka ngokulawula okuzenzakalelayo nokuqapha. Baqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhle kwezinjini kuzo zonke izingxenye zezindiza, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwandisa ukuthembeka, nokunciphisa izindleko zesondlo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha. Amayunithi amandla An-148-100 ahlangabezana nezimfuneko zanamuhla ze-Eurocontrol ne-ICAO. Imithombo yabo efunwa yizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20 namahora angu-40 amahora okusebenza. Ngesicelo sezindiza zamakhasimende zalomndeni singabuye sibe nezinjini zanamuhla zokukhiqiza kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kwezingu-8000 kgf.

Izinsiza

Imishini yokukhulumisana yama-navigational, izindiza nezomsakazo zanamuhla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-electronic control system yokuhamba indiza yezindiza nezinkomba eziningi zokusebenza, vumela ukusebenzisa lezi zindiza kunoma yimuphi umzila womoya, kufaka phakathi nemigwaqo enamandla okushayela indiza, imini nobusuku, kokubili elula Futhi ezimweni ezinzima zezulu. I-An-148-100 inikeza kokubili ukuhamba kwe-manual nokuzenzakalelayo. I-autopilot ikuvumela ukuba uhlele izindlela ezidingekayo, indlela yokuzenzekelayo ngokuhambisana nezigaba ze-ICAO I, II no-III A, ukuhamba okuhamba phambili nokuqondile, ukuthutha nokufika ngokusebenzisa amasu we-STAR ne-SID. Imishini yenza ukuqapha ngokuzenzekelayo isimo sezinhlelo zonke ezindizeni nasemhlabeni ngokukhishwa okulandelayo kokwaziswa kwabasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe kanye nabasebenzi bezindiza.

Ukuphepha

Umndeni walezi zindiza uhlinzeka ngezinyathelo zokuphepha kwezindiza. Isibonelo, i-cabin ye-crew ifakwe iminyango yokufaka amabhulogi, izinsizakalo zendiza nezinsimbi zokuxhumana, indawo yokugcina izinhlamvu nezikhali, isistimu yokuqapha ividiyo, indawo yokubeka amadivaysi aqhumayo uma kwenzeka ukuba khona kwabo ebhanoyini, amadivaysi okulwa nokuwaba.

Salon

Induduzo yendiza yomgibeli yendiza yalo mndeni ihambelana nezinga lokunethezeka kwezimboni zamanje ezihamba phambili. Ngokuyinhloko, umphumela onjalo ufezwa ngenxa yokuhlelwa komqondo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamakamelo okusiza, ukusetshenziswa kwezihlalo zesikhwama zesimanje, izinto zokwakha kanye nokwakhiwa kwangaphakathi, ukulungiswa kwe-ergonomic yesikhala somuntu ngamunye nendawo jikelele, futhi-ke, umsindo ophansi. Ukuze ukuzijabulisa kwabagibeli, uhlelo lwanamuhla nolwazi lokuzijabulisa lufakwe ku-cabin. Imithwalo yesandla itholakala emashalofini emithwalo ekhethiwe e-lockable, ehlukaniswe umthamo othakazelisayo - inani elingamakhilogremu angu-4.2. Ubukhulu bamashalofulo ahluke kuye ngokuguqulwa kwendiza. Okukhulu kunazo zonke - ezindizeni ezindiza ezincane nezesifunda. Umthamo ophelele wemithwalo nemithwalo yempahla ye-cargo An-148, etholakala esigabeni somsila naphansi kwegumbi lomgibeli wendiza - 14.6 cubic metres.

I-An-148-100 - isakhiwo sangaphakathi

Ukuhlelwa kwekhamera yomgibeli yalesi sezindiza kuklanyelwe ukuhamba kusuka kubantu abangu-68 kuya kwabangu-85. Indiza inikezwa izihlalo eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyishumi eklasini lebhizinisi, okunye - komnotho. Ukuhlelwa kwezihlalo (kuboniswe esithombeni esingenhla) ekilasini lebhizinisi kukhona emgqeni ohlangothini ngalunye lwendiza. Esigumbini somkhakha wezomnotho kukhona izihlalo ezintathu ezilandelanayo ohlangothini olulodwa nambili ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngenhla ngayinye kukhona amashalofu ezithwala imithwalo yesandla. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa eqenjini lomnotho lezindiza lenzelwe ukukhula komuntu ojwayelekile (ukuze amadolo omgibeli angaphumi ngemuva kwesihlalo esilandelayo, kodwa kubantu abanokuphakama ngaphezu kwesilinganiso ngeke kube khona ukungakhululeki.) Esikhathini ngasinye isihlalo kukhona izinkinobho zokulawula ukukhanyisa, isilawuli se-air conditioning, iphaneli yesignali esilula bese ushayele umsizi wendiza Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwabagibeli, kule ndege ye-An-148-100 izindawo ezinhle kunazo zonke emkhakheni wezomnotho zikhona efasiteleni ngakwesokunxele kwebhodi (umugqa wezihlalo ezimbili).

Ukubuyekeza

Njengoba kunjalo, kulokhu, izimpendulo zabantu ziyahlukahluka, ngezinye izikhathi ziphikisana kakhulu. Omunye uphikisa ukuthi indiza ikhululekile kakhulu, indiza idlula ngokuthula, ikhumula futhi ihamba ilula. Abanye bathi umsindo wezinjini uphezulu kakhulu, kanti ukuthutha futhi ukufika indiza iyazama ukuthuthumela ngokweqile, futhi umemezele ukuthi kungcono ukuhamba nge-An-24 ubudala. Bangaki abantu - imibono eminingi kangaka. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuzibhala ngokwakho, sebenzisa izinsizakalo zezinkampani zomoya bese uqhathanisa nezinzwa.

Isiphetho

Naphezu kwentsha yabo esebenzayo, lezi zindiza ziye zaqinisa impela indawo yazo emigwaqweni yomoya yendawo yilabo kuphela emazweni e-CIS, kodwa nasezifundeni zaseYurophu nase-Asia. I-Planes An-148-100 "I-Aeroflot", "i-Russia", "i-Angara" nezinye izinkampani zokuhamba ngezindiza ezithengiswayo zithengwa ukuze zithathele iTu-134 ezingasebenzi nakwezinye. I-148 ihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zesimanje zokuphepha, umnotho kanye nenduduzo. Zonke lezi zimfanelo ziye zaba yizici eziyinhloko, ngenxa yokuthi izinkampani zikhetha ukuthini lokhu.