Heterotrophic - ke ingeyomzimba?

Ukudla - uhlobo inqubo lapho umzimba uthola amandla adingekayo kanye nezakhi cell umzimba, ukulungisa kanye nokukhula.

Heterotrophs: izici jikelele

Heterotrophic - kulokho ezisebenzisa imithombo ukudla okukhiqizwe ngendlela engokwemvelo. Abakwazi ukudala organic compounds kusukela wezinto ezingaphili, njengoba kwenziwa inqubo faneleki noma chemosynthesis autotrophs (ezitshalweni eziluhlaza ezinye prokaryotes). Yingakho ekusindeni eziphilayo echazwe kuncike umsebenzi autotrophs.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi heterotrophs - indoda, nezilwane, isikhutha, nezilwanyana izitshalo ezincane-eziphilayo angakwazi faneleki noma chemosynthesis. Kufanele ukuthi kukhona uhlobo oluthile amagciwane ezisebenzisa ukukhanya namandla ukuze ziveze izinto ayo organic. It fotogeterotrofy.

Heterotrophs uthole ukudla ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kodwa sehliselwe izinqubo ezintathu eziyinhloko (ukugaya, ukumuncwa futhi nokwenziwa), lapho izakhiwo yamangqamuzana eyinkimbinkimbi babizwa wajinge wanamatsela ukuba lula futhi amuncwa izicubu ngokusebezisa alandelayo izidingo umzimba.

Ukwahlukaniswa heterotrophic

Bonke zihlukaniswe amaqembu 2 - abathengi kanye decomposers. Lesi sakamuva Angumxhumanisi yokugcina eziwukudla, njengoba olukwazi ukushintsha lo organic compounds ku izidakamizwa amaminerali. Konsumentami yilezo eziphilayo ukulungele ukusebenzisa organic compounds okuyinto akhiwa ngesikhathi impilo autotrophs ngaphandle kokuguquka bo ultimate ukuze izinsalela amaminerali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona heterotrophs - ke saprophytes noma izilokazane eziphila ngezinye. Saprophytes ukondla organic compounds eziphilayo efile. Lokhu izilwane eziningi, imvubelo, isikhunta amakhowe shlyapkovye, kanye namagciwane lwezithelo olubangela ukubila futhi elibi.

Izimuncagazi adla izakhi organic yezinto eziphilayo. Lezi zihlanganisa ezinye ezincane ezingabonakali ngeso lenyama, yisinanakazana izimpethu, omiyane imikhaza. Leli qembu sihlanganisa amagciwane, ama-bacterium, izitshalo yisinanakazana, heterotrophs (isib, Mistletoe) kanye amakhowe-izimuncagazi.

Amandla eziphilayo heterotrophic

Ngu ubunjalo amandla heterotrophs zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngakho, kukhona herbivorous noma ezidla zilwane, eziphila ngezinye nasezinambuzaneni eziwadlayo eziphilayo kudle ukudla njengoba isitshalo efile Imicu yotshani noma isilwane izidumbu, kanye namafomu ezisetshenziswa amandla alo yahlakazeka udaba eziphilayo.

Uma sikhuluma izinhlobo umsoco heterotrophic, kufanele kushiwo ifomu holozoic. Lokho kudla ngokuvamile nobuntu isilwane futhi kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuthwebula izithombe ukudla nokugwinya.
• Ukugaya. Luhilela cleavage zishintshe eziphilayo zibe izinhlayiya ezincane ukuthi chaza kalula emanzini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuqala sihamba mechanical ukugaya ukudla (isib amazinyo), kulandele ukuchayeka ama-enzyme ethile (chemical ukugaya).
• Ukuncela. Umsoco noma ngokushesha awela izicubu noma ku igazi kuqala bese nge samanje kwezitho zawo ezahlukene.
• Nokwenziwa (nokwenziwa). Kuyinto ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi.
• Excretion - kokukhipha exchange yokugcina kanye nemikhiqizo ukudla undigested.

Organisms-saprotrophs

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, nezinto eziphilayo okuthiwa adla izinsalela ezifile abizwa ngokuthi saprophytes. Ukuze ukugaya Zikhiphela enzyme ezifanele bese umzimba ketshezi kwakhiwa ngenxa enjalo ukugaya extracellular. Mushrooms - heterotrophs, okuyinto angaphansi uhlobo saprophytic ukudla - kuba, isibonelo, imvubelo noma isikhunta Mucor, Rhizppus. Atholakala konemimoya isiko kanye ama-enzyme kanye mncane futhi mycelium branched inikeza eningi ebusweni ukumuncwa. Ngakho, i-glucose yinqubo zokuphefumula nokuqinisekisa isikhunta amandla esetshenziselwa ukusabela umzimba. Mangisho ukuthi amagciwane amaningi futhi saprophytes.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi compounds eziningi zazo ezakhiwe saprophytes amandla, hhayi amuncwa kubo. Lezi izinto faka imvelo bese ingasetshenziswa yizimila. Yingakho umsebenzi saprophytic linendima ebalulekile emjikelezweni we ndaba.

Umqondo Symbiosis

Igama elithi "Symbiosis" laqanjwa ososayensi De Bari, owaphawula ukuthi kukhona inhlangano noma ubuhlobo obuseduze phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo zinhlobo ezahlukene.

Ngakho, lapho amabhaktheriya esifo heterotrophic ezihlala ipheshana wokugaya ukudla of herbivorous izilwane zhuynyh. Bayakwazi ukugaya i-cellulose, wadla. Lezi nezilwanyana ezincane angase aphunyuke aqhubeke ephila ukugaya anaerobic kanye cellulose lunamathele compounds lula ukuthi izilwane aphethe ingakwazi ukugaya sokwetshisa. Esinye isibonelo salokhu kungaba ngokuthi isitshalo futhi impande Izigaxana amagciwane iqala ubuhlobo bokubambisana bohlobo lwe-Rhizobium.

Uma sikhuluma nokuhlalisana eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene, kubalulekile ukusho lo mkhuba parasitism. Uma-ke enye yalawo (amagciwane) izinzuzo kusukela kwalokhu kuhlalisana ndawonye, omunye ngesikhathi esifanayo - umonakalo kuphela (umnikazi). Ngakho, kulesi simo, amagciwane ukhiqiza ngaphezu ophila, izakhi hhayi kuphela kodwa futhi uthola kuye nesiphephelo.

Izimuncagazi okuyinto uhlala ku ebusweni elingaphandle umninikhaya abizwa ngokuthi ectoparasites (namazeze, izibungu noma iminyundu). Bayisibonelo yokuphila yisinanakazana hhayi kuphela. I yangaphakathi kukhona baphoqwe. Basuke izimpawu ukuba khona yisinanakazana (okuyinto, isibonelo, tapeworm porcine, Plasmodium noma isibindi yisikhohliso).

Ngamafuphi, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi heterotrophs - kuyinto iqembu ezibanzi kakhulu izidalwa eziphilayo, okuyinto uxhumana hhayi kuphela nomunye, kodwa futhi ukwazi nomthelela ezinye izinto eziphilayo.