Izimangaliso Monastery. Chudov wezindela in the Kremlin: umlando

Abaningi balabo abaye tour in the Kremlin, mhlawumbe, hhayi uqaphele ukuthi namuhla indawo mlando kungenzeka lihluke ngokuphelele. Iqiniso liwukuthi kule ndawo ezinye amathempeli odumo namasonto yacekelwa phansi, kuhlanganise Voznesensky futhi Chudov Monastery, Cathedral koMsindisi ku Bor nezinye izikhumbuzo zomlando.

Umlando yesonto

Chudov wezindela in the Kremlin wakhela Metropolitan of moskovskiy Aleksy. Ukuze liye ukhethe indawo enkantolo yangaphambili Khan. Nakuba amanxusa, bahlala khona. Bafika eMoscow inkokhiso. Le ndawo lanikezwa ukubonga ngalokho Alexis yalapheka ubumpumputhe unkosikazi Janibek - Taydulu. Metropolitan uqobo baya zidlamlilo ukusiza wesifazane ohluphekayo.

Ekuqaleni, ibandla elakhiwa phezu kwalo Arhistratiga Mihaila. It yasungulwa ngo 1365. Lona omunye omdala amasonto eMoscow.

Izimangaliso sezindela kamuva waziwa ngokuthi Lavra Omkhulu (ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII), lapho uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Filaret.

Ngo 1771 eMoscow kwabheduka nokuguqulwa isifo uthuli, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho sezindela laphangwa waphakamisela izakhamuzi.

Phakathi neMpi Russian isiFulentshi 1812 Chudov Isigodlo, izithombe zazo ungabona kulesi sihloko, eyayihlala-French. Lapha kwaba indlunkulu ibutho Napoleon. I-altare likaJehova sezindela kwaba ongakasetshenzwa lokulala enhle Marshal Davoust. Ithempeli wangcwatshwa umsunguli wayo - Metropolitan Alexy. izinsalela akhe bagcinwa sesonto kuze 1686. Kamuva idluliselwe Church of the Holy Metropolitan Alexy.

Yakha kabusha ithempeli ngo 1814. A umnikelo ekhethekile lokhu kwenziwa umakhi M. Bykovsky. Ngenxa yemizamo yakhe esontweni lombhishobhi Isigodlo uvele zethusi iconostasis nge ezinkulu iminyango bobukhosi sasenziwe ngesiliva.

Indima Isigodlo emlandweni Russian

Chudov wezindela in the Kremlin iminyaka eminingi esadlala indima ebalulekile emlandweni Russian. Ngo-1382 amabutho akhe ezazihlupha Tokhtamysh. Ngo 1441 khona wagudluzwa YaseMoscow Metropolitan Isidore, wayesanda kubuya esabelweni Florence Cathedral. Abamele Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia eholwa u-Isidore yasayina isivumelwano mayelana nekwetfula inyunyana eRussia. E-Moscow, nge isinqumo asizange uyavuma. Isiphepho U-Isidore wagudluzwa futhi begqunywa ejele e ephathelene nokuphatha izindela.

Ngo 1504, e-Chudov Monastery wayeboshiwe fighter oluvelele ngokumelene baqede - Novgorod Metropolitan Gerontius. Zabulawa lamfica futhi Bassion umdala. Ngo 1610 Tsar Vasily IV wagudluzwa, futhi esigodlweni sezindela wayethethelela ngenkani tonsured njengoba indela. Futhi kuseli sezindela babulawa indlala iminyaka emibili kamuva uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Hermogenes. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi bonke ubuhlungu nosizi ukubonwa Izimangaliso Monastery. Nomthandazo Arhangelu Mihailu ngokuvamile kwakuzwakala ngaphansi nemengamo yalo.

Indima wezindela imfundo

sezindela Izimangaliso babamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imfundo yeRussia. Amabili yezinzalamizi yakhe Archimandrite Adrian futhi Joakim, abangu akhethwe. Hierodeacon uThimothewu waba elengamele zonke emikhosini isonto ezenzeka eMoscow. Lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi kubusa uPetru I. ngo-1737 Diocese kwabuyiselwa uMenzi Wezimangaliso Temple savuka imisebenzi yayo sihlalo we iziKhulu eMoscow.

Lapha wayesebenza Epiphany Slavinetsky - livela Kiev Academy. Ngo 1658 yena idluliselwe Umbhishobhi "incwadi dohturskuyu." Mangisho ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku, izincwadi yezokwelapha akukhona ukuthi ezingavamile kakhulu, njengoba ngempela futhi imithi ngokwayo, okwakubonisa kuphela bantu eliphakeme. Ukuze umsebenzi wakhe wathola eziningi Epiphany ngesikhathi indondo - ruble 10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wasebenza okwesikhashana, futhi Arseny ngesiGreki.

Ezemfundo esigodlweni sezindela

Ngokwesiko ku Chudov sezindela ukuqeqeshwa ukuvikelwa ithonya elibi umphakathi wokuziphilisa wanika izingane boyars '. Babehlala e-sezindela kuze eyishumi nesithupha, bese sibuyela emhlanjini. Ngokusho besikhathi, ngalezo zinsuku abode njenge-esikoleni ngenxa Izicukuthwane kunokuba ephathelene nokuphatha izindela.

Lapha Ngahlala isikhathi eside Carion Istomin - Ukukhanyiselwa kusukela Ukraine. Ngo-1662, yena wadala amazulu ABC, kamuva wanikeza Queen Natale Kirillovne kufundza umzukulu wakhe - Prince Alexei.

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla yethempeli

Kukholakala ukuthi Selilonke Izimangaliso sezindela ifinyelele ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII. Khona-ke yayibizwa ngokuthi Lavra Omkhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngokusekelwa uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Filaret lapha ke waqala ukuthatha abafundi bayo lokuqala isiGreki Latin Academy. Ngo sacristy ka wezindela wagcina bewusizo olukhulu kakhulu tsars isiRashiya, boyars nezikhulu ezinkulu. Kwakukhona umtapo omkhulu nge amasampula elingenakuqhathaniswa yezincwadi zasendulo. Kwaba omunye depositories eziphawuleka kakhulu Russian.

Isigodlo kwadingeka amathempeli ezine. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVI (1501 g) esizeni lasendulo, kodwa adiliza ngesikhathi kokwakhiwa kwethempeli Cathedral Arhangela Mihaila. Alekseevskaya itshe isonto uvele ekupheleni kwekhulu xv. Washa izikhathi ezimbalwa, bese lavuselelwa kaningana. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, khona amakhulu wabhapathizwa izingane zaseNdlunkulu. Kwakukhona izingane ababhapathiziwe Ivan le Kubi, Alexis - yinkosi yesikhathi esizayo, uPetru mina, futhi uMbusi u-Alexander II. Adorn ezindongeni isonto izikhali ethumba yempi Russian ezithwetshulwe izimpi impi Russian-Persian ka 1816.

Church of the Annunciation Church kwakungekaNkulunkulu U-Alexis. Yakhiwa 1501 futhi zakhiwa 1826. Kulesi isonto wayethethelela lihlonishwa izinkulungwane besonto Nikolaya Chudotvortsa isithonjana.

Kodwa isonto kakhulu wosayizi omncane Yakhiwa behlonipha St. Andrew primordial.

Temple e nenkathi yamaSoviet

Ngo-1917 isonto yabhidlika kabana. UHulumeni Republic Soviet lisuswe kusuka Petrograd kuya Kremlin. Okwesikhathi esithile izindela waphila esigodlweni sezindela, kodwa lokhu endaweni kwamthukuthelisa kakhulu iziphathimandla ezintsha.

Ngo-1919 isonto yavalwa. Ekuqaleni, lapho babekwa wokubambisana "Communist" futhi wenza egumbini eqhugwaneni-ukufunda. Okuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sidluliselwe Lechsanupra, elaba nesandla impilo amalungu uHulumeni waseSoviet kanye neemphathiswa. Ngo-1929, Izimangaliso futhi Ascension Monastery ubhujiswe. Yenzeka ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo esikoleni balawuli iRed Army. Umsebenzi wokwakha yasungulwa ngu wezakhiwo Rerberg.

Ingelosi Eyinhloko Cathedral wahlupheka izinsalela St U-Alexis. Ngo-1947, ngesicelo lika-Alexis I, bayiswa Cathedral Bloch, lapho amanga namuhla. Isithonjana eyigugu kakhulu ihanjiswe ezibiyele Armoury kanye Tretyakov Igalari.

amasonto kweSonto noMbuso ezibiyele wabhubhisa ekhulwini XX

Ngeshwa, ekhulwini XX e ezibiyele lachithwa amasonto 17 ukuthi kukhona izikhumbuzo zomlando esiyingqayizivele. ibalazwe Yasendulo ezibiyele eMoscow infographics ukuvumela ukubona ukuthi kule ndawo kukhona, ngaphandle Ascension kanye Miracle Monastery, iSonto Constantine phezu waseBhetlehema, Bandla Annunciation, Cathedral of the isimo, isikhumbuzo emangalisa ukuba u-Alexander II nabanye.

Izimangaliso ukubuyisela sezindela ... Ingabe kungenzeka?

Muva nje, kwabikwa ukuthi uMongameli Russian V. Putin ngaphambilini ukubuyiselwa Voznesensky futhi Chudov zezindela.

Umsebenzi wokwakha izoqala emva pre-yokwemba. Namuhla uhlobo Ivanovo (phambilini obuwaziwa ngo-Imperial) endaweni kubonakala ababewazi. Kubonakala Amazing kanye wayebukeka ezahlukene. izithombe kwekhulu XIX kanye ezibiyele eMoscow kumephu kuphela ukunikeza umqondo wokuthi yonke into kanokusho, grand. Endaweni Isigodlo ngaphambili manje isakhiwo zingezona ezibonakalayo lesi sakhiwo 14 elisizayo, okuyinto futhi has a lot of iminyaka ukubulungisa.

Imephu ezibiyele e Moscow, uma thina abeke idayagramu ezisavuliwe wabhubhisa kuso (Chudov futhi Ascension), libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi singakanani isikhala kuhlala amathempeli ubhujiswe. Ngaphezu wendawo lapho Manje iwuMnyuziyamu 14 Corps, athatha ngaphezu kwesigamu endaweni Ivanovo (acishe Tsar Cannon).

emikhulu iphrojekthi

Ochwepheshe mlando liphefumulelwe nethemba umsebenzi esikhathini esizayo. Izimali Tretyakov Igalari ngasinda eziyisikhombisa kuphela nemidwebo ye Chudov Isigodlo, abambalwa kwezinye iminyuziyamu. Kwesobunxele, nemidwebo enemininingwane zalezi zakhiwo. Amafolda ne esiyingqayizivele, walondoloza ngokuyisimangaliso roughing imidwebo umfelokazi usosayensi othile awunika Museum of Architecture. Umyeni wakhe wazama indaba emfushane enemininingwane kakhulu futhi ukukala imininingwane zezindela. Ngokusho ubhoko Museum of Architecture, lezi imidwebo osuke ukwazi ukubuyisa uma hhayi wonke eqenjini lomculo we Isigodlo, main ukwakha kubo ngokuqinisekile.

I ezibiyele namuhla ubuyisele amahholo lasendulo we ezibiyele Palace, ukusungulwa edume Red UMpheme. Kodwa on the ukubuya ukulahlekelwa enkulu kwekhulu XX muva ososayensi nezazi-mlando akakwazanga ngisho ukuphupha ngani.

Ukuze umklamo, yokwemba, ukwakhiwa kungathatha amashumi eminyaka. Kodwa lokhu akulona iphuzu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ekugcineni ebusweni ezibiyele buyobuyiselwa.