Izilimi Peru: Sinjani isimo? Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa e Peru?

Njalo kanye empilweni yami wezwa ezweni elikude, engaqondakali, okuyinto yake yaba nezakhamuzi yi enamandla Inca impucuko, ama-Aztec futhi Mayans. Peru - enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu e-Latin America. Kundawo yayo leli lizwe lesibili kuphela mazwe amabili - Brazil ne-Argentina. inkolo Common ePeru kuyinto ubuKatolika wamaRoma. Capital - emzini Lima. I bakhona abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-32. The main izilimi - Spanish, isiQuechua, Isi-Aymara. Ngezinye izikhathi liyasetshenziswa ngesiNgisi.

Izikhangibavakashi ezweni Inca: Yiluphi ulimi okufanele ngikwazi?

Kodwa lokho limi olusemthethweni Peru - isi-Aymara, isiQuechua noma isi-Spanish? Izilimi ezisemthethweni ezimbili zokugcina - isiQuechua-Spanish. Isi-Aymara ulimi kuvamile kuphela endaweni Titicaca. Iningi labantu balapha Peru akusho ifa Izilimi zase-Europe. Ngakho-ke, labo uhlela uhambo kuleli zwe lasendulo, Kuhle ukwazi okungenani izinto eziyisisekelo olimini lweSpanishi. Noma uthathe ephaketheni Russian-Spanish yezisho.

Spanish ePeru

ukunqoba Spanish esikhathini esidlule ithonywe ukuthuthukiswa yezwe. Ikakhulu, i-Eqinisweni, lokho ulimi ePeru manje owandile. ukusatshalaliswa yayo owaqala ekhulwini xv. ELatin America ulimi lweSpanishi lihlukile European. Okokuqala, lihlukile yokubiza bendabuko. Spanish e Peru ukufana ne Andalusia nokugqamisa olusemthethweni Spanish. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izakhamuzi Andalusia babe ngu-60% inani eliphelele Spanish izifiki bazinza Ningizimu Melika ngemva kokunqotshwa.

Archaisms ka ulimi lweSpanishi

Eziningi zalezi amagama asetshenziswe abaseMexico manje kubhekwe akusebenzi ngeSpanishi yesimanje. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi pollera (elihunyushwa ngokuthi "isiketi yabesifazane") manje kubhekwe zakudala. Ngo yesimanje Spanish Peru kusenzima emhlabeni. Esinye isici esasenza Spanish ePeru - inani elikhulu amazwi, Americanisms. Futhi lendawo Spanish egcwele silulumagama bomdabu. La mazwi, walondoloza kusuka amaqembu ezilimi zendawo, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi "indihenizmami". Izibonelo - hamaka (hammock), maiz (corn), tabaco (ugwayi), tocayo (namesake), papa (amazambane).

Eqinisweni, i-Spanish ePeru ukusakaza kokuba uColumbus ethole the New World. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waqala kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni endaweni wendawo, owawungumnyaka onogqozi ukuhaha ka abanqobi. Ukuze indlela yokuhlakulela izwekazi entsha kunalokho, inkosi Spanish ngokwezimali unaphakade uhambo entsha. Ngemva kokunqotshwa ensimini ka Peru owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi okusha Castile.

IsiQuechua iqembu ulimi

Kanye-Spanish ePeru kanye nazo zamukela le ngolimi lwesiQuecha. Kwamanye amazwe, liphinde ezivamile - ku isiQuechua akhulunywa Bolivia, Argentina, eChile nakwamanye amazwe. Ingqikithi izikhulumi bomdabu eNingizimu Melika has abangaba yizigidi ezingu-8 Lolu limi olusemthethweni Peru yake zimila aboMdabu -. Ngaphambi emazweni South America bathunjwa yi conquistadors Spanish. Empeleni, isiQuechua iqembu izilimi eziningana. Ngokusho ahlukahlukene zindlela zezilimi abelwe kusukela zezigodi 2 kuya ku-4.

Ukuze ukudlulisa mail ukuze umbuso, Inca wasebenzisa indlela ekhethekile kubhala asebentisa ifindo. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "inqwaba." Okuqukethwe incwadi kungaqondakala izintambo kunokubhanqanisa, umbala wabo futhi nenombolo ngamaqhubu. Ngo 1560 kokuthi iyawakha isichazamazwi isiQuechua - ulimi lwabaningi babantu base ezweni Peru. Umbhali isichaza Domingo de Santo Tomas. IsiQuechua waba naso esalotshwa emaculweni izisekelo ulimi. Kukholakala ukuthi ulimi isiQuechua kakhulu esihlobene Isi-Aymara lwesigodi. Ezinye izazi zezilimi ukuhlanganisa nabo ku imindeni emibili emikhulu - kechumara. Abanye basikisela ukuthi ukufana kwalezi zilimi ezimbili ngenxa yokusondela khona ngekwendzawo.

Ngokomlando, ulimi Inca kwaba esebenzisa kutati abantu Andes kanye abanqobayo Spanish - wokuxhumana nabantu bendawo. manje isiQuechua wafunda kahle futhi ibhalwe ngolimi. It has imithetho nelupelomagama ngoba siyafundwa esikoleni. Kusukela ulimi Peru lasendulo naye wangena ezinye kwemali e isiRashiya, isibonelo, igama elithi "Coca" (siluhlaza esiyize Andes), "cougar", "Lama".

isiQuechua

Igama elifanayo futhi isizwe wendawo, ukuphila ngohlelo lokusebenzisa imali nsimu enkulukazi. Manje abameleli isiQuechua abantu bahlala kula mazwe alandelayo: Peru, Bolivia, enyakatho Chile nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Argentina. Ukubhala yalaba bantu kusekelwe zamagama Latin. IsiQuechua - isiko okusezingeni eliphezulu abezindaba esiyingqayizivele. umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukulima, ukuphotha, ukweluka, ubucwebe ukwenza, ukhuni ekuqopheni amatshe kanye nemfuyo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, isiQuechua eziphilayo ezigodini, ngokuvamile ukwakha izindlu eduze komunye nomunye. abantu basemadolobheni Intaba zingaxhumani. Iningi isiQuechua bengafaké zicathulo, kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile nezimbadada.

Izinkolelo abantu ezimangalisayo

Phakathi abamele isiQuechua Kusengenzeka ukuhlangabezana ababehumusha nemilingo futhi ubuqaba. AmaNdiya anobungane kakhulu izivakashi. Bangenza njengentelezi noma uthando Potion. Nokho, ziyisici Inani abanye abantu ezisolisayo. Akubalulekile zicasulwe - enye inkolelo engavamile wamukela phakathi isiQuechua. AmaNdiya akholelwa ukuthi lemimoya ngokuthi likichiri. Lokhu izidalwa otherworldly, nkolelo yabo, ukuhlasela abantu ngesikhathi sokulala futhi abancela out umzimba wabo amafutha ongama. Ephelele esiningi abantu - aba maningi amathuba okuba ukuthi ziyohlasela likichiri. Ngakho lapho isiQuechua wahlangana nomuntu okhuluphele, besaba ukuthi kude kungase likichiri. Nokho, bangase futhi ukhathazeke abangabazi emphakathini nge umzimba isilinganiso - ngokuzumayo futhi ngaphansi ukubukeka kwabo futhi ezifihlakele a werewolf ezimbi?

Lezi zinkolelo ugqozi eziningi ukwesaba izindlalifa Inca: azama ukuhlala yedwa ekhaya, futhi ngokucophelela uvala iwindi. Ukuze udla, bese uzama hhayi ukubukela isisindo ukuheha imimoya emibi, abamele abantu. Ikhishi isiQuechua exotic ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulungiselela izitsha ezivela Guinea izingulube - labo ezifuywayo, ajwayelekile kithi. Akuwona wonke izivakashi bangavumelana ukuyizama.

IsiQuechua kungaba jabulisa kanye nezinye izitsha. Kodwa kubo bonke ngomoya wabo wokungenisa izihambi beyakugcina ukuthi isivakashi sawo udla kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi awukudla esihlwabusayo kungenzeka, kungcono hhayi udla kakhulu izivakashi izinkampani Indian.

Kancane mayelana nesimo se-Inca

Inca isizwe saqala lasungulwa emhlabeni ekhulwini XI ensimini yase-Andes. Ama-Inca Sakwazi ukwakha umbuso njengomuntu onethonya elikhulu kakhulu XIV - xv leminyaka. umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko kwaba ukulima mihlangano. I abaMhlophe bokuqala nabo bamangaliswa ukujula lo mbuso omkhulu. amahemuhemu abaningi ukuthi state ngokungavamile idolobha ocebile El Dorado. Ngenxa yalokhu, lapha siqala ukufika ukushukunyiswa ubugovu baseYurophu.

ukubaluleka okukhulu emphilweni Inca labetibambile inkolo. nezinkolelo ezihlukile kwezakhe Benziwe ezindaweni ezahlukene isimo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukukhulekela Inca totem ezaziwayo. Futhi okudume kakhulu kwaba yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi amadlozi. Kukholakala ukuthi waya ogwini ezweni kungathinta ukukhiqiza, futhi ukukhuthaza inhlanhla. Ama-Inca zakha izindawo zokuhlala kwabo izinhlobo ezahlukene itshe - basalt limestone kanye diorite. Inca izindlu babe nesizotha, azange abe Ohhavini kuzo.

Ulimi Isi-Aymara

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa e Peru, ngaphezu Spanish futhi isiQuechua ngokwezinga? Okunye igama lomndeni aymaranskih izilimi - Khaki. Vele gaba 7 Isi-Aymara sigodzi, abanye ososayensi nazo kubhekwe njengento izilimi ehlukile. Kuyinto efanayo kakhulu eBolivia Isi-Aymara lwesigodi of isiQuechua Cuzco isiQuechua. izikhulumi bomdabu abantu mayelana 2 million. Futhi, ulimi lwesigodi olusemthethweni eBolivia. Phakathi abezindaba kuyinto ubunikazi evame kakhulu ezilimini ezimbili noma ezintathu: Isi-Aymara, isiQuechua-Spanish.

Isi-Aymara abantu: izici yalelozwe

Isi-Aymara - lena igama lolimi hhayi kuphela. Ngakho wabiza abantu, naye uhlala e-Andes. Abameleli abantu futhi bahlale engxenyeni esentshonalanga Bolivia, enyakatho Chile izindawo eningizimu Peru. imisebenzi Traditional Isi-Aymara - kukhona ezolimo, yokusansimbi, ukukhiqizwa izikebhe, kanye ukutshala izitshalo coca.

Phakathi abamele abantu Isi-Aymara yokutholwa umqondo engavamile kakhulu isikhathi bezibona. Entshonalanga kukhona projection womuntu ajwayelekile - it lisikisela ukuthi ikusasa itholakala phambi futhi esidlule, ngokulandelana - ngemuva. Nokho, ngendlela engavamile Isi-Aymara okuphambene. Igama esimele esidlule, liyasetshenziswa ukhombise isikhundla "phambili". Ubufakazi lo mqondo futhi isenzo yezakhamuzi zendawo - abantu ikakhulukazi amadala. Nokho, eziningi zanamuhla lweSpanishi Isi-Aymara bayazazi imiqondo Western kwabantu. Ithi phezu reorientation endleleni yokucabanga abamele ezincani Isi-Aymara.