Izifo ukuzwa futhi umbono: izinhlobo, izimbangela, ukwelashwa, zokuvimbela

Umuntu othambekele ukubona nokuzwa ubuhle emhlabeni. Kuyinto ngemehlo uthola mayelana 90% ulwazi, futhi sibonga ukuzwa siyaqonda umsindo nezwe. Lokubaluleke kakhulu kuba isimo sempilo kwazo lezi zitho ukuze indoda Ungaphila impilo egcwele. Cabangela umbono isifo nokuzwa okuncane okwengeziwe, ukutadisha izimbangela, ukwelashwa, futhi nezindlela zokuzivikela.

Izinhlobo yezifo

Izinhlaka umbono izinhlamvu ziqala ukwakheka ngesikhathi lapho ingane esibelethweni. Isikhathi enzima kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa - lena eneminyaka engu-1 kuya eminyakeni emi-5. I inhlamvu yeso ekhula iminyaka engu-14-15. Eminyakeni 2-3, kwakheka ukuhamba iso, kuba ngalesi yobudala zingavela engu- okotshani.

Kufeza indima ebalulekile isici zenani elikhulu eziyifa kanye kwezempilo jikelele. Ukucasuka, ukukhathala, ukucindezeleka kwemizwa akugcini nje nethonya yabo ku isimiso sezinzwa, kodwa, njengoba kufakazelwa ososayensi, izimbangela zezifo isitho.

Nazi ezinye izinhlobo izifo iso ukuthi kukhona ezivamile:

1. Myopia, noma ukubona eduze. Lokhu kungapheleli umbono lapho isithombe ayakhekanga kuyi-retina, kodwa phambi kwakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, izinto kuyabonakala ukuthi sekuseduze, kanye ezimbi - nalezo zikude. Ngokuvamile eba entsheni. Uma ungenawo aphathe lesi sifo, iqhubeka futhi kungaholela abalulekile umbono ukulahlekelwa kanye nokukhubazeka.
2. Hyperopia noma ezikude kuphela. lapho kwakhiwa Lokhu kungapheleli umbono isithombe ngemuva retina. Lapho esemusha, isithombe esicacile bungatholakala esebenzisa yokuhlala ukungezwani. Abantu abahlushwa izifo ezifana, ne uhlobo iso ngokuvamile ikhanda elingapheli.
3. Squint noma strabismus. Lokhu kungukuphula ekuhambisaneni we-eksisi okubonakalayo kokubili amehlo. Isici esiyinhloko - ke azilingani isikhundla corneas isihlobo kuya emagumbini futhi emaphethelweni Isivalo. Strabismus kungaba azalwa naso noma bathenga.
4. Astigmatism. Isici umbono lapho ifomu ephukile ye-cornea noma lens iso, ukuze umuntu ulahlekelwa ikhono ukubona isithombe esicacile. Uma iyekwa ingelashwa, ingaholela ngisho neconsi abukhali noma strabismus.
5. Nystagmus, noma amehlo jitter wabonakaliswa nokuguqulwa oscillation zamehlo.
6. Amblyopia. Lokhu kungapheleli lihlotshaniswa ukwehla umbono, ayikwazi ukulungiswa usebenzisa lens noma izibuko.
7. Lolu ngwengwezi lwakheka zinezikhathi a ingaphazamisi lens iso.
8. I-glaucoma. Lesi sifo sihlobene ne okuqhubekayo noma ngezikhathi ingcindezi intraocular. Ngenxa yalokho, encishisiwe acuity ezibukwayo, futhi optic nerve yoma.
9. Ikhompyutha iso syndrome. Libhekene ukuzwela, amehlo omile, ubuhlungu, umbono double.
10. Conjunctivitis. Libhekene ukuvuvukala ulwelwesi ukumboza inhlamvu yeso futhi leso kusukela iso.

Lezi yizinto ezimbalwa nje lesi sifo ukuthi kuhlobane ngokuqondile analyzer ezibukwayo.

Izimbangela zezifo zomzimba

Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa yisiphi isifo kufanele abe izizathu zabo, yebo, zingabantu izifo iyatholakala futhi iso.

1. Myopia. izizathu:

• Spasm yokuhlala.
• Ukushintsha ukuma cornea.
• I displacement we lens ngenxa yokulimala.
• Sclerosis lens, okuyinto sici asebekhulile.

2. Izizathu hyperopia:

• Usayizi ukuncipha yeso, + kangangokuthi bonke abantwana kude ababona ngokucacile. Ingane ikhula, futhi nalo yeso kuze iminyaka 14-15, ngakho ngeminyaka, le nkinga inganyamalala.
• Inciphisa ikhono lens ukushintsha ugobile. Lokhu kungapheleli livela yokuguga.

3. strabismus. izizathu:

• Ukulimala.
• Hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, medium and okusezingeni eliphezulu.
• Tifo letibangwa isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko.
• Ukukhubazeka.
• Ukucindezeleka.
• emqondweni, ukwesaba.
• Anomalies yentuthuko kanye okunamathiselwe kwemisipha iso.
• Izifo ezithathelwanayo.
• izifo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo.
• Ukwehla elibukhali umbono kwelinye iso.

4. Izimbangela astigmatism:

• Ngokuvamile, lokhu isici singesabo azalwa naso futhi akakubangeli ngokuphazamisa iningi.
• ukulimala iso.
• isifo corneal.
• kokungenela Steel phezu inhlamvu yeso.

5. Ukwesaba amehlo. Izizathu zimi kanje:

• ubuthakathaka azalwa naso noma bathenga mbono.
• Ubuthi izidakamizwa.
• Ukunqotshwa kwe-cerebellum, pituitary indlala noma oblongata medulla.

6. Amblyopia zingenzeka uma kukhona:

• Strabismus.
• yofuzo.

7. Cataract. Izizathu zimi kanje:

• Kushisa bhé kule ndawo.
• Ukulimala.
• Ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela.
• ukuguga yemvelo.

8. I-glaucoma kwenzeka ngenxa yesizathu esilandelayo:

• Ukwandiswa ingcindezi intraocular.

9. Computer Vision Syndrome. Izizathu zihlobene igama:

• Umthelela ongemuhle emisebeni yama-computer neyama ithelevishini.
• Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nemithetho ukukhanyisa emsebenzini kanye nokufunda.

10. Conjunctivitis has yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Yokungezwani komzimba.
• izifo eziningi.
• ukuhlaselwa Chemical.
• Umonakalo.

Singaphetha ngokuthini izifo ezahlukene eziningi indlela iso, kanye nezizathu nentuthuko yabo njalo kuyoba.

Ukulapha nokuvikela izifo isitho

Ukuze ekwelapheni izifo isitho wokubonakala esetshenziswa:

1. Spectacle ukulungiswa.
2. Contact lens.
3. Imithi.
4. izinqubo athole ukwelashwa komzimba.
5. Gymnastics zamehlo.
6. Kwezinye izimo ukuhlinzwa.

Ukuze uvimbele okuvela isifo samehlo, kumele imithetho eziningana waphawula:

• Nciphisa umthelela izici ezingezinhle. Ukukhanyisa kufanele kube kukhanye kakhulu futhi akusho dazzle iso. Uma usebenza kukhompyutha, noma umsebenzi wakho ehlangene yokuthi kufanele nzima amehlo akho, kufanele bathathe ikhefu njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engu 15-20. Zivocavoce zamehlo. Ukubuka ithelevishini, futhi, kumele kuphazamisekile ngezikhathi. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-3 ubudala is hhayi Kunconywa ukubukela i-TV.
• Ukuzivocavoca, kuholele yokuphila asebenzayo. Hamba ngangokunokwenzeka ngezinyawo. Ukuvivinya umzimba kumele kube amaminithi 150 ngesonto.
• Dedela imikhuba emibi. Quit smoking, futhi ingozi ngwengwezi iwe izikhathi eziningana.
• Ukufunda ukubhekana nokucindezeleka. Ukucwatha nokuthula kuzosiza ukulondoloza impilo.
• Kuyadingeka ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo sikashukela. Ibhekane sokuhlolwa njalo.
• Lawula isisindo sakho. isisindo okweqile kuholela ekwandeni e kashukela, okungukuthi, isifo sikashukela singalimaza kakhulu ukuba zimbi kakhulu umbono kule isifo.
• Yidla kwesokudla. Thatha amavithamini.

Uma ulandela le mithetho elula ke amehlo zomhlaba izohlala abukhali futhi icacile.

Isexwayiso! Uma ubhekana nezinkinga umbono kufanele kudokotela-ophthalmologist.

iziphetho eziningana ngalo mbono, ukubheka isifo ukuzwa. Kusukela ukuzwa futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwebantfu. Ikhono ukuzwa futhi abone imisindo emhlabeni kwenza ukuphila licace futhi acebile.

Yiziphi isifo indlebe

Zonke izifo ezihlobene nesifo indlebe, zingahlukaniswa zibe amaqembu amaningana.

1. Okuvuthayo. Ehamba ubuhlungu, suppuration, pruritus, mhlawumbe imfiva, ukuzwa ukungakhuli. Lokhu izifo ezifana otitis abezindaba, labyrinthitis.
2. Noninflammatory. Kuhambisane Ukuwohloka ukuzwa, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, tinnitus. Lezi izifo: otosclerosis, nesifo i-Meniere sika.
3. izifo fungal. osenyameni alandisa kusukela indlebe, ukulunywa, futhi tinnitus. Inkinga lesi sifo kungaholela sepsis.
4. Izifo ezibangwa ukuhlukumezeka. Kontwentwesi ngenxa ngokomzimba ukuzikhandla noma umfutho okhuphuka ngokungazelelwe.
   

Lawa izifo eziyinhloko isitho ukuzwa, kanye nokuvimbela yabo kuncishiswe ingozi yokuthola izifo.

ezintweni ezingezinhle ezithinta ukuzwa

Kukhona izifo, okuyiwona kungaba nomphumela ongemuhle ukuzwa. Phakathi kwabo, siphawula okulandelayo:

• Izifo ukuzwa.
• Meningitis.
• Umkhuhlane.
• Idiphtheria.
• Sinusitis.
• rhinitis njalo.
• Umkhuhlane.
• Isimungumungwane.
• Ugcunsula.
• imfiva Scarlet.
• Mumps.
• rheumatoid arthritis.
• Ukucindezeleka.

Njengoba singabona kusukela uhlu izifo eziyingozi eziningi, inani elikhulu izifo sihlupheka ebuntwaneni.

Izinkinga uhlaka ukuzwa ezinganeni

izifo ezivamile ezingezona izithulu. Okuvame kakhulu wabo - kuyinto otitis abezindaba. Eziyingozi hhayi nje kwesifo ngokwaso, kanye nezinkinga ezingase ziphakame ngenxa yokwelashwa engafanele noma zife. izifo indlebe ezinganeni kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa futhi ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso semizwa esiyinhloko.

Uma sicabanga nokwakheka analyzer acoustic e ingane, bekuyoba ukuchaza kwengozi ukuqhubeka kwesifo kwifomu ezingamahlalakhona. Usayizi tube Eustachian ubanzi kakhulu futhi mfushane kunaleyo umuntu omdala. It uxhuma ngalo ingaphakathi futhi zokuphefumula izifo nasopharynx futhi tympanic, okuyinto bavame ukukhungatheka kakhulu kangangokuba zinakekela izingane ezigulayo, ngokuyinhloko ukuwela nasopharynx. Ngenxa esifushane futhi ububanzi Eustachian tube ukutheleleka kalula ukuwela indlebe ingaphakathi. Otitis aqala emzimbeni kusuka ngaphakathi, ngakho lokuvikela izifo ebaluleke kakhulu ezingezona izithulu.

Kubalulekile kakhulu ukufundisa ingane ukushaya emakhaleni akhe, ukuze isikhwehlela kusukela ekhaleni akusho hit endlebeni. Kuyadingeka ukuba phusha emakhaleni ngesikhathi.

Ngo izinsana, regurgitation kungaholela abezindaba otitis, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugcina ingane uqotho kokusuthisa. Izingane ngokuvamile amanga, kanti uma unanoma amakhala yisisu noma pipsqueak ngokuvamile ukubhodla, kumelwe ngokuvamile ngimgcine abaqotho embhedeni ukuze ujike ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye, enikeza kungenzeka ukutheleleka ukungena ingaphakathi tympanic.

Futhi adenoid izicubu overgrowth angase avuse ukuvuvukala, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kubangele kokuzwa ukungakhuli. Udinga isikhathi aphathe rhinitis, Izifo ukuvuvukala womphimbo.

Ukwelashwa kwezifo indlebe

Uma unezinkinga izitho ukuzwa, ukubona udokotela, Otolaryngologist.

Okwamanje, kunezindlela eziningi ngempumelelo zokwelapha lezi zifo. Kuye imbangela isifo uzobe yokwelapha kunikezelwe.

Ngokwesibonelo, Izifo ukuvuvukala iphathwa kokuzwa izidakamizwa nezokusigcoba wasebenzisa izidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala futhi anti-virus.

isifo Noninflammatory ngokuvamile ziphatha izinqubo zokuhlinza.

Kusukela izinkinga fungal izindlebe ukuhlukana ngokuqhubekayo usebenzisa izidakamizwa antifungal. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa anakekele izindlebe zakho.

izifo Obungapheli ziphathwa, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo umonakalo.

isifo indlebe kungaba avuse izifo zokuphefumula hhayi kuphela. Kwabanye, kuyinselele okhokhelwayo. Noise phezu komuntu kunethonya elikhulu, kuhlanganise isimiso sezinzwa, zenhliziyo futhi yebo ukuzwa.

izifo Occupational kokuzwa

Kukhona ubuchwepheshe eminingi, okuyinto imiphumela eyingozi umsindo. Lokhu abasebenzi embonini, ngosuku ukusebenza kulo wadalula umsindo ezinzima ekuqhubeni umshini amathuluzi nemishini. Izincwajana zemininingwane abashayeli ugandaganda abashayeli wadalula vibration eqinile, esithinta izitho ekuzweni.

kumdumo kuthinta ukusebenza umuntu kanye nempilo yakhe. Kuyangicasula cortex cerebral, kanjalo okubangela ukukhathala okusheshayo, ukulahlekelwa ukunakwa, futhi lokhu kungase kuholele ekulimaleni emsebenzini. Umuntu onamandla Ufika esetshenziswa umsindo futhi buthule kwenzekani ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa, okungaveza ubuthulu. Nanenkinga izitho zangaphakathi, ungashintsha amavolumu zabo, ukugaya siyabhubha.

Kodwa umsindo akukhona nje ukuthi imbangela emsebenzini izifo ukuzwa. Esinye isizathu - kungcono ingcindezi amathonsi nokuchayeka ezinobuthi. Ngokwesibonelo, ubungcweti diver. I eardrum kuyinto sonke isikhathi ngaphansi zangaphandle ingcindezi amathonsi, futhi uma ungenalo bathobele imithetho wokusebenza, kungase liqhume.

Ngaphansi ukuchayeka njalo ezinobuthi noma enemisebe kuyaphazamiseka kwegazi endlebeni engaphakathi, ukudakwa kwenzeka futhi lokhu kuphakamisa izifo emsebenzini.

Lesi sifo ezivamile - a neuritis we sokuzwa emsipheni ubuthulu. isifo indlebe zingaphazamisa umsebenzi vestibular futhi abangele izifo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo isimiso sezinzwa. Ikakhulukazi uma ungenawo uqale ukwelashwa kusaqalwa yentuthuko isifo.

Kubalulekile kakhulu ukulandela imithetho ekuvimbeleni izifo ukuzwa abantu abasebenza ezimweni ezinjalo. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba impilo yabantu.

Nokuvinjelwa kwezifo of analyzer sokuzwa

amandla zawo wonke umuntu, kulandela ezinye izincomo ukugcina izindlebe zabo enempilo nezindlebe - abukhali futhi icacile. Ukuvimbela iziyaluyalu kokuzwa kuhlanganisa le mithetho elandelayo:

1. Sebenzisa siqu imishini zokuzivikela: earplugs, ama-headphone, nezigqoko, namabhantshi endaweni enomsindo nokuvimbela izifo emsebenzini. Ibhekane Luhlolo professional njalo, ukuze bagcine umbuso yomsebenzi kanye nokuphumula.
2. Isikhathi esijwayelekile uswidi indlebe neziyaluyalu, kanye nekhala nomphimbo. Kuyinto self engamukeleki.
3. Zama ukunciphisa izinga umsindo yasekhaya lapho esebenza ekhaya Imishini, amathuluzi ukwakhiwa kanye nemishini, ukusetshenziswa headphones noma earplugs.
4. Khawulela isikhathi ukusetshenziswa futhi plug -in-indlebe qapha.
5. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuthatha inkambo imithi, ufunde imiyalelo futhi uhambisane Isikali ngokuqinile.
6. Lapho lesi sifo Umkhuhlane futhi zokuphefumula izifo umbhede ukuphumula.
7. Sifike ngesikhathi ukuvakashelwa Ochwepheshe uma kukhona izinkinga kanye nokuzwa futhi ethukile uhlelo izifo.
8. Ukuvimbela kokuzwa iziyaluyalu - ngokuyinhloko inhlanzeko.

Ukuhlanzeka ukuzwa futhi umbono

Izifo, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa angeke kuvinjelwe ngaphandle inhlanzeko.

Hlanza ezindlebeni kuyadingeka ukufundisa ingane kusukela zisencane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izinti indlebe. Kuyadingeka ukuba uhlanze indlebe futhi asuse Ukukhetha, uma ikhona. Awukwazi Abasunduzani a q-ithiphu endlebeni emseleni, ngaleyo ndlela-plug indlebe.

Kuyadingeka ukuvikela izindlebe kusuka hypothermia, umsindo ezimbonini kanye yasendlini, ukugwema ithonya izinto eziyingozi.

Okubalulekile! Ukuvimbela kokuzwa iziyaluyalu ukulondoloza impilo kanye nekhono uzwe umculo zomhlaba.

buka Impilo wukuthi:

• Unake ahlanzekile.
• Ukuze bazivikele othulini, ukulimala, amakhemikhali ukusha.
• Lapho ukusebenza ithuluzi eyingozi ukusebenzisa amagogolo ukuphepha.
• Bagcine imodi ukukhanyisa.
• Ukuze silondoloze umbono omuhle kuyadingeka ukuthi ekudleni bonke babengaphansi amavithamini. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela nabo kungaholela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene iso futhi ongaboni.

Konke lokhu izincomo kanye nezeluleko kukhona ingenzeka. Uma ngabe zihambisana ke izindlebe namehlo akho isikhathi eside ngeke bahlale bephilile futhi sithokozise wena nge izithombe nemisindo emhlabeni ezungeze.