Izici zanamuhla zokuxhumana

Uma uthi nhlá, imiqondo le kungase kubonakale kuyahambisana, kodwa anezincazelo ezingafani nhlobo.

Cipher iyindlela ukuguqulela mininingwane ukuze awuvikele abasebenzisi nesanktsionnovanih. Isayensi ukuthi ufunda izindlela nezindlela ukubethelwa kwedatha ngokuthi indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokomlando ezingxenyeni indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo ezinye luyingxenye imigomo umkhosi: kuhlasela isitha, ikhodi, njll - zibonisa ngokunembile okushiwo imiqondo efanele. Nokho, amagama lempi, esekelwe elithi "Ikhodi" akuhlangene ne indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo theory, ngoba kula mashumi eminyaka amuva elakhiwe theory esephepheni - insimu enkulu ngokwesayensi ukuthi izifundo futhi ithuthukisa izindlela yokuvikela ulwazi kusuka okuvela amaphutha okungahleliwe imigudu yokuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, bathi "esephepheni - uhlobo ukubethela" akulona iqiniso.

Ifaka ikhodi kanye ukubethela kuhlobene, kodwa ngasinye salezi izinqubo kunenjongo lalo. Imininingwane esephepheni wenziwa ukuze akwazi ukuhlinzeka ulwazi ngokuvumelana nezimiso ezithile ifomu efanelekayo ukudluliswa phezu isiteshi esithile. Umnyombo yiluphi uhlelo lokufaka ikhodi iyona notation zezibalo njengoba ukuqoshwa amaphethini, esekelwe iyiphi bengathola iyiphi inombolo amakhodi ezahlukene. Ngokuvamile, amakhodi amelela izintambo amaqanda kanambambili nabathandekayo (ukuqoshwa zimo, kungokwemvelo ukusebenzisa uma uhambisa nokugcina ulwazi namakhompyutha).

ukubethelwa kwedatha - indlela zokuguqula ulwazi Ukuvikelwa AI ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Ngakho, isigijimi lubhalwe ngemfihlo ukuze lube engaqondakali, futhi code - ukuhlala ecacile ngisho nangemva ukudluliselwa isiteshi zokuxhumana, okungase ehlaselwe umsindo. Coding Imininingwane kufanele kuncishiswe uhlamvu umbhalo nge inani elilinganiselwe izinhlamvu (ie, esephepheni kufanele kube elilungile), futhi ukuthola amaphutha lesifanele e ukuwudlulisa ukugcinwa kolwazi (esephepheni kufanele kube zokulungisa).

Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna kudlule ulwazi isixhumanisi ezithile, ukuze ngesikhathi okukhipha ukuthola ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa imfihlo kudingeka ukuhlanganisa kokubili inqubo ukuguqulwa, okuyilezi:

- Dlulisa umlayezo ezinye ohlelweni inombolo (ngezinye izikhathi ngokwanele ibe kanambambili uhlelo notation, kodwa kukhona abanye, isib, binomial, fibonachieva njll);

- Bethela umyalezo (kukhona izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukubethela, kusukela ukusungulwa amakhodi ifinyelela endulo);

- umyalezo Tholakele ngekhodi ukuba okubhalwe ukuze okukhiphayo umlayezo kube oyingqayizivele ukukhishwa;

- ukunquma umyalezo kumele achaze namaphutha lesifanele ezenzeka phakathi ukudluliselwa umyalezo;

- ukususa ukubhala umyalezo ngokuvumelana ukubethela eyenziwa (leyo Umthumeli nomemukeli kufanele uqale uvume inqubo yokubhala ngemfihlo). Njengomthetho, le nqubo siqukethe indlela jikelele, futhi ukuphatha "isihluthulelo". Isihluthulelo siwukuba isethi idatha belinganisa ukuguqulwa ezithile sebuningini ukuguqulwa cipher;

- Tholakele yokudlulisa umyalezo kusukela etholwe inombolo uhlelo kwasekuqaleni.

Ngakho, ukuvikelwa kanye olunembile yokudlulisa ulwazi adinga kakhulu. Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe computer enamandla lula kakhulu le nqubo, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ukuqhaqha umyalezo, ikakhulukazi uma ukhiye ayaziwa ngosizo ubuchwepheshe. Ngenxa izithiyo iziteshi kolwazi ingahlanekezeka, ngakho ngekusebentisa emasu lafana esephepheni ukuthi sikwazi ukubona futhi ulungise iphutha.

Ngakho, phezu umyalezo wokuxhumana ngocansi. Umlayezo wathola is kuhlolelwe ukubekwa inani amayunithi: uma isibalo kuyinto ngisho amayunithi ezenza ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi azikho amaphutha, futhi lapho kulungiswa ukwenqaba idijithi yokugcina. Uma isibalo amayunithi lingalingani, umlayezo othunyelwe ezinamaphutha. Ububi le ndlela ukuthi ikuvumela ukubona amaphutha kuphela ngaphandle uzikhuza, kuyilapho ikhodi ukuphindaphinda akuyona kuthola kuphela kodwa futhi ilungisa amaphutha.

Ngakho, ngamunye yezindlela ezilandelayo esephepheni has Nokho, nezihibe, lezi izindlela ukudlala ukubaluleka okukhulu esephepheni ithiyori ziyisisekelo ekwakheni amakhodi neliphelele kunalelo. Esikhathini sethu, asetshenziswa amakhodi Hamming, Nagoya, Reed -Myullera, Hadamard, njll ..

Ngokulinganiswa Ciphers kanjani ukuvikela ulwazi ezintweni ezifana nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kusho kukhona izindlela ezimbalwa ngalo ungakwazi uhlukanise Ciphers. Ngokuvamile, ngezigaba eziyisisekelo kubhekwa:

a) elinganiselwe ukusetshenziswa Ciphers;

b) Ciphers ngokusetshenziswa zomphakathi Ukhiye;

c) amakhodi-ukwabelana ukhiye wangasese.

Ngo-1963, isazi sezibalo American Klod Shennon efanana wahlakulela ucwaningo cipher izibalo kugomela ukuthi zonke Ciphers classical izingxenye njengoba ejwayelekile kukhona izindlela ezilandelayo ukubethela njengoba amakhodi futhi Ciphers ukuxuba kusakazeka.

SUMMARY cipher ukuhlakazwa iwukuba usabalalise umthombo komsebenzi okuyinto e ezahlukene ezindaweni plaintext. Ngenxa yale njongo, nge esikhundleni senombolo ezilinganiselwe izakhi P, okuyinto ukhiye engaziwa. Ngakho, inani okhiye kungenzeka ilingana P.

Lapho ziqala usebenzisa esikhundleni ephambene. ukubethela enjalo, nakuba akuphazamisi ukuvama izinhlamvu, kodwa ufihle ukuvama bigrams, trigrams, njll .. Ingqikithi yalo kuhlangana cipher iwukuba ubudlelwane phakathi ukhiye bese umbhalo ukubethela ukwenza uyinkimbinkimbi ngangokunokwenzeka. ukusebenzisa kangcono endaweni amayunithi izimpawu eziningana zamagama umyalezo, yize-ke kuholela yokuthi ukhiye kuba isikhathi eside.

Ukwakha Cryptology yesimanje njengoba isayensi isekelwe nesigcino amaqiniso nemiqondo wezibalo, i-physics, ulwazi theory , njll .. Nokho, naphezu yinkimbinkimbi, ngokuchichima theory kwentuthuko Cryptology kabanzi ngayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ezifana amakhadi epulasitiki, e-mail, ibhange lokukhokha izinhlelo, lapho umuntu eba yolwazi, amasistimu e-elekthronikhi ukuvota, njll ..