IVolga: indawo. Incazelo River iVolga

Kufike emfuleni omkhulu, kufanele siziphathele amanzi ayo kusukela Valdai Hills kuya iCaspian Sea, omunye wemikhumbi imithambo elikhulu ezweni lethu - kuba iVolga. Indawo Geographical ukunikeza ngendima ayidlala ukuthuthukiswa wezohwebo ukusungulwa emadolobheni amakhulu sezizwe zakwa Slavic. IVolga - emfuleni elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu. Futhi namhlanje luhlala mbo obalulekile fresh amanzi kanye nogesi ezokuthutha umugqa futhi sisondela uhlangothi lwalo we isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa abavakashi. Likuphi eMfuleni iVolga , futhi yiziphi izici zayo? Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi.

IVolga: indawo

Umfula lihlotshiswe ingxenye European wezwe lakithi. A uyihlumela elincane isiteshi esikhulu kugeleza ensimini ka Kazakhstan. Istok iVolga Itholakala Valdai Hills (229 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle). Njengoba kukholelwa kanjalo ngokuvamile, umfula onamandla iqala eduze nedolobhana Volgoverkhovye Tver esifundeni. IVolga umcengezi ithatha cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu insimu European yeRussia. Lolo hide luqala ngo Valdai futhi Central Russian upland kuze kube Urals.

IVolga kubhekwa emfuleni omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni, hhayi ukuwela ulwandle. amanzi abo athwala kuya oLwandle iCaspian, obhekisela echibini. Ubude emfuleni - 3530 km, ukuwa Imininingwane -. 256 m iVolga umcengezi ihlanganisa indawo engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-amakhilomitha square.

River Omkhulu ingahlukaniswa ibe izingxenye ezintathu: phezulu (kusukela umthombo umlomo Oka), eliphakathi (kusukela soMfula Oka ukuze confluence we Kama), ngezansi (kusukela soMfula Kama ukuze yoLwandle iCaspian).

umthombo

Umfula evela ukhiye ezivela ixhaphozi eduze nedolobhana Volgoverkhovye. Eduze ethempelini yakhiwe. kakhulu Umthombo iVolga itholakala ngaphansi kwendlu ka indlwana encane sokhuni ezisekelweni zezingodo. Inama ifasitela ekhethekile lapho Ketha futhi avunyelwe ukuphuza amanzi.

Ngemva cishe ezintathu ukusuka umthombo iVolga ageleza ngokushintshana e namachibi amabili, kuqala Verkhita encane, bese ngo-Big Verkhita. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yayo itholakala ngokusebenzisa kwesigubhu engenhla. Leli chibi yokuqala enkulu, okuqondene ke - ke Sterzh. IVolga ngomfutho omkhulu lihlasela amanzi awo ngokushesha, ngaphandle ukuxuba, Onqobayo kubo. Kuthiwa uma libalele ingabe uyabona ukuthi umfula ugeleza khona phakathi echibini.

engenhla iVolga

Ngaphambi nokwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi emfuleni ubude babuyizingalo eside futhi kwaba 3690 km. Idamu lokuqala ngomfula itholakala emva Verkhnevolzhskiye Lakes (Sterzh, Vselug, Peno, eVolga). Yakhiwa ngo-1843. On the Upper iVolga amadamu akhiwe ezimbalwa namuhla: Ivankovskoe (ngemuva kwalokhu ozobizwa Sea eMoscow, kuye fanele isitshalo emifula ngasemzini Dubna), Uglich, Rybinsk, Gorky (sise Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod ngenhla).

Eyokuqala edolobheni elikhulu umthombo komfula - Rzhev. On the Upper iVolga abanjalo imizi yasendulo njengoba Kostroma, Tver, Uglich futhi Yaroslavl. Kugeleza oluwumbukwane, kuba imidlalo kabanzi ke ayisesemikhulu phakathi amabhange emaweni.

I nemingenela eyinhloko emfuleni kulesi sigaba: Selizharovka, Ngibambeni, Kotorosl, Tvertsa, Mologa, Sheksna, Unzha.

phakathi iVolga

Ngemva confluence emfuleni Oka ageleza emaphethelweni kwesokudla iVolga upland. Lapha kuba abami kubonakale ngaphezulu. Ibhange kwesokudla iVolga okusezingeni eliphezulu, washiya okufanayo - ongaphakeme.

Umuzi Cheboksary kuyinto edamini emifula, esemgwaqweni ngenhla kwesigubhu.

I nemingenela eyinhloko emfuleni kulesi sigaba: Oka, Sura, Vetluga, Sviyaga.

aphansi iVolga

amandla aso agcwele namandla emfuleni emva confluence we Kama kwabavoti. Kulesi ingxenye, yiyo kanye le iVolga izinkalo. Skirting le Zhiguli Izintaba, iVolga lwakha Samara Bend. Kuyinto kancane ephakeme ukwedlula Kuibyshev kwesigubhu (ke adjoins Zhiguli Hydropower isitshalo). Balakovo eduze komfula imele Saratov HPP. Esifundeni Volgograd River osondela Don. ngenhla nje edolobheni uyashiywa emikhonweni yakhe yangakwesokunxele, Akhtuba. ubude bayo - 537 km. Phakathi kwesitaladi sawo nomfula emikhonweni salo okuthiwa iVolga-Akhtubinskaya uzamcolo ethafeni, ehlanganisa inqwaba mapayipi.

Budebuduze Volgograd, endaweni umfula phakathi kwedolobhakazi kanye ekuqaleni Akhtuba itholakala Volzhskaya HPP futhi Volgograd kwesigubhu.

Nemingenela lomfula ngalesi indawo mncane impela. Lokhu juice, Samara, Omkhulu Irgiz Eruslan.

umlomo iVolga

Esikhathini ndawo eduze Don emfuleni ematfuba bese ugelezela okwengeziwe uya eningizimu-mpumalanga kuze kube confluence yoLwandle iCaspian. Ngesikhathi phuzu lapho isiteshi esikhulu ehlukanisiwe Ahtuba iqala delta iVolga. Ihlanganisa indawo cishe 19.000 Amakhilomitha square. Delta 500 kuhlanganisa imikhono. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo - ke Akhtuba Bakhtemir, Kamyzyak, Staraya iVolga, Bolda, Buzan. Ingalo wesibili ka wathi ngokuqhubekayo zigcinwe efanelekayo lokuthumela futhi yakha iVolga-iCaspian siteshi. Kigach, nakho ingenye izingalo emfuleni, unqamula endaweni ka-Kazakhstan.

I iVolga Delta kubhekwa enkulu eYurophu. Kuwo wonke umlando, kushintshile isikhundla salo futhi lokungcolisa. Delta uhlobo yesimanje kwakhiwa emhlabeni AD III ekhulwini, lapho isiteshi ubudala wayengakwazi ukuba ubhekane nezingcindezi elithé yamanzi. Kule minyaka engu-130 edlule, kwanciphisela ezingeni yoLwandle iCaspian. Ngenxa yalokho, phakathi nalesi sikhathi kwendawo delta liye landa ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-9 izikhathi.

Ngezinye umlomo iVolga lingumuzi nelokugcina emfuleni - Astrakhan. Itholakala kwi iziqhingi nanye engxenyeni engenhla semifula.

Amandla kanye Mode

River iVolga, isikhundla ezindawo ka okuzoxoxwa ngenhla, phambi ukwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi libhekene iyehla iyenyuka okuphawulekayo ezingeni (ngezansi umlomo Kama bafika 17 m). Namuhla, ezifana amathonsi sina ochithekile kungukuthi uyalandelwa.

Okunengi amandla emfuleni ewela iqhwa-amanzi (60%). indima ebalulekile kule nqubo futhi ukudlala emvuleni (10%) kanye emhlabathini (30%) "Okungenayo". Kuwo wonke unyaka iVolga sidlula kugucuka eziningana ngokulandelana. Entwasahlobo (Ephreli kuya kuJuni) iyisikhukhula. Ehlobo nasebusika ezingeni emfuleni abahlukene encishisiwe. Ekwindla (ngokuvamile ngo-Okthoba) kukhona izikhukhula imvula.

Ezinyangeni olufudumele lokushisa lamanzi emfuleni ifinyelela 25º. I iVolga zilimaze engxenyeni engenhla futhi phakathi, ngokuvamile ngo-November, ezansi - uDisemba. Mahhala leqhwa emfuleni ngaphambi nje kokuba Astrakhan (ngoMashi). IVolga engenhla futhi ingxenye yazo ephansi Kamyshino wavula engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli. Zonke ezinye lomfula siphuma torpor yobusika phakathi kwale nyanga.

kwemithombo yemvelo

IVolga kumephu ihlanganisa nsimu enkulukazi. It ligijima ehlathini, asemaqeleni kanye asemaqeleni zone. River kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ezaziwa izinhlanzi zayo imithombo. Lihlala bream, roach, Sturgeon, carp, eyikati, Pike. Ngeshwa, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu okugcina amanzi kanye ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ungakuvumeli ukuba kulondolozwe zonke lokhu kwehlukahlukana. Esikhathini delta we noMfula iVolga Reserve yasungulwa. On endaweni yayo kusukela ngo-1919 has izitshalo eliyingqayizivele nezilwane wokuvikela wombuso. Phakathi kwabo, Lotus, Sturgeon, Umkhomo, Onondwebu.

manje iVolga (indawo, ikakhulukazi ukudla, izimila ezingavamile nezilwane) Kuyaqondakala kahle. Ndawonye oliqondayo izinguquko ezenzekayo ne emfuleni kukho konke ukuphila kwayo, omunye iqaphela izinkinga ezihlobene nazo. Namuhla, umfula omkhulu Russian siyidinga impela ekuvikeleni bengabangane bengcebo yabo. Ngenhlanhla, inani elikhulayo abantu sebeqala siqaphele ingozi izinkinga zemvelo. Singasho ukuthembile, Ngakho-ke, ukuthi isimo esingavamile futhi ubuhle loMfula iVolga zinjalo amakhulu amaningi eminyaka.