Isizathu sokuphila sengqondo ekucabangeni kwengqondo

I-Perception isichazamagama segama lesiLatini elithi "ukuqonda". Lisho ngokuqondile ukuqonda ukuqonda kwezinto zezwe elizungezile nokuzindla kwazo okulandelayo. Kuvame ukukhonjwa negama elithi "ukuzwa". Futhi zixhunyaniswa ngempela. Kodwa kukhona umehluko. Noma kunjalo, isisekelo somzimba sokubheka siyathakazelisa kakhulu. Yilokho futhi ngingathanda ukukhuluma.

Ukuzwa njengengxenye yokwakha

Ngakho-ke, isisekelo somzimba sokubona kungumsebenzi ohlanganyelwe we-system of analyzers esebenza kinkimbinkimbi eyodwa.

Isebenza kanjani? Okokuqala, izibonakaliso zivela ekupheleni kwezinzwa ezifaka i-CNS. Isizathu salokhu kungumfutho ongaphandle, okungaba yisiphi isici semvelo yangaphakathi nangaphandle, okwenza kube nokwezwela noma injabulo.

Ngakho, lesi simpawu singena ku-cortex ye-cerebral. "Ezokuthutha" yilezi zindlela ezihamba phambili zokuziphatha. Ngemuva kwalokho, isignali ingena ezindaweni ezizwayo ze-cortex. Lokhu, ungasho ukuthi, ukuhlolisisa okuphakathi kokuphela kwezinzwa. Futhi ngemuva kwalokho, ulwazi lwenzwa luyakha. Futhi "okuqukethwe" kwayo kuxhomeke encekwini yemizwa ehambisana nendawo.

Le nqubo iphela ngokudluliselwa kokuzijabulisa ezindaweni ezihlanganisiwe. Lapho, izithombe zezwe langempela zakhiwa. Emva kwalokho sithola ulwazi olulungile kanye nezinzwa. Futhi konke lokhu kwenzeka kwezinye izigidi zezigidi.

Umsebenzi wemoto

Ngalo, isisekelo somzimba sokubona sihlobene ngqo. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokucubungula ulwazi iba yinkimbinkimbi. Kusukela ama-excitations ethuthukile, okwenzeka kuwo okwenza isenzo se-stimulus yangaphandle, sidlulele ezindaweni lapho zihlanganisa khona izingxenye eziningana ze-cortex ye-cerebral ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuqala kokuxhumana nezinye izimpendulo.

Lapha, isibonelo, amehlo. Ngombono wokuthi sithola ulwazi olungaba ngu-90%! Kodwa amehlo ayilungu. Futhi kuyo kukhona imisipha ehlala ihileleke njalo. Ngisho noma umuntu ngokwakhe ehlaziya indlela amehlo akhe asebenza ngayo, uzoqonda ukuthi lesi sitho "sizwa" into. Ikakhulukazi uma enesithakazelo. Ngaphandle kokunyakaza kwamehlo emvelo, lesi sithombe ngeke sivame ukuhlanganiswa, futhi lokhu sekuvele kuboniswe ukuhlolwa okuningi. Kukhona ukuhlolwa okuthakazelisayo kakhulu ngalesi sihloko, futhi ezinye zezijabulisa ezenziwa kakhulu nguN. Yu Vergilez no-V. P. Zinchenko, no-Leontiev.

Ingxenye ye-Reflex

Iqukethe nesisekelo somzimba sokubona. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi i-reflex iyisimo esinqinile, esingazi lutho esivumelwaneni esenzeka ngokubandakanyeka kwesistimu yenzwa yomphakathi. Uma umuntu ethinta ngengozi ibhethri elishisa kakhulu, uzosula isandla sakhe ngokushesha. Lokhu kuyinkomba.

Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sici, isisekelo somzimba sengqondo ekucwaningweni kwengqondo kuxhunyiwe. Ngokokuqala ngqa u-Ivan Petrovich Pavlov wafika kulokhu. Wabonisa ukuthi ukucabanga kuyinkqubo yokucabanga. Ngokwesazi-sosayensi, isekelwe ekuhlanganisweni kwe-neural okwesikhashana, okwakhiwa lapho ivuliwe emitholampilo yezinzwa, enikezwe okuthile noma into ethile. Zinezinhlobo ezimbili. Lokho okuhlobene neyokuqala kwenziwa ngaphakathi kwe-analyzer eyodwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, lapho umzimba uthinteka ngokuvuselela okuyinkimbinkimbi eyodwa. Ithrekhi yomculo iyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yemisindo yamahhotela kanye nezingoma. Kodwa-ke, i- analyzer yokuhlola iyakubona njengento yokuvuselela eyodwa.

Ngokuvamile isisekelo somzimba sokubona yi-inter-analyzer reflex. Lona uhlobo lwesibili lwenethiwekhi ye-neural yesikhashana. Kusho ukuthintana okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwabahlaziyi abaxubene. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ebuka ifilimu, ulalela isithombe, ukudlala abadlali kanye nokuhambisana nomculo . Lona uxhumano phakathi kwezikhungo.

Ukucabanga

Umqondo wokubona kanye nesisekelo sokwemvelo kufaka nalesi sici ngendlela ephoqelekile. Ukucabanga kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yengqondo. Kanti futhi nomqondo wefilosofi wezobuchwepheshe obunzima kakhulu. Yinkqubo ehlanganisa inkumbulo, imizwelo, izinzwa. Esikhathini sokucabanga, kukhona ukubonisa okubonakalayo okwenziwe ngumuntu. Futhi kuhlose kuphela uma kubalulekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu kubonakale kanje, konke kufanele kucatshangelwe - ukunambitha, isisindo, ukuma, umbala, umsindo, njll. Thatha, isibonelo, abantu abanesithulu kusukela ekuzalweni. Babona inyoni, futhi kubonakala kubo behle. Kodwa, ngeshwa, abanalo ithuba lokuqaphela ngokugcwele indlela enhle futhi emangalisayo ngayo, ngoba abakwazanga ukuzwa ukucula. Kulesi simo, nakuzo zonke ezinye zifana naye, isithombe asiphelele.

Imemori

Uma sicabanga ngesisekelo somzimba kanye nezinhlobo zokubona, asikwazi ukuphawula lesi sihloko. Imemori iyinkimbinkimbi yemisebenzi ephakeme yengqondo namakhono okuqoqa, ukulondoloza nokuqhubeka nokukhiqiza ulwazi oluthile namakhono.

Ulwazi langaphambilini ngalokhu noma lolo mbandela kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma into ejwayelekile kumuntu, ke ngokuzenzakalelayo "idluliselwa" kwisigaba esithile. Kulula ukukhuluma. Eqinisweni, ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinto ezijwayelekile kuyimbangela yomsebenzi ohlaziye kakhulu wokuhlaziya nokusebenza. Bambalwa abantu abakucabangela ngalokhu kuze kube mzuzu baze bafunde ngo-amnesia. Noma ungangeni kuwo. Umuntu uyakhohlwa ukuthi kwenzekani kuye ngesikhathi esifanayo (ngaphandle kwesizathu, yebo), futhi angeke akhumbule futhi, abazi abantu ababoshwe nabo bonke impilo.

Okunye okudingeka uqaphele ukuthi isifiso sokubona into ethile. Umfundi angakwazi ukufunda isifinyezo sesifundo esingathandeki kusukela ekukhunjweni kuya kusimbozo, kodwa hhayi igama lokukhumbula. Ngoba ngalesosikhathi wayengenandaba nokuqondiswa.

Ukutholwa

Enye inqubo ehlanganisa isisekelo somzimba sokubona. Ngamafuphi, ukutholwa yilokho, ngenxa yalokho izakhi zokuqaphela zizuza ukuhlukanisa nokucaca. Impahla eyisisekelo yengqondo yomuntu. Umuntu, ebona izinto nezinto eziqhamukayo, eyazi ngabo - edlula ngokwakhe. Futhi indlela "azichaza ngayo" yena noma lolo lwazi, kuncike empilweni yakhe yengqondo, umthethosisekelo wakhe.

Lokhu kuhlanganisa amakhono engqondo yomuntu, izinkolelo zakhe, izindinganiso nemibono empilweni, umbono wezwe futhi, nakanjani, umlingiswa. Futhi konke okushiwo ngenhla kuhlukile ngamunye wethu. Ngakho-ke, bonke abantu banabantu abathandekayo, nokuphikisa okuphelele. Ngoba ukuthi kwabanye kukhona okuvamile, abanye abamukeli.

Hlonipha

Ngenhla, kunakekelwa kakhulu ngolwazi ngomqondo walo wendabuko. Kodwa ama-aromas namafutha nawo nawo. Lolu lwazi kuphela oluhlukile. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuqashelwe ngokucophelela, ukukhuluma ngesisekelo somzimba sokubheka kwengqondo.

Ngokusho okufushane, umuzwa wokuhogela yikhono lomuntu ukucacisa iphunga elihlakazekile emoyeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, sonke sine-epithelium ekhethekile esesigxotsheni esisodwa. Ezingxenyeni zezinzwa ezinama - alfactory zifika ezikhungweni ze-subcortical. Akunjalo, kunjalo. Futhi ngokusebenzisa ama-olfactory ama. "Isiqunto" sabo siyisisekelo sokuqondisa komqondo. Okusho ukuthi, iminyango yesikhashana, lapho ulwazi olusungulwa khona lucutshungulwa khona. Futhi wonke umuntu unendlela ehlukile. Izintandokazi ze-aromas zihlotshaniswa nengqondo.

Abanye bathi, isibonelo, ukuthi ama-introverts azwa iphunga ngaphezulu, ngokungafani ne-extroverts. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi abathandi bombala ogqamile bakhetha izithelo ezivuthayo. Labo abathanda imibala emnyama egcwele, efana nemvelo, "iphunga elifudumayo". Nokho, lokhu kungenye isihloko.

Umphumela

Ekugcineni - amagama ambalwa njengesiphetho. Ukuqhubeka kuzo zonke izinto ezishiwo ngenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi: lo mbono usekelwe ezinkambisweni eziyinkimbinkimbi nezingqondo. Futhi, ikakhulukazi, uhlelo lokuxhumeka kwe-analyzer, ngenxa yokuthi lonke ulwazi lufakwe ngendlela engcono kakhulu.