Isixazululo yezakhiwo kwesakhiwo

Design umsebenzi zihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa ngemibhalo yomsebenzi, bese kusetshenziswa njengoba isisekelo ukugcwaliseka esakhiweni. izixazululo Architectural kulo mongo abe umxhumanisi phakathi izici kwesakhiwo, ukusebenza kanye yobuhle samuntu plan wakhulelwa. Lesi sakhiwo Kwakhiwani ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ukusetshenziswa salo esisebenzayo, kodwa futhi kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukulungisa kwezobuciko futhi ngenxa yobuhle. Hhayi ukuqedela isixazululo yezakhiwo kanye ngaphandle izichibiyelo ohlangothini isici ukusebenza. Onjiniyela acabangele kwezenhlalo, ezomnotho, ezempilo nezemvelo izidingo nemibandela, izosetshenziswa ukwakha ikusasa.

izakhi yokuhlela

Ukuhlela kuhilela izigaba eziningana namaqembu lezinto yezakhiwo kanye kwesakhiwo Owadala isakhiwo. Lolu hlu, kanye nezimfuneko zomsebenzi yomsebenzi, ichaza iqoqo ekhethekile imithetho (i-joint venture). Design izixazululo usuku idokhumenti zokulawula SP 31-107, owawuthi okulandelayo ivelele izakhi isigaba isakhiwo:

• iqembu yokungena. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa Ezindaweni zokwamukela izivakashi, izindawo egumeni, amakamelo duty nokunye. D.
• Escape imizila ezitebhisini.
• izingxenye Elevator futhi ukuvuleka. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza kulesi sigaba futhi kufaka phakathi Chutes iziteshi.

Ngayinye yalezi amaqembu abakhi Wakhetha ehle kunazo yokuhlala ongakhetha ngokuya Ergonomics ukusetshenziswa nokuphepha.

Izinkinga isinqumo zokuphepha emvelweni

Ukuklama Izakhiwo zokuhlala, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, kufaka nokuhlanganiswa izimo zemvelo sanitary. ochwepheshe ayimpoqo kufanele bacabangele izinkomba kanye gamma-ray emisebeni yangemuva esakhiweni, okuyinto ukulungiselela umsebenzi wokwakha. Uma izilinganiso yabonisa seluhleli ezingeni eliphansi ukuphepha kwemvelo, izixazululo yezakhiwo nokuhlela Izakhiwo zokuhlala uzodinga zihlanganisa izinyathelo ukuze kukhawulwe Ukungena izinto radioactive e izakhiwo ngomshoshaphansi.

Ngokuvamile abakhi sibhekene nezinkinga ukwahlukanisa lobuchwepheshe izikhala komhlaba kanye engaphansi iwukudambisa igesi Izingxube. Njengomthetho, umzabalazo Radon emisebeni nge. Ngo umkhuba yalomsebenti ziyafezeka ngokubeka uphawu emalungeni kwesakhiwo nemifantu olunzulu ukupholisa komhlaba kanye t. D. Izingozi futhi kungase angasuselwa amasayithi eduze zalutho. Kulesi simo, isixazululo yezakhiwo sihlose ekwakheni nokuhlela umgoqo kusukela amagesi qeda. Ngenxa yalesi ukwakhiwa okhethekile superstructure, kuhlanganise canopies phezu zokungena. Kumaphrojekthi lanamuhla zitholakala kuleli paki ngemoto waqale kude amafasitela kanye zokungena emafulethini.

Esebenzisa umsindo ukunciphisa

Ukunciphisa umsindo izinkomba, engena phakathi zokuhlala, kuyisinyathelo ezidingekayo ngokuya induduzo. Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi kule isiqondiso lisisebenzisa yokuncintisana isikhala orientation. Ngokwesibonelo, izindawo lobuchwepheshe nasizayo asezindaweni ohlangothini eduze ezindleleni ezibanzi. Ukuphila amakamelo, kunalokho, iningi kuthambekele ekwenzeni ethule uhlangothi - isibonelo, inkantolo. Kodwa amasu eziyisisekelo ekunciphiseni izinqumo engadingeki umsindo ukuchayeka yezakhiwo isikhala-ukuhlela walala ingxenye isakhi ukwakhiwa nemisebenzi aqeda.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi indaba for izindonga kumele abe ukushuba ezithile futhi isakhiwo efanelekayo ukuqinisekisa eyanele umsindo ukwahlukanisa. Ngakho, udale i-ngempumelelo umsindo isithiyo Foam amabhlogo noma ukhonkolo, kodwa balahlekelwa isitini bendabuko ngokuya amandla nokuqina kwayo. Ngokuphathelene aliqede, ukwahlukanisa ingafinyelelwa le slabs amaminerali noboya polystyrene zandiswa wazizwa pads, nokunye. D.

ukuqinisekisa insolation

Okubalulekile ukuba ukhululekile futhi ephephile eziphilayo option ubuye insolation. Ikhombisa ezingeni ukuchayeka ukuqondisa emisebeni yelanga kanye emagcekeni ejele. Kokulinganisa lokhu Inkomba ibangelwa ibanga lobanele emkhatsini vzaimozatenyayuschimi mbumbulu. Ayikwazi ukwenza kuleli cala, futhi ngaphandle kokucabangela ua amasayithi ukwakhiwa. Onjiniyela Project zikhethwa ayisekho nje okungcono ecaleni nokubekwa yokuhlala kanye nokulawula orientation ezifanele neziningi zezakhiwo ngokwabo kanye nezigaba. Ngo ezinabantu esakhelwe up imvelo wezakhiwo isixazululo anganikeza normative insolation ngenxa eyengeziwe amadivayisi. Lezi zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa ukwakhiwa rotary ka ifaka, izigaba kanye shift ngokuya ukubekwa, yesifunda ikheshi kanye ezitebhisini ekhoneni ukubopha futhi t. D.

Ukucutshungulwa umehluko zesifunda uma uhlela

izenzo normative ihlukaniswe izifunda ku imininingwane izimo zezulu, ukunikela iqembu izimfuneko ezikhethekile ngalinye. Iqembu lokuqala, isibonelo, kumele yakhelwe nge inani lemali elincane izakhi leqembu input. Kufanele sicabange ukuthi singakwazi yini ukunciphisa nokushisa futhi snegozanosov. Izigaba lesibili nelesithathu zihlanganisa engcwaba izakhiwo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kusebenze kakhulu emoyeni neqhwa Ukuvikelwa.

Ukuze wehlise kokuziphatha emoyeni abandayo owethulwa okokufaka ezingeziwe esakhiweni kusukela izinhlangothi ezimbili. Ukwahlukanisa zasendlini is ezalethwa izindlela ejwayelekile, njengoba kuhlinzekwe ngu isixazululo ejwayelekile yezakhiwo. Izindawo yesithwathwa eqinile akunconywa ukwakha eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo ezingaphezu kuka 4-5 izibuya. Kungenjalo ayifakiwe reception ophahleni ukuqondanisa futhi attics Kumele uthole ngcono ukuvikelwa umoya nge ukufudumala.

efulethini isakhiwo

Kutfutfukiswa amaphrojekthi zokuhlala kwasekuqaleni ihlose Ukukhetha elikhulu usayizi nesikhala igumbi ngalinye. Ngaphansi kwemigomo elilungile kulokhu libhekisela ukubaluleka ezokwenza kahle ihlanganise kudingekile ifenisha, imishini kanye zasendlini. kakhulu uhlelo ithuthukiswe kucatshangelwa sezulu okukhulunywa nendlu futhi izici yezibalo. Kunakwe futhi uhlobo efulethini - izinkampani ezizimele noma ukuqasha nomphakathi. nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho isixazululo yezakhiwo nokuhlelela amafulethi ukusungula imingcele ethize endaweni ukusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, e eyikamelo elilodwa egumbini lokuphumula efulethini Kumele ube indawo hhayi ngaphansi kuka 14 m ^2. Uma amakamelo esiphilayo 2 noma ngaphezulu, ukubaluleka kwandisa-16 m ^2.

amathuba uhlelo ukuguqulwa

rework umbono ezindlini zivamile enkolweni izifiki lanamuhla. Ikakhulukazi kumayelana izinjongo uhlelo ubudala, angahambisani imibono emisha mayelana design ingaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, lo omusha izindlu kuthambekele kungenzeka esizayo izinguquko. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Okungenani yokuthi umnikazi kungaba ushintshe usayizi emagcekeni, ukuhlanganisa ikamelo noma ukushintsha tekusebenta. The nezimo kakhulu isinqumo design ukuhlela yezakhiwo uyavuma ukuthi kungenzeka ngokuhlanganisa amafulethi kwenye phansi. Le ndlela olukhulu ushintsho, ukuqaliswa okusho ukuguqulwa olukhulu Tinsita kamasipala.

Onesimo izakhiwo jikelele-njongo

Amathuba inhlangano zasemphakathini izakhiwo zokuhlala kuthiwa ekuqaleni eyaziwako okusalungiswa noma esikhathini esizayo kuthiwa sokuxazulula ku esakhelwe futhi unamathele indlela. Kulokhu, ikhambi yezakhiwo uyakucabangela umthelela ongaba lolu hlobo izakhiwo emakamelweni overlying ophilayo. Elilinganiswayo umsindo ukusebenza, komoya, umthelela omusha osanda kwethulwa imishini ubunjiniyela, nokunye. D.

isiphetho

I engavamile we imibhalo yezakhiwo nokuhlela ukuthi Kusinikeza nethuba lokucabangela izici qualitative sezakhiwo ngaphandle umugqa oyinhloko nezimfuneko zomsebenzi ngoba amandla, ukuqina kanye nokwethembeka. Onjiniyela ngokunembile lokhu iqoqo nemingcele main focus, ngokuvamile indiva nezinye izici nokusebenza. Inxanxathela yezakhiwo nokuhlela izixazululo, esikhundleni salokho, ukunikela ukuthatha ku izicelo akhawunti abaqashile ukuba Ergonomics nokuphepha. Isekelwe imibuzo idatha ku ucwaningo longcweti ezindaweni ezahlukene. Kungokufanayo iziqondiso neyokwenza bayatfutfuka abasebenzi sanitary amasevisi, ezemvelo, abaklami, ubuningi abahloli nabanye.