Kanjani ukwenza thermostat ngesandla. Thermostat ukufudumeza aquarium ngezandla zabo

Russian ebusika is zihlukaniswa namandla aso namakhaza ashubisa umkantsha, njengoba bonke eyaziwa. Ngakho-ke, ekamelweni lapho kunabantu abadinga sishiswa ngakho. Ukushisa Central nguye ovame kakhulu, futhi uma yokuswela angasebenzisa ngabanye gas okokubilisa. Nokho, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi akekho noma ezinye ayitholakali, isibonelo, endle kuyinto amanzi esiteshini ekamelweni elincane uzotshala, lapho machinists iwashi komsebenzi. Lokhu kungaba igumbi lapho eyihlane ibhilidi noma umlindi umbhoshongo omkhulu. Izibonelo suffice.

isimo out

Onke la macala bephoqeleka ukuba baphathe i kagesi Ukushisa kudivayisi. Ukuze amakamelo encane kungenzeka ukwenza an avamile kagesi kurediyetha namafutha kanye amakamelo amakhulu ngokuvamile hlela amanzi Ukushisa nge radiators. Uma ungenalo unake lokushisa lamanzi, bese ngokushesha noma kamuva kungase ubilise, ngenxa okuyinto wonke imbiza liyashona. Ukuze agweme izimo ezinjalo, sebenzisa amath-.

izici kudivayisi

Idivayisi kungenziwa ezisebenza ihlukaniswe amayunithi eziningana ehlukile: inzwa lokushisa, a comparator, kanye Idivayisi yokulawula umthwalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke lezi izingxenye uzobe kuchazwe. Lolu lwazi kudingeka ukuze wenze thermostat ngesandla. Kulokhu, ilungiselelo ezihlongozwayo lapho inzwa lokushisa kuyinto okuguquguqukayo Transistor evamile, okwenza kube lula ukuyeka ukusebenzisa thermistors. Lokhu inzwa kusekelwe yokuthi kwemigomo transistors amadivayisi Semiconductor ngokwezinga elikhulu kuxhomeke ezingeni lokushisa elifanele.

ezicashile ezibaluleke

Ukudala thermostat ngezandla kumele kwenziwe nge-akhawunti oyisibopho izinto ezimbili. Okokuqala, it is a ukuthambekela amadivayisi othomathikhi autogeneration. Uma kwenzeka phakathi idivayisi ashukumisa kanye inzwa thermostat isethwe obuqinile kakhulu ngemva kokudubula inkinobho ngokushesha sicisha uyivula futhi. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka lokhu ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho inzwa itholakala iseduze ezipholile noma i-heater. Okwesibili, zonke izinzwa nokuthi izinto zobuchwepheshe kukhona ukunemba ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye angakwazi ukuqapha lokushisa 1 degree, kodwa izinto eziningi ezincane nzinyana ukulandelela. Kulokhu, a electronics elula uqala enza amaphutha futhi ngokuvamile ukuthatha izixazululo okukhethekile nekhululekile, ikakhulukazi lapho izinga lokushisa cishe kulingana nalokho isethelwe ukusebenza.

Inqubo yokudala

Uma sikhuluma indlela yokwenza thermostat ngezandla zabo, kufanele bathi kukhona inzwa thermistor, kuchaye yayo ngesikhathi senqubo bafudumale. Ifakiwe ezinhlwini circuit we ehlukanisayo voltage. Isifunda sihlanganisa a Resistor variable -R2, lapho izinga lokushisa isethi kusebenze. Nge ehlukanisayo voltage ihlinzekwa kuya NOMA isici 2I, okuyinto ifakwe imodi inverter, futhi ngemva kwalokho phansi Transistor lokukhonza njengomdala arrestor ngokuba C1 capacitor. It yena, exhunywe kwi-zokufakwayo (S) RS-flip-flop, okuyinto ayebuthene pair of izakhi, futhi kokufaka lomunye NOMA 2I. Nge ehlukanisayo voltage zolimo NOMA 2I, olawula okokufaka yesibili (R) RS-trigger.

Kusebenza kanjani lokhu

Ngakho, sicabangela indlela ukudala thermostat elula ngezandla zabo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani ezimweni ezahlukene. Ngezinye okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa thermistors zinezikhathi voltage low, ngakho kukhona ehlukanisayo voltage, okuyinto waqonda njengoba bacabanga zero. Ngakho-ke, Transistor ivulekile, ukuze S-uvo flip-flop waqonda zero inengqondo futhi capacitor C1 iyanqamuka ukushajwa. Ngesikhathi ekhishwa flip-flop isethwe iyunithi okunengqondo. I edluliselwe ikumodi ON futhi Transistor VT2 ivuliwe. Ukuze uqonde ngqo ukuthi ukwenza i-thermostat, kuyafaneleka ukuthi lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi le-edluliselwe kuhloswe ukupholisa into, okungukuthi, sivuleka fan ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu.

ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa

Lapho ukwehla lokushisa thermistor ukumelana inyuka, okuholela ukwanda ehlukanisayo voltage. Ngesinye isikhathi esededelwe, Transistor VT1 lokuvala kwenzeka, ngalokho capacitor C1 iyaqala ukushaja nge-R5. Ekugcineni kuza isikhathi ukufeza ezingeni elilodwa okunengqondo. It is ihlinzekwa komunye uvo D4, kanye okokufaka kwalesi sakhi yesibili unikeza voltage ehlukanisayo. Lapho bobabili okokufaka ukusungula iyunithi okunengqondo, futhi isici okukhipha kukhona zero, flip-flop azoshintsha esimweni okuphambene. Kulokhu, edluliselwe uzobe ucishiwe, okuyinto izovala fan, uma kudingekile, noma uvule bafudumale. Ngakho kungenzeka ukwenza thermostat ukuze emiphongolweni ngezandla zabo, ukuze kwenza futhi ikhubaza fan uma kunesidingo.

Ukwanda lokushisa

Ngakho, izinga lokushisa laliqala ukwanda futhi. Zero ehlukanisayo oluzovela kuqala omunye D4 okokufaka, uyosisusa zero ngesikhathi okokufaka inhlamvu, esikhundleni salo kube nokuthile ngomunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba linyuka izinga lokushisa kuyoba zero ku inverter. Ngemva ukushintsha phezu Transistor iyunithi ayovulwa, okuholela osenyameni kuseli C1 no-zero ukulungiselelwa inhlamvu wokufaka ikhubaza kokupholisayo kushiswa amanzi bafudumale system ehlanganisa fan. Okunjalo amath- Ukushisa, ngezandla zakhe wenza umsebenzi ngempela ngempumelelo.

Blocks C1, R5 VT1 zenzelwe ukuqeda autogeneration, ngoba Ukusetha isikhathi ukubambezeleka off. Kungaba lisukela imizuzwana embalwa ukuze imizuzu eminingana. Sibheka thermostat kahle elula, ukudala yayo, ngakho iyunithi ngenhla aqede ebuyile lokushisa inzwa. Ngisho ishayela encane ngqa kwenzeka kuvulwa Transistor kanye ukudedelwa leso we capacitor. Ngaphezu kwalokho, jitter zizozitshwa. Ngesikhathi kwetheksthi eziphindaphindiwe Transistor isimo. Ukushaja capacitor iqala kuphela ngemva zokugcina ishayela ebuyile. Ngokwethulwa flip-flop yesifunda ehluleka ukunikeza edluliselwe operation olunembile. Njengoba yaziwa, inhlamvu kungase kudingeke izikhundla ezimbili kuphela.

inhlangano

Ukuze wenze i-thermostat ngezandla zakho, ungasebenzisa wesifunda ibhodi ekhethekile, lapho wonke scheme izoqoqwa indlela nengxenye. Ungasebenzisa futhi isiliphu wesifunda ibhodi. Ukudla kungaba noma ikuphi ku ezahlukene 3-15 volts. I edluliselwe Kufanele kukhethwe ngokuhambisana nalo.

Isikimu efanayo zingenziwa ukuze aquarium thermostat ngezandla zabo, kodwa khumbula ukuthi kufanele enamathiselwe ingaphandle ingilazi ke asivelanga izinkinga ukusetshenziswa yayo.

I edluliselwe ngenhla echazwe luboniswa operation enokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Amazinga inakekelwa ukuba kungakapheli ingxenye degree. Nokho, kuyinto encike ngqo kwi ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi kuchazwe R5C1 chain, kanye yokusabela kuya ukusebenza, isb amandla heater noma ezipholile. Ububanzi lokushisa futhi ukunemba ukufakwa kwalo ehlukanisayo resistors kunqunywa Ukukhetha. Uma wenze thermostat ngezandla zakhe, + khona-ke akudingeki ukuze usethe, futhi uqala ukusebenza ngokushesha.