Isitayela Gothic bokwakha

Isitayela Gothic bokwakha waqala ukuthatha ukuma engxenyeni esenyakatho waseFrance yesimanje kanye Nendawo ka Switzerland yesimanje kanye Belgium emhlabeni ekuqaleni kwekhulu XII. Khona-ke, ngemva kwesikhashana - eJalimane.

Isakhiwo sokuqala Gothic e izakhiwo kubhekwe esontweni sezindela Saint-Denis, etholakala eduze Paris. iphrojekthi esakhiwe Abbe Suger, kuba ngokuvamile isakhiwo gothic nge nemengamo ezicijile. Kusukela izinqaba zayo Romanesque laliba umusa omkhulu.

Ngokuvamile, isitayela Gothic bokwakha ngofuzo igunya lamaRoma bokwakha ohlelweni jikelele ubuciko kanye izinhlobo ezinkulu izakhiwo zenkolo. Ngo ubuciko ababhishobhi Gothic baye matasa indawo ekhethekile.

Amasonto, ezakhiwa ngezinyanga lesi sitayela, limelela zamagama eliphakeme izakhiwo kanye yafaka ebaziwe. Massive round nemengamo ka Romanesque washintsha nobuntu lwaleli Gothic nge top ezicijile, ubude, amakholomu ewumngcingo nemibhoshongo, arched multi-umbala namabala nengilazi amafasitela, olungaphambili lwesonto ngokucebile ehlotshiswe amaningi imininingwane eqoshiwe (vimpergov, tympanum, archivolt). Zonke izici siklanyelwe ugcizelele mpo.

isitayela Gothic bokwakha owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi kusukela lesiGreki "gotos". Endulo, Goths nabizelwa izizwe ngowezizwe ahlaselayo insimu ka wonke uMbuso WaseRoma kusukela enyakatho. Ngokusho yetinsita, igama lokuqala esetshenziswa Raphael.

Izimpawu izakhiwo gothic lombhishobhi futhi baqala ukuwela, esikhundleni lock nenkemba isitayela wamaRoma. Ukuze ngekhulu XII. elinesimo umthelela omkhulu empilweni inkolo.

amasonto Gothic ezakhiwa izizukulwane. Notre Dame Cathedral lakhiwa iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili, iSonto LamaRoma Cathedral kusukela 1211 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu xv, futhi Milan - kuze kube XIX.

izakhiwo Gothic bekumele zifanekisela ngokuvumelana ethempelini ezulwini. Ngakho-ke thina yasungulwa design onqoba luhlata itshe. Lokhu kuguquka ngosizo intambo professional "uleyisi".

imfihlo yobuciko walala yokuthi umklamo okubonakalayo izakhiwo Gothic musa uqondane ngokoqobo. nemengamo esindayo Huge avele Air esinamafu, lolungenamaphutsa Ushintshe ngezabelo ezivamile ukugxambukela hlwaya waqonda logic design futhi uqaphele isikali yangempela. I lamaGoth sengathi kusukela ngaphansi kwezinyawo ukushiya phansi, futhi le ndoda inyukela ongagcwali esibhakabhakeni okufanekisa ingunaphakade.

Isitayela Gothic bokwakha, uyathanda ukudlala ukukhanya. Iphuzu eliyinhloko lokhu isitayela ukudala umphumela wake egeleza wokukhanya kwaphezulu, elifanekisela ukuhlakanipha okungokomoya nokukhanyiselwa. Lokhu injongo sinikezwa yi emawindini engilazi apendiwe.

isitayela Gothic athuthukile ikakhulu emadolobheni. Imibala eyinhloko izakhiwo aphuzi, blue and red. Line kwezakhiwo kanjalo nezinhlaka atholwe uhlamvu ogival, nemengamo kumiswa intersecting lwesikhathi. Buildings zakhelwe ikakhulu bunjwa wamaqhuqhuva nge nemengamo eziningi wakhomba, kuphenduke kwezinsika.

imininingwane okuphoqelekile ingaphakathi kukhona nemengamo lesifanele nge izisekelo, amahlamvu eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwakhiwa izakhiwo libhekene itshe openwork Uhlaka Isekela enwetshiwe amawindi, kugcizelelwa skeleton isakhiwo. Ingxenye ebalulekile umklamo kudluliselwa phezulu ingilazi ibala amafasitela ngengilazi emibalabala, ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela round ibhokisi zokuhlobisa. Iminyango ahlotshiswe Lancet yayinamakhothamo, ribbed.

Zezakhiwo isitayela Gothic ozuza ezinye kumnandi avela ngesikhathi emehlweni kwezindonga zamatshe abonakala ukukhanya kanye Airy. Lokhu ikuphi ukudlala, airiness, umbono engenangqondo kanye ezingaqondakali ziyabophelela izakhiwo isiphi isakhiwo ngesitayela Gothic.

isitayela Gothic wadlula ezigabeni ezintathu zomlando yentuthuko - kusemasisha Gothic, usadlondlobele (High Gothic) kanye Gothic Late.

Ekuqaleni isitayela XVI ekhulwini Gothic bokwakha kuthathela ukulahlekelwa isikhundla salo ngokuqondene ukufika isiko isiko Renaissance.