Isilawuli yamanje ngezandla zakho: isikimu futhi imfundo. Regulator DC

Namuhla, kumadivayisi amaningi ekhiqizwa nemithetho yamanje. Ngakho umsebenzisi uyakwazi ukulawula idivayisi amandla. Lezi amadivayisi akwazi ukusebenza kumanethiwekhi zamanje variable futhi njalo. Ngu design, the nabalawuli awafani. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zedivayisi kungenziwa ngokuthi thyristors.

Futhi Izilawuli ebalulekile makhemikhali resistors futhi capacitors. yokukhulisa umsindo Magnetic zisetshenziswe kuphela kumadivayisi high voltage. Ubushelelezi ukulungiswa apharathasi olunikezwa modulator. Ngokuvamile zingatholakala nje ukuvula ukulungiswa yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo has izihlungi ezisiza ukulolonga umsindo kulesi sifunda. Ngenxa yalokhu, lamanje okukhipha kuyinto uzinze kuka at itheku.

Isikimu isilawuli elula

Ukushayela zamanje isilawuli thyristors ezivamile eqala ukusebenzisa diode. Namuhla, 'zinezikhathi ukuzinza okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ingahlala iminyaka eminingi. Futhi, analogue triode kungaba ukuziqhayisa nokusebenza kahle yabo, kodwa, bezikhali banayo kancane. Ukuze asetshenziswa ezinhle wamanje conductivity uhlobo lomkhakha umphumela transistors. Gqoka izinto ezihlukahlukene uhlelo ingasetshenziswa.

Ukuze wenze Umlawuli zamanje ukuba 15V, ungakwazi ngokuphepha ukhetha umuntu oyisibonelo nge KU202 wokugubha. Okuphakelayo reverse voltage kwenzeka ngenxa capacitors, okuyinto asethwe ekuqaleni iketanga. Modulators ku nabalawuli ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa uhlobo lwe-rotary. Ngu design, abasakwazi elula evumela ushintsho bushelelezi kakhulu ezingeni lamanje. Ukuze ekulinganiseni voltage ekupheleni iketanga, umshini ekhethekile asetshenziswa. High-analogue ingafakwa kuphela izinguquko kuka 50 V. Nge ukuphazamiseka kagesi ababhekana kahle, futhi umthwalo omkhulu phezu thyristors ungayeki.

kudivayisi DC

Isifunda Umlawuli DC has a conductivity eliphezulu. Kulesi simo ukulahlekelwa ezishisayo ku idivayisi zimbalwa futhi ziyantula. Ukuze wenze Umlawuli DC, thyristor diode Kudingeka uhlobo. Impulse kulokhu lizophakama ngenxa okusheshayo inqubo yamandla aphindeke kabili ye ukuguqulwa. I resistors yesifunda kumele akwazi ukumelana ukumelana esiphezulu 8 ohms. Kulokhu, lokho kuyoholela nokushisa esiphansi. Ekugcineni, modulator uzoshesha overheat.

Modern analogue lenziwele izinga lokushisa nokukhawulela ka-40 °, futhi lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe. Field umphumela transistors labo abazokwazi odlulayo samanje wesifunda ngo isiqondiso eyodwa kuphela. Unalokhu engqondweni, ibekwe phezu idivayisi adingekayo ukuze thyristor. Ngenxa yalokho, ezingeni ukumelana negative akuyona kuka 8 ohms. High-imvamisa isisefo isilawuli DC efakwe ngempela ezingavamile.

Model AC

AC Umlawuli ungachazwa ukuthi thyristors iqashe kuphela uhlobo triode. Futhi, transistors esetshenziswa ejwayelekile ensimini hlobo. I capacitors yesifunda zisetshenziselwa kuphela njengoba sinjalo. Hlangana izihlungi ephezulu pass e amadivaysi yalolu hlobo kungenzeka, kodwa ezingavamile. Izinkinga lokushisa eliphezulu imifanekiso isixazululekile ngezithukuthuku ishayela Converter. It efakwe kusistimu ye-modulator. Low-pass izihlungi asetshenziswa nabalawuli namandla 5 V Ukuphathwa cathode e apharathasi Kwenziwa abacindezela voltage input.

DC sinjalo inethiwekhi kwenzeka kahle. Ukuze sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo imithwalo eliphezulu, isicelo zener reverse kwezinye izimo. Ziyakwazi transistors exhunyiwe usebenzisa mpintsha. Kulokhu, isilawuli zamanje kufanele akwazi withstanding inani eliphezulu nagruzkui 7 A. ezingeni nokukhawulela ukumelana ohlelweni akumele leqe 9 ohms. Kulokhu, esingayiphila ukuguqulwa okusheshayo.

Indlela yokwenza isilawuli okwesikhathi yensimbi nokunamathisela ngomthofu?

Yenza Umlawuli zamanje ngezandla zabo ngoba nokunamathisela ngomthofu kungenzeka, usebenzisa thyristor triode hlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho zidinga transistors okuguquguqukayo kanye ongaphakeme pass zokuhlunga. Capacitors ku ezisetjenziswako e isamba ezingekho ngaphezu amayunithi ezimbili. anode ukwehla wamanje kulesi simo okumelwe zenzeke ngokushesha. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga nge polarity negative, setha converters ishayela.

Ziyakwazi ekahle zinamandla sinusoidal. Ngqo ukulawula zamanje bungatholakala ngokuvula uhlobo isilawuli. Nokho, analogs push-inkinobho futhi wathola esikhathini sethu. Ukuvikela idivayisi, umzimba usebenzisa ukushisa ukumelana. converters Resonant imifanekiso lungatholwa. abahluke uma ziqhathaniswa nozakwabo ezivamile, cheapness yayo. Ngo emakethe zawo ngokuvamile kutholakala nge izimpawu RR200. I conductivity zamanje kulokhu kuyoba ongaphakeme, kodwa electrode control ne imisebenzi kumelwe sibhekane.

Amadivayisi for ishaja

Ukuze wenze Umlawuli samanje ishaja nebhethri, thyristors kuphela edingekayo uhlobo triode. Mshini ukukhiya kulokhu ukulawula ukulawula electrode kwe-circuit. amadivaysi e-FET asetshenziswa kaningi. umthwalo obukhulu wabo 9 A. okuphansi-imvamisa nezihlungi nabalawuli enjalo bengakwamukeli nangokunembile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amplitude umsindo kagesi impela high. Isixazululo ilula, usebenzisa ehlunga resonant. Kulokhu, lo conductivity, ngeke zithiye isignali. Heat ukulahlekelwa ku abalawuli kumelwe futhi azinakwa.

Ukusetshenziswa Triac abalawuli

Triac nabalawuli livame ukubhekisela amadivayisi amandla ingeqi 15 V. Kulokhu, bayakwazi ukumelana voltage umkhawulo ka 14 A. Uma sikhuluma amadivayisi ukukhanyisa, abakwazi isetshenziswe zonke. kunjalo futhi asifanele okusezingeni eliphezulu-voltage transformers. Nokho, uhlukile kubo imisakazo uyakwazi ezisebenza stably futhi ngaphandle enkingeni.

Nabalawuli ngoba umthwalo resistive

Ukushayela isilawuli samanje umthwalo asebenzayo kudinga ukusetshenziswa triode thyristor hlobo. Isignali bayakwazi ukudlulisela zombili izinkomba. Encishisiwe anode zamanje kwenzeka kulesi sifunda ngokunciphisa kudivayisi imvamisa nokukhawulela. Ngokwesilinganiso, lokhu ipharamitha liyashintshashintsha emhlabeni 5 Hz. voltage Maximum eMhlanganweni ekhishwa kufanele bube 5 V Ngenxa yale njongo, lo resistors zisetshenziswa uhlobo efundwayo kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa capacitors ezivamile, okuyinto ngokwesilinganiso bayakwazi ukumelana ukumelana 9 ohms.

Pulse zener kwenziwa lezi akuyona into engajwayelekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-amplitude we amagagasi kagesi mikhulu futhi udinga ukubhekana naso. Kungenjalo, okwandisa Transistor lokushisa ngokushesha futhi ziba engenamsebenzi. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga nge bephonsa ishayela omoya esetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene. Kulokhu Ochwepheshe ukushintsha ingaphinda isetshenziswe. Basuke elifakwe abalawuli we FETs. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bangena ukuxhumana capacitors akufanele.

Indlela yokwenza imodeli control isigaba?

Yenza isigaba isilawuli zamanje ngezandla zakho, ungasebenzisa KU202 thyristor wokugubha. Kulokhu, supply voltage reverse kuzodlula kwezithikamezo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuze kukhawulwe khona impedance capacitor kuka 8 ohms. Imali ukuze leli cala zingafundwa PP12. I electrode esangweni kuleli cala unikeze conductivity ezinhle. Converters ziguquka nabaqondisi yalolu hlobo awavamile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isilinganiso imvamisa izinga ohlelweni esingeqile 4 Hz.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-thyristor ubhekene ngeziqu eqinile, okuyinto kuphakamisa nokwanda kokungabi ukumelana ezimbi. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, abanye basikisela usebenzisa converters push-silingo. Umsebenzi wabo owakhiwe phezu voltage nabokhulumile. Made ngokuzimele uhlobo Umlawuli zamanje kunzima ekhaya. Njengomthetho, konke kuncike oyifunayo Lidlulisela yokusesha.

Iinsetjenziswa ishayela isilawuli

Ukuze wenze ukushintsha Umlawuli zamanje, thyristor triode uhlobo oludingekayo. Voltage control wenziwa ngayo ngejubane elikhulu. Izinkinga ngedivayisi Umqhubi reverse siyithola ngumuntu okuguquguqukayo Transistor hlobo. Capacitors efakwe kusistimu kuphela ngendlela pair. Ukunciphisa zamanje anode yesifunda senzeka ngokushintsha yokuma thyristor.

Mshini ukukhiya ku abalawuli lolu hlobo isethelwe lo resistors. Ukuze ekulinganiseni izihlungi umkhawulo imvamisa ingasetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene. Ngemva kwalokho, angase amelane nemithi ongathandeki Regulator kumele singeqi 9 ohms. Kulokhu, ngeke ukumelana umthwalo omkhulu zamanje.

Amamodeli nge isiqalo bushelelezi

Ukuze ukwakha thyristor amandla isilawuli nge isiqalo elithambile, udinga banakekele modulator. Ethandwa kakhulu kubhekwa turning nozakwabo namuhla. Noma kunjalo, ngamunye awafani. Kulokhu, ukuthi okuningi kuncike endleleni ibhodi, okuyinto esetshenziswa idivayisi.

Uma sikhuluma ukuguqulwa uchungechunge CG, besebenza abalawuli elula. Kakhulu ngamandla, abazi ivelele kanti ezinye glitches basawaqamba. Kungenjalo, isimo nabalawuli ukuze transformers. Lapho, njengoba umthetho, ukuhlela kabusha digital zisetshenziswa. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga isignali ukuhlanekezela is kakhulu ziyancipha.