Imre Kálmán: Biography futhi ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Umqambi omkhulu Imre Kálmán, Awe-Operetta efakwa amathiyetha engcono zomculo zomhlaba, waphila ukuphila okwanelisayo lomsebenzi futhi lokusungula. Wayefanele benqoba ubunzima abaningi, ukuzwa impumelelo enkulu futhi ukuhlangabezana eziningi uthando. usadlondlobele Igama lakhe lihlotshaniswa ka Awe-Operetta saseVienna, ake wangena umlando umculo njengoba uMdali imisebenzi elikhanyayo, lokuthi izinto zizoba ngcono futhi bejabule, nakuba ngokuvamile yomlando wakhe waba zibancishe injabulo.

ebuntwaneni

ngendoda eyazalwa esikwaziyo namuhla ngaphansi kwegama Imre Kálmán, October 24, 1882 edolobheni elincane Siofok ku Lake Balaton. Igama lakhe langempela kwaba Emmerich Koppshteyn. Ngesikhathi esafunda esikoleni samabanga, ke yashintsha igama lakhe yamaJuda Kálmán kokungathathi hlangothi ngaphezulu. Ubaba walo mfana ukuthi impela wobunxiwankulu umndeni elichumayo wahlala ngobuningi, lakhula izingane ezimbili ngaphezu Imre. Nokho, ngemva kwezinsuku ezingeziningi indodana encane kaCharles Koppshteynu eminyakeni embalwa kwadingeka umbono ukwenza umuzi wakhe endaweni yokungcebeleka elichumayo. Yena Bachitha izimali ezishisiwe bethenga ukwakhiwa emjahweni, Awe-Operetta Theatre, amahhotela eziningana. Kodwa konke lokhu akuyona inzuzo, futhi uyise Kálmán kwadingeka ukucwila ezikweletini. Zonke yaphela ngokudabukisayo, impahla yakhe lathathwa ngoba izikweletu zawo, bese umkhaya waphoqeleka ukuthuthela Budapest. Ngokushesha lo yomkhaya wathumela Imre baphile ngaphansi kokunakekela umamncane.

kumiswa

Eminyakeni 10, umfana wathunyelwa ngokushesha ezikoleni ezimbili: sokuzivocavoca classical nomculo. Naphezu sobuphofu, Imre wathenga upiyano esetshenziswa, okuyinto wayekwenza njalo mzuzu esikhululekile. Nokho, maduzane nje, isimo sezimali siye sawohloka kakhulu kangangokuthi umfana kwadingeka ashiye befundisa futhi ukuya emsebenzini. Aqale ukufundisa Latin nabafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme isiGreki aqhubeka Tutor umculo. Ubumpofu wamenza ngiyinsizwa enamahloni futhi mnyewu, kodwa yaba acumen ibhizinisi. Ngenxa ukuphikelela kwakhe, Imre Kálmán wakwazi ukuya umculo esikoleni. Waqala ngisho ukunikeza amakhonsathi, owanikhipha kuye udumo ngemali encane ayeyithola.

Nokho, waphinde elinde ukuhluleka edabukisayo: reborrow belungiselela emncintiswaneni umculo, Imre abalimala Pinkie yinoma imvimba unbend. Mayelana umculo ukwenza kwadingeka ukukhohlwa. Imre Kálmán bajoyine ekilasini Ukwakheka, ngeseluleko uprofesa, waqala ukubhala imisebenzi Symphonic. Kodwa ayengenalo impumelelo. Usalokhu ephethwe iziqu ekolishi futhi libhaliswe Academy of Music. Ngesikhathi ukuphikelela ka Kálmán izihlobo zase nabomalukazana babo nabo bangena khono umthetho. Ngenxa yemizamo Amazing wakwazi ukuqeda izikole ezimbili, ekubeni ummeli nomculi eqinisekisiwe.

Usesho uqobo

Ukuze uthole imali ukuba sibe khona, Imre Kálmán wayengumfundi wesazi uqala ukubhala izihloko ezibucayi sekholomu umculo ephephandabeni. Ngemva sokuqeqesha Waqhubeka ukusebenza ephephandabeni, njengoba sebekubeke ungafuni ukuba ngummeli. Izihlobo-ke besethemba ukuthi wayezoya umthetho, futhi uma sekuvela ukuthi lo akunjalo, akasenawo neze ngokwezimali. Waphinda ezingamaKristu kwakudingeka zisebenzele umthwalo double: ngosuku okubhale iphephandaba wathi, aphinde abhale umculo kusihlwa. Umsebenzi wakhe ezibucayi bamlethela engenayo ubuncane, lutho kakhulu ababengenamandla okukuthola. Kodwa wajabula ngokuthi izikhundla sasinganaka iyiphi amakhonsathi kanye yeshashalazi, njengoba amathikithi ukuthi ababengenamandla okukuthola.

umqambi Indlela

Ngisho nasezimweni ezikhululekile kungenzeka Academy Imre Kálmán wabhala sina umculo: umculo Symphonic, upiyano izingcezu nezingoma ngisho izingoma. Kodwa ukushicilela futhi enze izingoma zakhe akekho owayefuna. Omunye umculi ngisho yithemba babenza ukuthi ngoba ephuzwini ukuthi uzoqala ukuqamba operettas.

Ngo-1905, Kálmán inhlanhla, wayinqoba Budapest Academy of Umculo umjikelezo ingoma. Le mali eyamenza wakwazi ukuchitha amasonto ayisithupha e-Berlin. Lapho, umqambi walihamba lonke abamemezeli umculo, enethemba ukushicilela ingoma, kodwa kwakungakaze kwenzeke. Ngenxa yokuphelelwa ithemba, ubumpofu kanye ayenqaba categorical umqambi umculo Imre Kálmán enquma ukuba baphendukele "uhlobo ongaphakeme" - Awe-Operetta.

impumelelo

I Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwaba inhlekelele enkulu ye Awe-Operetta. Ngo-1899, wayesefa, "Waltz King" Iogann Shtraus, owabhalela Empire Austro-Hungarian esidlangalaleni Awe-Operetta ozithandayo. Eminyakeni eyishumi uhlobo wakhula bexhwalile, wafa. A ukwamukelwa Imre Kálmán, umculo ngokuphelele ayitholakalanga nokuvunywa ngesikhathi ukholo ngokwabo futhi lahlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemali. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ngithukuthelele izwe lonke futhi ngokwabo kuhlanganise umqambi ikhiyiwe efulethini aqashiwe emaphethelweni Graz, ukubhala umculo okuhle, futhi kusukela usiba lwayo iza Awe-Operetta lokuqala - "yasekwindla aqondisa". Premiere imisebenzi zenzeka e Budapest, futhi lapho reception kwaba ngaphezu efudumele, Kálmán sinqume ukuba siyibonise enhloko-dolobha. Ngo-1909, i-Vienna Awe-Operetta ihlombe ubuhlakani obusha, nempumelelo kamuva esasiwafanele walinda umqambi Berlin futhi Hamburg. Kálmán bashukumiseleka ukuba baphile eVienna ne uthola ukusebenza.

Kusukela kulo mzuzwana iqala Kálmán Awe-Operetta ukudala beyithela khulu, abanye babo babephakathi yimpumelelo, abanye hhayi bamelana novivinyo kwesikhathi. Noma kunjalo, wakwazi ukuthola udumo nengcebo. Waba Isigwili kakhulu, futhi konke sibonga umsebenzi onzima futhi ithalente. Impumelelo kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1933. Ngo-1932, lonke Vienna zashaya ihlombe ngogqozi womculo ngokuqeda iminyaka yakhe engu-50. Yena yanikezelwa imiklomelo kanye nemiklomelo ahlukahlukene. Kodwa ngo-1933, uchwepheshe umqambi sabonga yabhujiswa.

Awe-Operetta

Ukuqala ukubhala Awe-Operetta, Kálmán eba isitayela sakhe. ngemisebenzi yaKhe ukucwazimula ngokujabula. Kubonakala sengathi yanqamula konke amathemba namaphupho abo, okuyinto zanqwabelana okuningi ngoba nokuphila okunzima. Ngo-1912, yena kudala umsebenzi "Gypsy-prime" sokuthandaza, esasibonisa ngokugcwele emisha umqambi sika: Hungarian Folk imiculo, Ukwakheka okuxubile, isenzo ashukumisayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lo msebenzi ngeke ezimiselwe Nokho ukuzwa impumelelo, umculi kusukela lapho abaningi ukholelwa ukuthi usethole indlela yakhe. Waqala ukusebenza librettists professional nemisebenzi ngokuzikhandla.

Ngo-1915 Imre Kálmán "Silva" owaba ukuzwa, ubhekwa. Uba master wavuma we Awe-Operetta, ingcebo yakhe ikhula, angababaza ekugcineni ukuyeka ukukhathazeka ngekusasa. Ngo-1921, kudlalwé "Bayadere", ngo-1924 - "Maritsa". Umqambi ngokuqinile matasa indawo ehamba phambili e Vienna umculi, umculo dolobha wakhetha senkosi entsha.

Ngo-1926, i-Awe-Operetta, okuyinto sidalwe Imre Kálmán, "The Circus Princess", kwaba ukunqoba lakhe langempela. Bekuyindzawo emhlabeni ukuthi ngoba izilaleli walithanda Arias kulo msebenzi bebecula yonke indawo. Njengoba isenzo Awe-Operetta senzeka ngokwengxenye eRussia, akumangalisi ukuthi kwelinye ukusebenza sokuqala senzeka eMoscow.

Ungalindeli ngumpetha nesithi "Violet ka Montmartre", kuye kwaboniswa e Vienna, inombolo irekhodi izikhathi - 170! Kodwa ekuqaleni 30s kwaba nzima eYurophu nase-Austria, amaNazi bamiswa futhi Kálmán wayengumJuda. Wayefanele ukhathazeke futhi ngempilo yakho.

ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

Ngo-1938 Imre Kálmán, ogama biography kugcwele ubunzima nezinselele, baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye Austria. Okokuqala waya eParis, lapho wathola iButho Ukuhlonishwa, bese - e-United States. Waphila iminyaka engu-11 e-America, unhlangothi, futhi lapho ukunxusa umndeni wabuya Europe ukuhlala eParis. Ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe isikhathi Kálmán kudala operettas ezimbili kuphela - "Marinka" futhi "Arizona Lady", ongazange ngaphumelela ezifana imisebenzi ngaphambili umqambi.

ifa okudala

Imisebenzi Imre Kálmán namuhla eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba Waloba ingqikithi 17 operettas. 9 zazo ziye zaba ingxenye repertoire of amatiyetha eziningi zomculo hhayi kuphela e-Europe kodwa futhi e-United States. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona namanje abanye imisebenzi Symphonic nopiyano umqambi. Kuhle okudaliwe Kálmán bakholwe Awe-Operetta "Gypsy-prime", "iNdlovukazi Czardas", "Countess uMaritza", "The Circus Princess", "I Violet ka Montmartre".

Three uthando Imre Kalmana

Imre Kálmán waba nomlando siqu ezithakazelisa kakhulu, kwakunamabandla amathathu uthando oluqinile ekuphileni kwakhe. Umqambi kwaba, ngokuvamile, indoda unprepossessing: kwesiqu ezincane, izindawo ezinkulu Bald esemncane, udangele, eziyihlazo. Lutho boded kuye kwaphumelela kakhulu nabobulili obuhlukile.

Uthando lwakhe lokuqala omkhulu wawuphezu Paula Dvorak - ubuhle, Awe-Operetta umdlali waseshashalazini. Ngokokuqala ngqá embona ngosuku kwesizini okunqobayo kwezindaba Awe-Operetta wakhe wokuqala e Vienna. Kálmán Imre umzamo omkhulu welula ukunqoba inhliziyo diva, wayengumhlali abaneminyaka engama yakhe 10, romance yabo kwaba ekhungathekisayo. Kodwa ngishade umqambi Paula wayengafuni ukushiya. Wayazi ukuthi izingane yena akasoze abazi. Yena ekhathalele Imre, upheke kuye, ukunikeza induduzo, futhi waneliswa ukuphila okunjalo. Wahlushwa ukusebenza, kwaba khona yena. Kodwa idyll wayephezu. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-18 sishadile, uPaula ebulawa isifo sofuba. Umqambi usizi Kwakuyintokozo yodwa. Phakathi romance yabo, wenza Awe-Operetta yakhe ephambili kunawo wonke.

Phakathi nokuphila Paula bengicabanga mayelana nendlela ngeke Kálmán ukuphila ngaphandle kwawo. Yena njalo ayemphefumulele nomqondo wokuthi wayengeke ashade nowesifazane osemusha uzozala izingane zakhe. Kuze kube yimanje, yena wamethula esikhanyayo actress ahlukile Agnes Esterhazy. Phakathi umqambi nomlingisikazi kubaneka imizwa. Ngemva kokufa Paula Kálmán wayethemba ukushada Agnes. Wathenga wakhe indlu, yithela izimbali nezipho. Kodwa uma sengazi ukungathembeki kubangane, uyomthethelela, akukho ayengakwenza.

Ngo-1940, Kálmán wahlangana abakwamanye amazwe abasha kakhulu ezivela eRussia Vera Makinsk, owazama ukuba abe actress movie. Umqambi washaywa izikhathi zakhe zobusha futhi ubuhle. Washada Vera, kodwa umshado Loti nabaka Abram baxabana, yize kube izingane abathathu bazalwa. Ukholo ezizoqhubela emaphathini, ukuyothenga ezibizayo, amanoveli, hhayi kuphela Kálmán. Imre wamthethelela konke, wancenga hhayi umshiya, banakekele izingane. Bhala kwaba kanye kuphela, futhi ugqozi iyeke ukuba bamvakashele.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngemva unhlangothi ngo-1949, Kálmán kwaba ekhubazeke ingxenye yomzimba. Ukuphila kwakhe kwakuthakazelisa onzima, ehilelekile izingane ukuthi, ngazama ukubhala umculo, kodwa kuwumsebenzi ezimbi. Emuva ngo-1950 e-Paris, Imre Kálmán uzama ukusebenza ne Awe-Operetta yakamuva kakhulu, okuyinto kwaba ukwehluleka okuphelele kwazo umqambi. Okthoba 30, 1953 Kálmán wafa. Wembelwa e Vienna - edolobheni uyonqoba.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Enye iminyaka 4 Imre Kálmán asithandayo umculo, sasisebenza amahora angu ngaphansi amafasitela uprofesa, violin, lapho umshado. Kamuva, waqeqesha e ukudlala upiyano amahora 16 ngosuku, okwaholela ukulimala.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, Kálmán kwaba nomuntu ovamile kakhulu futhi kunengqondo. Kodwa kakhulu wesabe ngoLwezihlanu kanye nenombolo "13". Akalokothi esimisiwe kwesizini enmbololweni 13, naye wayekholelwa ukuthi lucky inombolo yakhe - "17", futhi sasizama ukugcina Awe-Operetta wangenzela okokuqala kwaba ngalezo zinsuku. Wayekholelwa nokuthi kwakunezinye le Awe-Operetta kufanele afake amagama abesifazane kuphela uma behlangabezana impumelelo.