Isihloko sokuzifundela uthisha. Uhlu lwezihloko zemfundo yokuzifundela uthisha wezibalo noma ulimi lwesiRussia

Ngokusho kososayensi, ulwazi lokuthi umuntu utholakala kabili njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ulwazi olwamukelwe ngaphambili lungase lungasebenzi. Namuhla kukhona ukwanda okuphawulekayo ekubalukeni komphakathi kwenqubo yezemfundo. Ngenye yezinsiza eziyisihluthulelo emphakathini. Mayelana nalokhu, indima ekhethekile ezweni lanamuhla linikezwa othisha.

Ukuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe

Ukuze uqhubeke nezikhathi, uthisha kumele ahlale ethuthukisa ulwazi lwakhe. Kuyadingeka ukuba aqonde wonke ubuchwepheshe obunayo bokufundisa nokufundisa, ngaleyo ndlela anikeze izimo zokuthuthukiswa kwakhe ngendlela efanele. Uhlelo lokuthuthukisa iziqu zabafundisi lufaka amafomu ahlukahlukene:

1. Ukufunda izifundo (njalo eminyakeni emihlanu).
2. Ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini ejwayelekile ye-OS, isifunda, idolobha.
3. Ukuzifunda.

Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yikuphi uhlobo lokugcina lwemfundo eqhubekayo.

Ulwazi jikelele

I-self-education iyinzuzo yokuzimela yokuzimela. Lo msebenzi ungenziwa ngokusebenzisa imithombo ehlukahlukene. Kulokhu, ukukhetha kuzoxhomeka ekuthambekeni nasekuthandweni komuntu ngokwakhe. I-self-education ihlobene kakhulu ne-self-education. Ikhuthaza ukuguquguquka okusheshayo ezimweni ezishintshayo zomphakathi nezombusazwe.

Ukukhethwa

Ukukhethwa kwesihloko sokuzifunda esikoleni kufanele kwenziwe ngokucabangela izinto ezithile. Okokuqala, isipiliyoni somuntu siqu kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe bothisha ngamunye liyabanjwa. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi noma yikuphi isihloko se-self-education, imfundo ihlale ihlobene nomphumela olindelekile. Zihloselwe ukuthola izinkomba ezintsha zokusebenza.

Imisebenzi yemisebenzi

Kumele kuhloswe ukufeza umgomo oyinhloko - ukukhuthaza othisha ekukhuleni komsebenzi. Ochwepheshe abaningi bangabumbana ukuze basebenze ngesihloko esiseduze kokuqukethwe komsebenzi wonyaka. Uma isikhungo silungiselela imisebenzi yokuhlola noma emisha, imibuzo yokuthola ulwazi oluzimele kufanele ifakwe ohlelweni. Indima ebalulekile kule msebenzi ingokomholi. Kufanele ifake isethi yemibandela lapho ukuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe komfundisi ngamunye kuzokwenzeka. Okuyinhloko yisimiso sokugqugquzela sokufakwa kancane kancane emsebenzini nokufundisa kwethimba ukuze kuthuthukiswe njalo.

Uhlelo lomsebenzi esihlokweni sokuzifunda

Ihlanganiswa njengesithasiselo kuhlelo oluphelile. Kungabelwa ngesimo setafula, ehlelwe kanje:

Le phrojekthi kufanele icacise ngokucacile wonke amaphuzu. Imibiko ingafundwa emabhandlwini emfundo. Bangakwazi futhi ukwenza njengengxenye yomcimbi wokuxoxisana. Ifomu lombiko kungaba yimuphi. Isibonelo, izingqungquthela kanye nokubonisana kungabanjelwa othisha. Umbiko osebenza emsebenzini uthatha ukusungulwa kokulawulwa kokusebenza mayelana nendaba ethize nokuqhubeka nokubona inqubo yezemfundo. Lokhu kuzovumela ekusebenzeni ukuhlola ukusebenza kwelwazi elitholiwe. Leli fomu lombiko kubhekwa njengentando yeningi kakhulu. Kulesi simo kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuguqulwa kwenqubo yokuzifundela ekugcineni ukugcinwa kwemibhalo eyengeziwe (izibalo, izitshalo, njll).

Amafomu

Ukuze uthole ulwazi ngokwakho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ungasebenzisa imithombo ehlukile. Izihloko zokuzifundela ngezibalo, kanye nakwezinye izihloko, zingatholakala ezincwadini nakuma-emabhukwini. Ukuphumelela futhi kubambe iqhaza emininingwaneni, izinkomfa zesayensi nezingokoqobo. Kunconywa ukuthi ugcine ikhodi yakho yekhadi kulokhu okucutshungulwayo.

Izincomo

Noma yikuphi isihloko somfundi we-self-education kufanele uthathwe yimithombo ehlukene. Lokhu kugqugquzela uthisha ukuba ahlaziye, aqhathanise, athole iziphetho, ahlele umbono wakhe ngendaba ethile. Kunconywa ukuthi ufunde ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani izinqolobane zamabhayiseti. Benza kufushane kakhulu isikhathi sokuthola ulwazi olufanele, ngoba amakhadi ngokuvamile aqukethe uhlu lwemibuzo eyisisekelo noma isichazamazwi encwadini. Kubalulekile nokufunda hhayi ukuqoqa kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuqoqa nokugcina imininingwane, amaqiniso, iziphetho. Kamuva zingasetshenziswa ezinkulumweni, emabhandlwini ezifundisa, ezingxoxweni nokunye.

Izinkomba eziyisisekelo

Bazimisele ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yothisha. Ukuze ufeze imigomo ebekiwe, uthisha kufanele abe nolwazi lwezingqondo, abe nezinga eliphezulu lesikhungo, i-erudition. Isihloko sezemfundo ekhethwe nguye kufanele senze futhi sithuthukise lamakhono. Phakathi kwezindawo eziyinhloko okufanele uthuthuke kuzo kuqala, singakwazi ukuqaphela lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Psychological and pedagogical. Ihloselwe abazali kanye nezingane.
2. I-Methodical. Ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili, amasu, izindlela namafomu.
3. I-Psychological. Kuhilela ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono obuholi, amakhono okuxhumana.
4. Legal.
5. Ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha yolwazi.
6. Ukulinganisa.
7. Ukuvikelwa kwezempilo.

Izinhlobo zomsebenzi

Zihlanganisa ngokuqondile inqubo yokuzifundela, ngokungaqondile noma ekuthinteni ngokuqondile ukukhula kochwepheshe. Izinhlobo zomsebenzi zihlanganisa:

1. Ukufunda ezinye izincwadi zokufundisa.
2. Ukuvakashelwa kokuqeqesha, izinkomfa, nezinye izenzakalo.
3. Ukufundwa kwezindaba, izincwadi zokuxhumana.
4. Ukuba khona njalo kwezifundo zokuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe.
5. Ukushintshaniswa okuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlangenwe nakho, izingxoxo, imihlangano nabalingani.
6. Ukuqhuba izifundo ezivuliwe zokuhlola abanye othisha.
7. Inhlangano yemisebenzi engaphezulu kwezemfundo.
8. Ukufunda ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha.

Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, uthisha ngamunye wenza uhlelo lomsebenzi esihlokweni se-self-education.

Imiphumela

Noma yimuphi umsebenzi ulahlekelwa incazelo yayo uma, ekugcineni, akukho mkhiqizo odalwa noma imisebenzi iyaziwa. Kuhlelo olulodwa, imiphumela okufanele ifinyelelwe esikhathini esithile kufanele iboniswe ngokungenakwenzeka. Bangaba:

1. Ishicilelwe noma ithuthukiswe izincomo zenqubo, izihloko, izifundo, izimo, izinhlelo.
2. Ukudala izindlela ezintsha zokufundisa.
3. Izinkulumo, imibiko.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezivivinyo, izinto eziphathekayo.
5. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezincomo zokusungulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha.
6. Inhlangano nokuziphatha kwezifundo ezivulekile ezihlokweni zabo zemfundo.
7. Ukuqeqesha, izingqungquthela, amakilasi ajwayelekile, ukukhiqiza okuhlangenwe nakho.

Inhlangano yale nqubo

Ukukhethwa kwesihloko sohlelo lokuzifundela uthisha kwenziwa ekuqaleni konyaka. It is fixed in the program of association methodical. Kumele kuthiwa kunezinketho eziningi. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi noma yikuphi isihloko esizifundisayo, emfundweni yokuqala, kumele kuhloswe ekuthuthukiseni izinga lemisebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamasu namasu amasha okufundisa.

Uhlelo lomuntu siqu

Kufanele icacise:

1. Isihloko se-self-education (igama).
2. Imigomo kanye nezinhloso.
3. Umphumela ohleliwe.
4. Izigaba.
5. Imigomo lapho isigaba ngasinye sizokwenziwa khona.
6. Imisebenzi eyenziwa ngesikhathi sesifundo.
7. Indlela yokubonisa imiphumela.

Ngemuva kwesihloko sokuzifundela kuye kwacwaningwa, zonke izinhloso ziye zafezwa futhi imisebenzi isiphelile, uthisha uqamba umbiko. Ihlaziya yonke imininingwane, ihlanganisa iziphetho nezincomo zabalingani.

Izinketho ezingenzeka

Njengomthetho, othisha ekuqaleni konyaka banikezwa izifundo zokuzifundela ku-GEF. Uhlu lungaba kanje:

1. Ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kwesiko lomntwana.
2. Izindlela eziyinhloko kanye namafomu okukhulisa okuqinisekisa ukubunjwa kwezinto ezingokomoya ezinganeni ezindala.
3. Ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kobuntu bokudala.
4. Uthisha weklasi lomsebenzi ukuvikelwa komphakathi kwengane.
5. Ikhono lemfundo yamaphephandaba nezokuxhumana.
6. Ubuchwepheshe bokufanekisa isimo sengempumelelo kubantwana besikole ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
7. Inhlangano yemisebenzi eqoqweni yokuqoqa ekilasini.
8. Ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza ngabanye nezingane.
9. Ukuziphathisa okwenziwe ekilasini.
10. Ukulungiselela izingane ngokuphila emakethe (kungasetshenziswa njengesihloko sokuzifundisa komfundisi wezinombolo, isibonelo).
11. Amafomu okuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba kwezingane ngemuva kwamahora (lokhu kungaba isihloko sokutadisha uthisha wemfundo engokwenyama).
12. Ukulungiselela izingane zokuphila komndeni (ezifanele uthisha-kwengqondo).

Isihloko se-self-education of the uthisha wezibalo

Ake sicabangele isibonelo esiwusizo. Isihloko singathathwa ngokuthi "Isingeniso sezobuchwepheshe zanamuhla zibe yinqubo yokufundisa ngesisekelo sokuhlukaniswa kwemfundo futhi ngesisekelo somuntu ngamunye." Izinhloso ziyizi:

• Ukuhlinzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene zokuthola ulwazi olugcwele, ngokucabangela amandla, amakhono, izithakazelo zezingane;
• Ukwandiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhle.

Imisebenzi yomsebenzi injena:

• Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuqhuba amakilasi ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe obusha.
• Ukuphelela kwamafomu nezinhlobo zokulawula nokuxilonga.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zesayensi-methodology, ezemfundo nezokufundisa.
• Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yolwazi nesisusa sezingane.

Uhlu lwemibuzo

Uhlu lwezinkinga ezibalulekile ngokujwayelekile lungaguquguqulelwa isihloko ngasinye. Isibonelo, isihloko sokuzifundiswa komfundisi welimi lwesiRussia kanye nezincwadi kungacabanga imibuzo elandelayo:

1. Ukutholakala kwezinto ezintsha kubusa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ukufakwa kwamazinga.
2. Sebenza ekwakheni indawo yokudala ekilasini, isimo sezulu esinempilo nesengqondo.
3. Ukusabalalisa okuhlangenwe nakho ezingeni lesifunda / lomasipala.
4. Ukuhlola, ukuzihlolisisa komsebenzi wabo wokudala.
5. Ukuthuthukiswa okuhlelekile nokuhlelekile kwezindlela zokufundisa kuzo zonke izigaba.
6. Ikhono lokunikeza usizo olusebenzayo kubalingani babo ekuqaliseni izinto ezintsha.
7. Esiklasini ngasinye, ukuhlaziya amakhono nezidingo zezingane, cabangela izici zeminyaka, qinisa intshisekelo kule ndaba.

Umphumela olindelekile

1. Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yolwazi nesisusa eklasini.
2. Ukwamukelwa kwamafomu amasha nezinhlobo zokuxilongwa.
3. Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamakilasi ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe obusha.
4. Ukwandisa inani labahlanganyeli emfundweni.

Ubuchwepheshe obusha

Ukufunda isihloko se-self-education, uthisha ubumba ubuchwepheshe obusha, bese ebazisa ngokusebenza. Phakathi kwabo kungase kube nezinyathelo ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuklama. Ngalendlela yokufunda, umfundi uhileleke ngokuqondile enkambweni yokuqonda. Ingane iqala ukuzimela ngokuzimela, iqoqa ulwazi oludingekile, ihlolisise izinketho zesisombululo, idonse iziphetho, yenza ukuzihlola.
• Ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha. Ziyizindlela zezindlela, izindlela, izindlela zokwenza izimo zokufundisa ngesisekelo se-PC, izindlela zokuxhumana zocingo kanye nesofthiwe esebenzisanayo. Imodeli yezobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha iyingxenye yemisebenzi yothisha yokuhlinzeka, ukuqoqa, ukwazisa ulwazi, ukuhlela ukuphathwa nokuqapha imisebenzi yezingane.

Isiphetho

Umfundisi wokuzifundela yisimo esidingekayo somsebenzi wakhe. Emphakathini, kwakukhona njalo izidingo eziphakeme kulo msebenzi. Ukuze ufundise abanye okuthile, udinga ukwazi okuningi kunabanye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uthisha kufanele akwazi ukuhamba ngesimo samanje, aqonde futhi ahlaziye izinkinga zamanje kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila. Ikhono lokuzifundela lithathwa yizinkomba zengqondo nezengqondo zothisha. Noma kunjalo, ngisho nezinga eliphakeme, le nqubo ayisoloko isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele ngendlela efanele. Lokhu ngokuvamile ngenxa yokungabi nesikhathi, imithombo yolwazi noma ikhwalithi ephansi, ukungabi nesikhuthazo, izidingo nokunye okunye. Nokho, ngaphandle kokuzifundela, ukukhula komsebenzi kothisha akunakwenzeka.