IRed Army isikhulu Alexander Pechersky: Biography. Aleksandra Pecherskogo feat: ukuvukela at Sobibor

Kwaba nzima ukuba basinde kule wafakwa ekamu lokuhlushwa lamaNazi. Kodwa laba bantu abangu wakhulela eSoviet Union, kungukuthi nje ukusinda - behlela kuvukela, ihlelwe mass basinda, njengokuthanda kwabo ukuba simelane kwaba akunandlela yokugqashula. Omunye iqhawe enjalo Wayengubani u-Alexander Pechersky - uLieutenant junior, bangahlangana ndawonye ne ibutho imvelo ekuqaleni kwempi, bese besekuthunjweni. Lapho isitha wathola ukuthi yena owayeyisiphathimandla hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ungumJuda, Isiphelo sakhe kokuvalelwa.

Sobibor

Umlando yokuvukela iziboshwa ekamu ukufa, itholakala eningizimu-empumalanga yePoland, is kahle owaziwayo West. ESoviet Union ngemva kwempi isinqumo ukuthethelela Poland venality nemvelo ecushiwe ingxenye enkulu yabantu bayo, kodwa ngenxa asemrarweni izinto nje umakhelwane eliseduze ezifihlakele ngendlela engacunuli. Alexander Pechersky ayikaziwa kuleli zwe, futhi lokho kuvukela at Sobibor iziboshwa kwesokunxele ngaphandle ngiyihlole ngobuqotho, nge ongafanelwe ngokuphelele. Futhi eNtshonalanga Yurophu nasemazweni Israyeli mayelana ekamu futhi ukuvukela wathwebula, izincwadi ezibhaliwe eziningi. Umholi amavukelambuso - Alexander Pechersky - eyaziwa phesheya futhi uyindaba ukuba yiqhawe elikhulu.

Yini ekamu amaNazi? Kungani-ke wadala? Lalivulwe ekuqaleni kuka-1942 ngenhloso yedwa - ukubhujiswa okuphelele futhi elingaphandle, okungukuthi, kohlanga emaJudeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwakukhona uhlelo olunzulu lapho bonke igxathu negxathu yonke inqubo. Futhi eminyakeni kwesigamu khona ekamu khona, kwashona namaJuda angaphezu kuka eziyinkulungwane namakhulu amabili namashumi ayisihlanu - izakhamuzi iPoland emazweni angomakhelwane aseYurophu.

ukubhujiswa ubuchwepheshe

Njengakuwo wonke emakamu okuhlushwa e Sobibor iziboshwa kwakukhona silula. Nciphisa-gauge wesitimela phambili ehlathini, zilethwe ngamabhomu nsuku zonke izitimela lonke. Kulawa, elithi a isibalo sabantu ukhethe enempilo, futhi nabanye bathunyelwa "kuya okugeza", okungukuthi, ukuba egumbini elinegesi nokulapho. Izintandokazi "indoda enkulu" emizuzwini eyishumi nanhlanu kungenzeka engcwatshiwe travel emigodini ekhethekile, eyayibonakala okuphekiwe uzingelezele inkamba. "Okugeza usuku" wabo wayengekho kakhulu, ngoba izindaba kwezomnotho ekamu ayenzima sondle iziboshwa akekho wayehamba. "Burly" isimo elahlekile ngokushesha.

Le ndlela yasungulwa amaNazi ayekhona, futhi wayekubheka njengelungelo kakhulu engabizi. Sasiphakathi ekamu ngalinye, futhi labo ababengaboshiwe. Ngaphezu SS, oqaphe Sobibor nabahlanganyeli, okungukuthi, zonke izinhlobo amambuka. Abaningi - Ukrainian Bandera. Abaningi babo nibaluleke indaba ahlukene ukuthi isintu khumbulani njalo indlela esabekayo kuba. Ngokwesibonelo, isiphetho ezithakazelisayo we-anti-iqhawe, kunokusebenza umuntu njengami Alexander Pechersky.

Ivan Demjanjuk

Ubani nje nempela owayeke wacabanga ukuthi cishe enkulungwaneni yesithathu namanje uzoqhubeka zezilingo, ezixhunywe ne yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe? Bambalwa ofakazi sikhathi ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla.

Icala le ndoda elaliyiSoviet, isiboshwa sempi, futhi kamuva - ikakhulukazi sadist begazi futhi torturer, umbonisi Sobibor, ngisho kamuva - isakhamuzi US Ivan (John) Demjanjuk yathatha unyaka nengxenye futhi yaphela umshushisi ekubulaweni amashumi ezinkulungwane ukuzibulala Sobibor. Demjanjuk wagwetshwa iminyaka engu asithoba anamihlanu ejele lezi ubugebengu.

lokho

Wazalelwa Lokhu subman ngo-1920 e-Ukraine. Kusukela ekuqaleni Omkhulu Demjanjuk Patriotic ngabuthelwa Red Army, futhi ngo-1942 umaluju. Ngo ekamu lokuhlushwa wazihlanganisa amaNazi. Yiba zikhunjulwe ekamu Treblinka, Majdanek, Flyusseborg. Employment Ingxabano - irekhodi agcwaliswa. Kodwa nge Sobibor isinde, njengoba kwenzeka yokuvukela futhi ngenze indlela yokuphunyuka iziboshwa, onogada kaziswa kuletha.

Ungase uyibone ngeso lengqondo, nalokho degree yonya sadism Demjanjuk ( "Ivan Grozny" I-SS) wenza umsebenzi esifushane labo akwazi ukubamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ubufakazi, kodwa imininingwane kabi zokuwatshala lapha. Ukuphunyuka yimpumelelo nje alikwazanga, nibakhiphele ngaphandle kwekamu ukufa. Ngo Sobibor futhi babengakwazi, kuze kwafika Alexander Pechersky wamasosha abantu iqhawe. inhlangano Underground wayeseGibithe enkambeni, kodwa kwakugcwele abantu luyingxenye empini, ngaphandle ngokuvamile afele egumbini elinegesi nokulapho. Escape Kwakuhlelwe, kodwa uhlelo akusebenzanga ngisho ukufinyelela kowamanqamu.

ULieutenant kusukela Rostov-on-Don

Aleksandr Aronovich Pechersky, ogama biography cishe kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe ayikaziwa lalolo jikelele ezweni lenkaba yakhe, futhi, Ngazalelwa e-Ukraine, Kremenchug, ngo-1909. Ngo-1915, umndeni mmeli, uyise, bathuthela Rostov-on-Don, eyachitha konke ukuphila kwayo Alexander wazizwa lakubo. Ngemva kwesikole, wathola ngogesi ifektri waya eyunivesithi. Kakhulu uyakuthanda ukusebenza amateur, futhi izilaleli futhi bayakuthanda.

Ngosuku lokuqala impi uLieutenant yesibili Alexander Pechersky esendleleni eya phambili. Iposi wayengumuntu onjalo ngoba wayethethelela iziqu zaseyunivesithi. Alexander walwa amaNazi eduze Smolensk ku ibutho wezikhali of the Army 19. Vyazma azungeza, Pechersky nozakwabo, ethwele emahlombe abo umlawuli eyayilimele, ukulwa ukuze ifohle front line, okuyinto vele uye wathuthela kakhulu. Yasiphelela Ammo. amasosha abaningi balimala noma ukugula okungathí sina - akulula kangako emakhazeni ukuze bangena emanzini nasemaxhaphozini. Iqembu esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe futhi disarmed kanzima ngamaNazi. Waqala kanjalo-ke mina siboshwa.

In ekuthunjweni

IRed Army waxosha entshonalanga - kusuka ikamu ekamu, futhi-ke, labo sasiyokhonza ngasezinkwalini kuphela. IRed Army isikhulu u-Alexander Pechersky balalela akazange afune ukufa, futhi, nethemba yokuphunyuka akuyona neze kwesokunxele. UmJuda, wayengekho nibonakala efanayo, ngakho amaNazi uma doznatsya (Olahlwe) mayelana ubuzwe bakhe, ngokushesha wathumela kuye kuze kube sekufeni Sobibor. Bekanye Alexander ikamu laba kungathi abantu abangamakhulu ayisithupha.

Kubo okwesikhashana kwesokunxele ukuphila ayisishiyagalombili kuphela, abanye ihora uyaphila wayesehambile. Alexander siwela Husky isigaba, futhi kamuva ngathola ukuthi yena wokubaza uyazi, ukuze ningaweli neligwadulekile, sizosebenza lonke Germany nasemakamu okuhlushwa. Ngakho sanquma amaNazi, kodwa uLieutenant Caves kusukela Sobibor. Illusions babe alien kumholi webutho lezempi, wayeqaphela kahle ukuthi uma ungenawo ukumbulala manje, kamuva kuzokwenza kube impoqo. Futhi yilokhu kwephuza kwezinto kubalulekile ukuze anikeze amaNazi impi yokugcina, ukwenza feat yakhe yakamuva. Aleksandra Pecherskogo akulula kangako ukuze abulawe.

uhlelo

iqembu Underground wachaza ukuthi amahlumela olulodwa akanakuba nazinto kunoma iyiphi enye ekamu njengemiphumela ngocingo oluhlabayo ngeke abashiye. Wafuna kuvukela, lapho ukubaleka ekamu kufanele kube nanoma yini nje, ngoba lonke uyobulawa nakanjani, kodwa ngemva kokuba sokuhlushwa nokuhlukumeza. Umuntu kumelwe amane ukubheka ubuso Bandera, abahambe bedlula lekamu nibulale ubani bafuna futhi noma nini uma befuna. Futhi kusenzima akekho umelana futhi akusho buzit. Ayesele ekamu emuva kokweqa uyohlushwa ngolaka.

Yiqiniso, abaningi kakhulu uyofa phakathi aphunyuke. Kodwa ngamunye labo ababaleka uzothola ithuba. ekomidini Underground yagunyaza uhlelo esiye ezihlongozwayo. Ngakho-ke ingabe indawo entsha, ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe, u-Alexander Pechersky - Umholi yokuhlubuka. Cishe zonke iziboshwa wayetsheliwe plan yokuphunyuka, evunyiwe le ndlela. Die kusadingeka, ngakho-ke kungcono hhayi ngakho buthaka isixuku oyisimungulu nezimvu ukuhamba ukuze egumbini elinegesi nokulapho. Dying ngenhlonipho kuyadingeka, uma kukhona kungenzeka enjalo.

Iqhinga luyingxenye Jewish

Iqiniso lokuthi ekamu owawukhona hhayi kuphela wokubaza, kodwa futhi ukuthunga. Ubani kangcono ukuze bakwazi ukwakha umthungi Jewish ngempela nice SS yomuntu ihlezi iyunifomu yakhe? Tailor izitimela ukuzibulala ekuhlaseleni futhi ukulandwa njengoba ababazi nabakhi, fana they were hhayi "indoda enkulu." Ukuze izidingo abathungi omkhulu German zazidingeka ikakhulukazi. Lapha e-workshop yokuthunga futhi konke kwaqala. Bandera onogada, ngendlela, futhi, akazange usuyabenyanya amasevisi.

Futhi ngo-October 14, 1943 ahlomile, zazulazula ekamu, ngamunye ngamunye waqala sokuyenga kufaneleka, lapho ohazhival izembe noma waklinywa ngentambo, bese disarmed futhi embondelene in sela. Ngenxa yalesi umsebenzi bebelokhu iziboshwa ezithile ezikhethiwe abanolwazi karate. Into ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi u-Alexander Pechersky, hero le ndaba, kwaba ngo Sobibor, isikhathi esingaphansi kwamasonto amathathu, kodwa kakade wakwazi ukwakha squad, okwazi ngokunembile futhi njalo isinyathelo. Lezo zinto zenziwa yilawa intando yakhe nokuzimisela ukwenza ngokwezwi lakho.

Ukuphunyuka

Buthule futhi bengabonakali emehlweni komfokazi lashabalala amaJalimane nanye futhi cishe bonke khulula unogada onogada. Kuphela ngaleso sikhathi kwaphakamisa alamu, futhi Sobibor ekuhlaseleni baphoqeleka ukuba wenze intuthuko. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-Isigaba sesibili we plan, lwentiwe Aleksandrom Pecherskim. Trophies ahlomile iziboshwa waqala ukudubula onogada asele. Wayesebenza phezu isibhamu umbhoshongo, futhi uthole kuye kwakungekho ndlela yokuphambukela. Abantu babebaleka. Bawa phezu ngocingo oluhlabayo, imizimba yabo kuvuleke indlela yokuba akanye nalo. Killed by izibhamu Ukuvutha, ezimayini ukuthi Bazungeza inkambi, kodwa akazange ayeke kokufutheka.

kwaphulwa Gates, futhi nakhu - inkululeko! Noma kunjalo, omunye namashumi amathathu anabantu abavela cishe angamakhulu ayisithupha wahlala ekamu: ewuthi lokuvungula futhi ogulayo, labo, uma kungekhona namuhla, khona-ke kusasa - ekamelweni igesi. Kwakukhona labo ezithenjwayo ukuthobeka nokwethembeka kwakhe umusa phezu ingxenye amaNazi. Lutho! Ikamu abasekho. Ngosuku olulandelayo, bonke abanye badutshulwe, futhi ngokushesha Sobibor labhujiswa. Izwe ngokwalo icekelwa phansi ogandaganda futhi batshala iklabishi yakhe. Ukuze ngisho kungekho inkumbulo kwesokunxele ukuthi lalilapho phambi. Kungani? Ngoba kwaba ihlazo ngenxa eJalimane lobuNazi - iziboshwa ewuthi lokuvungula waphunyuka, kodwa namanje omuhle.

Imiphumela

Freedom yazuza engaphansana nje kwengu-ekuhlaseleni abangamakhulu amathathu futhi kancane kuka ayisishiyagalombili uthole ukufa ekhazimulayo ngesikhathi sekhefu. Ngokulandelayo, kwadingeka banqume ukuthi bayaphi, njengoba bonke babekhona ezinhlangothini ezine: evuleleke ngababaleki. Kwaze kwaphela amasonto amabili baya abazingeli. Omunye namashumi ayisikhombisa abantu wafihla behluleka. Bandera wabathola futhi wabulawa. Cishe zonke oluvelele zendawo, futhi, kwaba anti-lwamaSemite.

Cishe ayisishiyagalolunye ngababaleki bahlushwa ngisho Bandera-Ukrainian Polish. Yiqiniso, akekho babamba ukufa okusheshayo akafile. Phakathi necala ngokwengxenye olunikezwa isiphetho okukhethayo. Killing ikakhulu labo abakhethe ukufihla ePoland. Zonke ezinye waya Aleksandrom Pecherskim yonkana Bug eBelarus, bafumana abashokobezi zawo futhi wasinda.

okwazalelwa

Pecherskiy Aleksandr Aronovich kuya itjhaphuluko yenarha yekhethu kusukela abahlaseli amaNazi alwa njengoba Shchors engabandlululi kwaba webhomu yimpumelelo, futhi wabe esebuyela iRed Army, wahlangana ngo-May 1945 nge elisezingeni likakaputeni. Walimalela, waphathwa esibhedlela eduze eMoscow, lapho ahlangana khona nomkakhe esizayo, u-Olga. Imiklomelo ayenakho kancane, naphezu indlela, egcwele ubunzima umshikashika. kweminyaka emibili basekuthunjweni - kuba, njengoba umthetho, ngisho nemisindo ngeso lengulube. Nokho, indondo "Ukuze Izikhungo e Battle" ayenakho. Futhi esikhundleni Order besizukulwane seMpi Patriotic, yena yethulwa.

Izizathu Yiqiniso, kuyaqondakala. Ukuvukela at Sobibor akukhona ukweqisa emaphephandabeni, ngoba babehlelwe mono-yobuhlanga, kodwa ukugxila lokhu eSoviet Union ayizange yamukelwe - International taxied zonke, hhayi amaJuda. Kwa-Israyeli Caves waba iqhawe lesizwe, futhi ubuhlobo phakathi nesikhathi wezwe lakithi futhi ezweni lesethembiso kuyinto omuncu kakhulu. Futhi akekho lapha wayengafuni ukuvukela ukuhlola ezingeni wombuso, njengoba osekwenziwe khona. Futhi-ke, Poland. Izicukuthwane oqhoshayo wayeyokwenza ngokuqinisekile uye wacasula, thina yokutshela wonke umhlaba kwathiwa lo nabasePoland abulawe labo iziboshwa esasisanda lakwazi ukugwema ke, ekamelweni igesi i-minefields ... eSoviet Union akulona ngesaba ukudumaza sezenhlalo Poland, akafunanga. Kodwa ekugcineni bonke imfihlo ngokuqinisekile kuba sobala.

postscript

A iqhawe lesizwe Alexander Pechersky Israyeli wakufeza Januwari 1990 lwakhe lwendabuko Rostov-on-Don. Futhi wayejabule. Ngo-2007, kwi odongeni lwendlu lapho ayehlala khona, kwakukhona uqwembe. Ngo-2015 omunye emigwaqweni Rostov-on-Don yaqanjwa iqhawe. Futhi ngo-2016 yena waba kwakhe ukhishwa Order of Isibindi.