Insulin futha - ukufakwa, izinhlobo, isicelo

Isayensi yanamuhla wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze kube lula ukuphila abanesifo sikashukela. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, isiguli ngasinye kwadingeka ukuba baphathe isibhamu, manje kakade athuthukile idivaysi lula kakhulu inqubo yokwazisa hormone. amadivaysi Modern, ngokuthi insulini amaphampu, ukwenza ngcono izimpilo zabantu, ngaphezu kwalokho, bakwazi sihlale njalo siqaphele izinga likashukela egazini futhi kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa yezinkinga ezihlobene nalesi sifo.

amadivaysi Injongo

amathuluzi Modern zihluke ngokuphelele olimini nalawo ekuqaleni kwendalo ngokuzenzakalela insulini amaphampu. Nakuba isimiso umsebenzi wabo isalokhu injalo. Isifutho se-insulin yakhelwe esikhundleni kwezibaya insulini, okuyizinto ihlupha abantu abaphethwe isifo sikashukela. Kuze eduardo ukusabalala kule divayisi, iziguli baphoqeleka izikhathi eziningana ngosuku ukwenza ngokwakho insulin ukuphila. Umbutho lingacushwa ngokucacisa imodi insulin ukulethwa futhi umthamo oyifunayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngokuthi imisebenzi yansuku zonke, ungakhetha ongakhetha eziningana edonsa i-hormone, ngiphakamisa umthamo nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye.

ukusetshenziswa njalo futha kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukuphila okuvamile. Idivayisi, ngokuvumelana amagugu zahlelwa, yena uyokwethula inkulumo umthamo edingekayo le-hormone. Ukudla ngendlela efanele akubangi ukungakhululeki, vele uchofoze kudivayisi inkinobho ekhethekile, futhi ngaphansi kwesikhumba isamba esengeziwe sika-insulini okumele injected.

Isakhiwo futha

Kungakhathaliseki nomkhiqizi futhi intengo kudivayisi wonke amadivayisi zifana. Zakhiwa zingxenye ezilandelayo:

• ngqo insulini futha, okubandakanya indlela yokulawula kanye nedatha ukucutshungulwa, amabhethri;
• sinekhono insulini, okuyinto ngaphakathi apharathasi;
• isethi esikhiphekayo, it siqukethe isimiso amapayipi yokuxhuma kanye cannula ngokusebenzisa owenziwa kanye ama-hormone ongama.

Okumbi kwaqina yokwelapha

Isenzo futha siqondiswe yokuthi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuba esikhundleni amanyikwe. Ngaphambili, lapho kwaqina yokwelapha, abantu badinga amaningi insulin, ezama ukulingisa imodi umzimba yemvelo wokusebenza. Kulokhu, isiguli saphathwa ezimbili izinhlobo hormone: ultra action esifushane futhi isikhathi eside. Insulin umjovo we uhlobo lwesibili kwakudingeka wenziwe kabili ngosuku (ngokuvamile ekuseni nakusihlwa). Kodwa ifomu wokuqala hormone saphathwa lapho isidingo it in inyuka umzimba, isibonelo lapho udla. imijovo engeziwe ye ultrashort esebenza insulini ngokuthi i bolus. Ngakho, nsuku zonke isiguli sikashukela okudingeka ukwenze 2 imijovo hormone eside esebenza futhi okungenani ezingu-3 - iDemo. Kodwa ngisho umbuso enjalo akakwazi belingisa umsebenzi kwamanyikwe, ukuze iziguli njalo sibhekene kahle kungakhuphula izinga likashukela ebusuku, saneliswe ngokuthela kwezindebe ushukela ekuseni.

Lo mshini wezenzo zedivayisi

ukuphatha okuzenzakalelayo le-hormone esiza ukuqeda izinkinga isisindo ezihlobene. Isifutho se-insulin yakhelwe ukwethulwa ultra ngemithamo ongaphakeme insulin ukuthi ulingisa ukusebenza zemvelo cishe wonke umzimba. Umqulu kanye nokuvama ekuphathweni zikhethwa ngokuqinile kumuntu ngamunye, kuya ngezidingo ngamunye. Okusho ukuthi, umzimba uthola ama-hormone okukhula, njengoba kudingeka ngalesi sikhathi. Ngenxa yale njongo futhi badinga isifutho se-insulin. Izibuyekezo iziguli sikashukela bathi ukuphila kwabo kuye kwaba ngcono lapho umuntu eba kule divayisi.

Umgomo we operation kanje. I futha ngokwawo ichibi nge-insulini. Ixhumeke nge amashubhu ne cannula (plastic inaliti) okuyinto ufakwa amafutha ongama esiswini. piston Special ngesivinini esinqunyiwe ngazo phansi isitsha, ukuhlinzeka ukulokhu hormone. Kodwa ngalé kwalokho, ngamunye isifutho se-insulin inikeza bolus kungenzeka insulin, okuyinto edingekayo ngesikhathi sokudla. Kuyinto ngokwanele ukuba ucindezele inkinobho ekhethekile.

Expendables

kudivayisi okuzenzakalelayo for insulin uyakwazi ukwenza ukuphila kube lula abanesifo sikashukela. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalo lihlotshaniswa eziningi izinkinga. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kubo - isidingo njalo bezothenga ngoba isifutho se-insulin. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• ichibi lapho kuyinto insulini;
• cannula, okuyinto ifakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba;
• ipayipi yokuxhuma iyunithi nenaliti.

Uma idivayisi ine ozikhethela control sici glucose, ukuthi izinto ekushintsheni sihlehlela emuva inzwa, elinganisa lokuhlushwa ushukela.

izinkomba ukumpompa

Susa kusukela epilweni yangamalanga insulini esebenza umjovo - iphupho zonke sikashukela. Njengamanje, njalo nesineke cishe kungenziwa aluthola isifutho se-insulin. Izibuyekezo zabantu abaningi abasebenzisa lezi amadivayisi abonisa ukuthi abazi ngilihawukele imali wachitha.

Ngakho, kungcono ukuthenga futha labo ukudlala ezemidlalo, impilo ekhuthele kakhulu kanye nalabo abafuna ukufihla kwabanye yokugula kwakhe. Ezifana yokwelapha insulini ukuthi izingane kanye entsheni, ngoba abesifazane abahlela ukuba abe unina, futhi kulabo bantu babe izinkinga zesifo sikashukela zenzeka. Khuluma mayelana nokusetshenziswa esiyisibopho amaphampu can futhi ezimweni lapho kukhona kahle kungakhuphula izinga likashukela njalo, futhi wamemezela ekuseni syndrome ne okungazelelwe ushukela spikes.

Okumbi zokusebenzisa i-parachute

Ngaphambi unquma ukuthenga lokhu apharathasi ezibizayo, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele ukuthi unakho eziningi nemiphumela ethile engathandeki kanye contraindications. Ngakho, ububi eyinhloko intengo amaphampu kanye okudlekayo ngabo. Ukusebenzisa izindleko umshini iziguli ayizinkulungwane 6-7 ngenyanga. Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela ekhetha ukuthenga umshini ngokuzimela elawula ezingeni glucose, izindleko zenyanga ukusetshenziswa walo luyokhula by izikhathi 2-3.

Kodwa ngisho noma isiguli angakwazi ukukhokhela isifutho se-insulin, ungakhohlwa mayelana eziningi Izimo. Lezi zihlanganisa iconsi osobala acuity ezibukwayo, kuhlanganise ubumpumputhe, encishisiwe ezingeni nabanengqondo futhi ekhona izinqubo iguliswa noma ukuvuvukala kuthiwa isebenze endaweni besisu.

Pumps izingane

Ngeshwa, ngokuvamile uhlobo lokuqala sikashukela iqala ukuvela eminyakeni yobungane. Ukuze kube lula ukuphila ingane, abazali banquma isikhathi abafuna esikhundleni umjovo njalo isifutho se-insulin. Kodwa ngo ngokukhetha le Iyunithi ingane kufanele inake izici. Ngakho, ngaphambi kokuyithenga kuyadingeka ukuba banake ijubane ngawo insulin wakhonza. Uma ingane umthamo ezincane nsuku zonke, kungcono ukuba banake apparatuses uyakwazi ukuhlinzeka i-hormone amayunithi 0,025 noma 0.05 ngehora. Intsha benesidingo ephezulu insulini kahle ukukhetha idivayisi nge ichibi elikhulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi futha kwaba ifakwe uphawu lokuthi umsindo lapho bolus pass ngenkathi bedla.

Ngokwesibonelo, inkampani Medtronic isungule veo insulini futha izingane. Usayizi compact, kalula zokusebenzela, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo of namazinga kashukela egazini futhi amasignali uma iguquka ukuvumela abazali ukuqapha isimo izingane zabo. Futhi, umshini ayikuvumeli ukweqa olandelayo bolus umthamo esidlweni ngesilinganiso ushintsho uqaphile ushukela okuhlushwa. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi idivayisi yathengwa, kubalulekile ukulawula izingane yanoma yimuphi yobudala. Abazali kumele bagade ngokucophelela isimo ingane hhayi bakhohlwe ukuthi cannula kancane kancane avimbekile, kanye insulin angabe esehlela ibe yisikali esifanele. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqapha ezingeni kwebhethri evula umpompi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhetha okudlekayo kwesokudla. Ngokwesibonelo, izingane zisebenzisa izinaliti emifushane, ipayipi obuphelele nayo kushintshwe ngamunye.

Njengoba izinto ezisetshenziswayo

Uma unquma ukuthenga futhi okuzenzakalelayo kudivayisi ekuphathweni insulin, kuba okokuqala okudingekayo okungakusiza ukuba ubhekane ngemisebenzi atholwe isifutho se-insulin. Ukulifaka kanje.

1. Kuyadingeka ukuba uthole kwesigubhu insulini kanye ukususa piston.
2. Inalidi ufakwa isitsha nge-hormone, it is wavuma emoyeni kusukela isitsha insulin. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka a cleaner ku ukunxenxa imithi.
3. Esebenzisa i-hormone piston is akhishwa phakathi ethangini ke inaliti iyasuswa. Kwakheka ku isitsha kunesidingo sokwenza air Bubbles.
4. Kwesigubhu ixhunywe ipayipi futhi ifakwe isikhala esinikeziwe e futha. Ngemva kwalokhu, ukushayela insulini ngohlelo tube futhi ususe emoyeni bevalelekile. Lokhu kwenziwa ngaphambi ipayipi unamathele cannula ukuze zigweme ukuthintana ngokweqile insulin emzimbeni.
5. Iphela idivayisi uxhumano iqoqo inaliti ohlelweni.

Ngaphezu ekushintsheni ethangini, njalo nesineke kufanele wazi kangaki udinga ukushintsha cannula. Lokhu kwenziwa hhayi ngaphansi kuka 1 isikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu 4, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni isifutho se-insulin ifakiwe. Medtronic, isibonelo, uncoma ekushintsheni cannula ngokuvamile, ngoba bangaba ivimbekile. Nabo kubalulekile ukushintsha isethi ukumnika: inaliti ipayipi. Kodwa ethangini ingahlala izinsuku ezingu-10.

abakhiqizi abaziwayo

Okwamanje, i-Russia akuyona ezihlukahlukene inkulu kakhulu amadivayisi ezinikeza entry ngokuzenzakalela we-insulin. Ngokukhululekile kuyatholakala emakethe kukhona insulin iphampa "Medtronic" kanye Accu-Chek. Sinenkosi Amahhovisi e-Russia, ngakho abanesifo sikashukela awanandaba nge yokufuna okudlekayo kunesidingo.

Iningi ezishibhile insulini futha 'Medtronic' dlula isiguli ruble ezingaphezu kuka-80 eziyinkulungwane. Uzokwenza ukuba ufake i-hormone nge rate ubuncane amayunithi 0.05. ngehora. Nokho, lokhu umakhi inikeza nezinketho ezibizayo. Ziyakwazi ukulawula emakamu ushukela, ukuqapha izinguquko zalo ezingeni futhi sixwayisa ngokusondela ingozi bokukhulisa noma ukwehlisa izinga layo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi ngokwayo kungasikhumbuza ka nesidingo sokwethula umthamo bolus le-hormone ngesikhathi sokudla.

Insulin futha Accu-Chek (Roche) izobiza eshibhile kancane, inketho ezingabizi kakhulu kuwufanele mayelana 60 ayizinkulungwane. Ruble. Lokhu apharathasi sihlinzekela ukusetshenziswa insulini Penfill ivolumu 3 ml, esikhundleni ithangi. Iphinde kunciphisa nezindleko yokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Roche inkampani ukhiphe futha waterproof ngokugcwele ifakwe ivolumu kwesigubhu at amayunithi 315 hormone.

Development "Medtronic"

Advanced inkampani American Medtronic insulini futha sidalwe Paradigm. Idivayisi athuthukile evumela baphethe ukwelashwa ezingeni eliphakeme. Kuncike kungenxa yokuthi idatha screen ezingeni futha glucose sikhonjiswa njalo ngesikhathi sangempela, basuke sashintsha njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engu-5. Lokhu kwaqala ngemva ukuthuthukiswa inzwa ekhethekile, okuyinto igibele ngendlela efanayo njengoba cannula, futhi usebenzisa omsakazo ubuchwepheshe ithumela ukwaziswa futha.

Lapho lokuhlushwa ushukela insulini ukumpompa 722 azokwazisa nge isignali ekhethekile. Lokhu ugwema hypo- noma giperklikemii, isikhathi esichithwa ukulungiswa ezifanele ezingeni insulin ukulethwa. I ethile ebaluleke kakhulu izindleko idivayisi, intengo salo ayizinkulungwane 130. Ruble, futhi inguqulo yakamuva kuwufanele cishe izinkulungwane 200. Izindleko Expensive nezinto, ngoba inzwa kanye ukumnika isethi kufanele zishintshwe emva kwezinsuku 3-5.