Ingozi yezikhukhula. Yiziphi izincomo sabantu ekuziphatheni ephephile

Izikhukhula ezindaweni ezithile ngoba kokuphuma amanzi amazinga e imifula, amachibi, izilwandle nakho nezinye machibi okubangelwa inflow okungazelelwe nochichima yamanzi ibizwa ngokuthi uzamcolo. Kungenzeka ngenxa imvula, snowmelt, umoya yokwanda kwama, kanye ice sezimoto, ukuminyana nezinye izinhlekelele zemvelo.

imiqondo eyisisekelo

Ochwepheshe ukukhomba namakilasi amaningana yezikhukhula. Kuye kubo, ukuhlukanisa futhi ukuhlola ubukhulu ukusabalala yalokho okungase kulandele. Ukusho ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi ingozi yezikhukhula, kubalulekile ukuqonda kahle ukuthi lisengozini. Phela, okokuqala kudingeka wazi, kungaba nemiphumela emibi.

Ngakho, i-izinhlekelele yabadobi, uma kuziwa okuthiwa uzamcolo ongaphakeme, umonakalo ngokuvamile encane. Shisisa ezindaweni ezincane kancane ezindaweni ezisogwini, amanzi is hhayi ningi than 10% imizimba amanzi eduze umhlaba wokulima. Lokhu akwephuli indlela yokuphila evamile sabantu.

isikhukhula High Ugcwalise kakade 10-15% womhlaba wokulima. Lapho besondela ukuqhuba ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi ngokwengxenye kwabantu. izinhlekelele ezinjalo zingenza izinguquko yokuphila kwezomnotho kanye umthengi bendawo, idale umonakalo eside, kokubili zokuziphatha nezinto ezibonakalayo.

Akunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yini ingozi yezikhukhula uma basonta isigaba ezivelele. Khangela, basibekele wonke emfuleni elisemcengezini, ugcwalise mayelana 50-70% azo zonke umhlaba wokulima, owabangela umonakalo enkulu ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, abantu baphume egcwele amadolobha asogwini nasemizaneni, Ukuvikelwa lezinto abalulekile emphakathini. Imisebenzi yezomnotho kuyinto akhubazeke umzimba wonke.

Lapho izikhukhula eziyinhlekelele kwamanzi kukhona nezindawo eziningi ezingazodwa, ngezidingo, izitshalo zezimboni, ezingaphezu kuka-70% ezweni anikezelwe ezolimo. Bona idale umonakalo impahla eningi futhi kubangele ukufa. Ngokuphelele ikhubazeke imisebenzi ezindaweni zakhona ezabelwe, okwakusendlini zone inhlekelele, kanye nezimpilo sabantu siyashintsha.

Izimbangela izikhukhula

Ukuze uthole ukuthi yini ingozi yezikhukhula, yiziphi izincomo omphakathi ekuziphatheni ephephile, kubalulekile ukwazi uhlobo ukubonakaliswa yayo.

Ngakho, nesikhukhula, isibonelo, kwenzeka ngenxa encibilika iqhwa izimvula ezina kakhulu ezintabeni. Basuke okuphindaphindiwe cishe njalo ngonyaka kule sizini efanayo. Libhekene yizikhukhula abalulekile futhi isikhathi eside ekuphakameni kwamanzi.

Izikhukhula zenzeka ngenxa iqhwa ukuncibilika ngesikhathi thaws nezimvula ezinamandla. Ngenxa yalesi sezulu izenzakalo ezimbi ngokwedlulele kunzima ukulandelela imvamisa. Lo rise amanzi kungaba kukhulu, kodwa okwesikhashana.

Izikhukhula, kubangelwa ukuminyana (ekuqongeleleni ice ku ezinamatshe eziphansi emifuleni) noma uhlanganyela ice amadamu (ice odla isiteshi yangaphakathi) senzeka ebusika-entwasahlobo isikhathi. Lapho amanzi ukuminyana liphakame, kodwa okwesikhathi esifitshane. Futhi lapho iqhwa sezimoto, okuyinto zenzeka ekuqaleni ebusika, izikhukhula uphikelela ngaphezulu.

Abatakuli ukwazi ukuthi ingozi yezikhukhula kubangelwa yokwanda kwama. Ngeke wabikezela kusengaphambili, kungase uqale nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amanzi liphakame ngokwanele.

Lapho kuqala igagasi, kwakhiwa idamu amakhefu eziphuthumayo ukukhululwa amanzi USB ukuthi amanzi ezikhukhula ahlala ezindaweni ezinkulu, abhubhise nazo esendleleni egodukayo futhi izindawo zezimboni.

izici ezithinta

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyini izizathu, okwaholela izikhukhula, bonakalisa amandla eyodwa - kwamanzi. Lapho kuhlolwa lokho ingozi yezikhukhula, kubalulekile ungacabangi nje kuphela ngokuthi endaweni, saba ngaphansi kokulawula izakhi, kodwa futhi ukugeleza velocity, izinga lokushisa lamanzi, ezingeni walo omkhulu. isikhathi esibalulekile konyaka, lapho kwakukhona esiphuthumayo. Ukunakwa ikhokhelwa ekuphumeni amanzi amazinga.

Zonke lezi zici ekuhlanganisweni enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukulinganisa lokho ingozi yezikhukhula. OBZH libuye lithi akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana nezinye izingozi. Ngakho, kungenzeka umlilo ezisuka kusukela ukwahlukanisa kanye ukwahlukanisa kusuka babashayeli kukagesi, nciphisa kwezakhiwo kanjalo nezinhlaka. Asikwazi ukuvala amathuba ubhubhane nokuqubuka.

Izinkinga main

Lapho ugcwalise zonke nomonakalo obangelwa ukugeleza kwamanzi. umonakalo Okungenzeka kuzoya kakhulu. Kodwa noma kunjalo kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ingozi yezikhukhula. Ngakho, ngenxa yokuthi angaba nezinkinga ezifana:

- ukuguguleka ugu;

- izindawo amanzi, umhlaba, izakhiwo commercial nezezimboni;

- izakhiwo umonakalo ubunjiniyela: amabhuloho, ojantshi, emigwaqweni emikhulu, imigudu, uwoyela negesi amapayipi;

- ukubhujiswa nezokuxhumana kanye izakhiwo wokubacindezela: zokuxhumana, amadamu.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini uzamcolo izingozi, yiziphi izincomo ukunciphisa ukulahleka futhi kuvimbele kungenzeka lokufa kwabantu. Ngaphezu imiphumela ngenhla futhi umonakalo kungenzeka izakhiwo kwizakhamuzi kanye namabhizinisi, ekunciphiseni-dolobha yawo. Phela, ngenxa yokuchayeka amanzi wabhubhisa ungqimba usimende, izingxenye lokhuni siqale ukubola, inhlabathi ngaphansi esisekelo kwaluqeda.

izici ehlobene ezithinta

Ngaphezu umthelela elibanga amandla okubhubhisa amanzi, ungakhohlwa mayelana nokwenzeka imililo ngenxa izifunda okufutshane e zikagesi ensimbi alenga. Kodwa namanje kude kusukela ephelele uhlu yini ingozi yezikhukhula.

Kungabangela subsidence yamadwala loessial. Futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka emva izikhukhula nokudilika kwenhlabathi, izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze, mudflows. umonakalo Okungenzeka yemvelo kuya lithosphere, hydrosphere nomkhathi ngenxa ukungcoliswa amakhemikhali noma enemisebe zensimu. Izikhukhula engahashazanga enhlabathini evundile ungqimba kusuka ezindaweni zokulima.

Libuye ukusabalala kungenzeka izilwane izifo human ezithathelwanayo. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa yabo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ingozi yezikhukhula, yiziphi izincomo omphakathi ekuziphatheni ephephile.

imithetho eyisisekelo

Okwamanje, izinhlekelele eziningi zemvelo, kuhlanganise izikhukhula kungenziwa wabikezela kusengaphambili. Njengoba nje kunosongo, amasevisi ekhethekile sebeqala ukusebenza, injongo okuyinto ukunciphisa umonakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlelwe ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi izikhungo. Phela, ukwazi ukuthi yini ingozi yezikhukhula for abatakuli womuntu uzame ukususa kakhulu ngendlela abantu kwenzeke kungenzeka inhlekelele zone.

Uma enkingeni wasondela, kumele wazi imithetho esiyisisekelo sokuziphatha. Ngakho, bebona amanzi efika emgwaqweni, akunandaba mqondo ukushiya endlini yakho. Udinga ukuthola njengoba eliphezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngo eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo kumele ekhuphukela kwakugqamuka, yangasese - ukuthuthela elisophahleni lwendlu. Uma ngabe wazi ukuthi ingozi yezikhukhula, yiziphi izincomo sabantu, ungakwazi bahlale bephila.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba uthole ukuthi uhlale endaweni ephakeme ngaphambi kokufika abatakuli. Ungazami ukuphuma emzaneni enezikhukhula. esibumbene kuphela isinyathelo amasevisi akhethekile abayizisulu ukwazi ukuvimbela ingozi enkulu nakakhulu futhi ukulahlekelwa kungenzeka zokuphila.

izincomo yomphakathi

Uma uyisisulu izikhukhula, into esemqoka - ukuzama ukulondoloza ezolile. Kuyadingeka ukuba asuse zonke izingubo esindayo, balahle izicathulo. Nakuba emanzini, uqalaza, thola iyiphi into elintantayo, okuyiwona ungakwazi ngiyothatha ungene. Akudingeki ukuba kube ukwaziswa a kokumsindisa noma kumatilasi inflatable. Ungasebenzisa ikhamera kwesondo, ishidi Foam, amabhodlela epulasitiki angenalutho yamanzi. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi kufanele wenzeni futhi yini ingozi yezikhukhula. Kafushane: abatakuli ukuncoma usathola egqumeni. Kungaba esihlahleni noma uphahla lwendlu.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi ihlelwe ukutakulwa ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukuba indawo oyifunayo nje ulinde usizo. Lapho bakuthola, kubalulekile ukulalela wonke izeluleko sivumelane nazo zonke izimfuneko we abatakuli.

Ukuziphatha ngemva kukazamcolo

Ngeshwa, hhayi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ngemva kokuhamba ngengozi amanzi uhlala. Ngokwesibonelo, izikhukhula kungaba sina ilimaze izakhiwo zokuhlala kanye zokuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthi ungene egumbini, qiniseka ukuthi akukho ngozi kuwe.

Kuyinto engenakwenzeka nibase umlilo bese uvula izibani, qiniseka pholisa ndawo. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba uthole ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi amapayipi igesi azilimele. Futhi, qiniseka ukuhlola ubuqotho izintambo zikagesi, kwamanzi kanye indle.

ezimweni ezikhethekile

Ezimweni eziningi, cabanga ngalokho ingozi yezikhukhula, izakhamuzi emadolobheni etholakala eduze machibi. Kodwa zikhona lezi izinhlekelele zemvelo nokuphikiswa ezingwadule. Lapho, abayikho oyingozi ngokukhethekile.

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amanzi ezindaweni ezinesomiso kungabangela izinkinga. Kodwa ochwepheshe ukuthi yini ingozi yezikhukhula ogwadule. Avame ngokushesha. umhlaba ngokweqile angeke ngokushesha amunca semali umswakama. Lokunye lokubaluleke kakhulu yokuthi abantu ezindaweni ezomile kukhona, njengoba umthetho, akuzona uyilungele inhlekelele enjalo. Azisekho izinqaba kanye eyanele izakhiwo, ukwazi ukugcina ingcindezi amanzi ukuthatha isikhathi sakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho ezingwadule ngokuvamile kwavula imigwaqo ngokusebenzisa omisiwe emfuleni embhedeni.

Nangu lo esabekayo inhlekelele yemvelo - izikhukhula. Sethemba, iseluleko sethu kuwe akusizi. Kodwa kungcono ukuba ngumnikazi ulwazi olunikeziwe: njengoba isisho, nasi isixwayiso - is forearmed!