Inethiwekhi semantic: Ukukhonjwa, ngezigaba kanye isicelo

I-Web semantic kuyinto imodeli Imininingwane yanoma yimuphi endaweni isihloko. Inethiwekhi kusekelwe uhlobo igrafu iqondiswe, lapho vertices - kukhona izinto esiyinikwe endaweni isihloko sokufundisa, kanye imiphetho noma lwesikhathi - ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe izinto ingaba imiqondo, izakhiwo, izenzakalo, imisebenzi, noma izinqubo, futhi inani izinhlobo okungenzeka ubudlelwane inethiwekhi kuncike kuphela kumdlali, okusekelwe imigomo yakho. Ngakho, namanethiwekhi semantic ungomunye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu lokunikeza ulwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto ifomu elula kunazo ziqondakala ubuchopho bomuntu.

Ngokokuqala ngqá ibinzana "sewebhu semantic" lalisetshenziswa iminyaka 1968-1969 by wezifo American Kuilliana, owayefundelwa imemori semantic. Kamuva elithi zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo mathematics, ikhompyutha isayensi yezilimi. Namuhla, ukunikezwa kolwazi ngesimo amanethiwekhi semantic kuvamile ezindaweni eziningi ubuchwepheshe, kukhona isibalo esikhulu kubo, futhi bonke zingafani inani zezinhlobonhlobo ubudlelwano, inani agumenti kanye nosayizi.

Uma njengesisekelo ngezigaba ukuthola eziningi ubuhlobo izinhlobo, inethiwekhi ngalinye semantic angabelwa noma eyohlobo noma uhlobo non-iyunifomu. Amanethiwekhi eyohlobo libhekene khona eyodwa kuphela uhlobo ubudlelwane (imicibisholo). amanethiwekhi heterogeneous izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ubudlelwano. Ngezinhloso esisebenzayo, ezithakazelisa kakhulu ncamashi heterogeneous inethiwekhi semantic. Isibonelo lenethiwekhi - isakhiwo eyaziwa internet i-encyclopedia Wikipedia.

Ngokusho inani agumenti amanethiwekhi semantic zihlukaniswe kanambambili kanye n-lekile. onobuhle Binary ukukhombisa ubudlelwane kuphela phakathi izinhlangano ezimbili (imiqondo) futhi elula kakhulu futhi esilungele isithombe njengoba igrafu. Amamodeli n-lekile uhlobo Uvame ukuzithola practice futhi ayadingeka ukuxhumana phakathi amaningi ukubonisa izinto.

Ekugcineni, usayizi iyiphi inethiwekhi semantic akunakubangelwa noma Model encane ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile noma amanethiwekhi umkhakha-wide, ukukhonza njengesisekelo ukudalwa izinhlelo, noma iqembu onobuhle global.

Uma sikhuluma ngalokho ezindaweni ezithize amanethiwekhi semantic Uthole kuze kube manje, wasebenzisa kabanzi kunazo, kuba Yiqiniso, ulwazi nobuchwepheshe. Kuyinto kule ndawo yolwazi nomqondo inethiwekhi isetshenziswa kaningi. Ngokuvamile, i-computer amanethiwekhi semantic asetshenziselwa umshini ukuhunyushwa kwezilimi. Kulokhu, inqubo yokudlulisa wenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili. On ukusakaza lokuqala lomthombo wenziwa okubizwa ngokuthi ifomu Intermediate, okungukuthi, uletha ngesimo inethiwekhi semantic, futhi esigabeni sesibili ifomu okuholela langaphakathi lihunyushelwe olimini oyifunayo.

Ukuze eyiyo amanethiwekhi namuhla sebenzisa eziklanyelwe inethiwekhi izilimi, ezifana Net kanye Simer + Mir. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi sebekholelwa uchwepheshe izinhlelo ezisebenzisa onobuhle semantic njengoba kuvumelana kwetinhlavu ulwazi Ulimi: Casnet, Prospector, Torus.