Indlela ukufunda ebangeni steel

Lapho ekhuluma ngokuphela nobuntu umuntu, sebenzisa epithet ka "steel", zisithinta uhlamvu okungenakudanjiswa, intando eqinile, noma isango, lapho akulula kangako ukuze anqobe. Steel yasungulwa ukwenza okuhlala kanye enokwethenjelwa izindlela, amathuluzi kanye izikhali. Manje, ngeke akwenze ngaphandle lolu metal.

Kuyini - the steel futhi ukuthi lihluke kanjani insimbi? Umehluko omkhulu e ukungcola, owayevelele kubo - carbon. Ukuze sinikeze anezakhi ezikhethekile yalesi zensimbi ingxubevange sengezwe nezinye izakhi.

Banga of okuhlinza emazweni ahlukahlukene abizwa ngokuhlukile. Ngeshwa, ngo-enjalo endabeni ebalulekile zifana asikafiki.

Kuyo yonke indawo yakwa-elaliyiSoviet Union, kwasinda aseBaltic, wasebenzisa amakhodi nezinombolo ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zangaphambili ezikhona isimo. a okunjalo kwencazelo ebangeni steel esivumelana kakhulu futhi kuyaqondakala, lesi sibalo libhekisela okuqukethwe iphesenti ukungcola kanye nencwadi - isici zamakhemikhali.

Steel amamaki ethafeni, ngaphakathi kwalo kukhona kuphela yensimbi ne-carbon, ngokuthi kwesakhiwo. Zimelela elula, Isigaba 2, isibonelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-carbon yawo 0.2%.

Qualitative steel unalloyed has a wekhodi efanayo, kodwa amaphesenti carbon kubonakala izimpawu ezimbili digital ezifana St.08.

Uma isizinda isetshenziswa ukwenziwa imithambo, okuzodingeka ukusebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu ke nezimfuneko zakhe ezikhethekile. Njengoba kunjalo nge izinga steel kwesakhiwo, amaphesenti-idijithi double, kodwa incwadi wanezela "K" (isibonelo - St.12K).

Okuningi izingoma eziyinkimbinkimbi Metallurgical zihlukaniswe amaqembu - wezinsimbi, ukwakhiwa, ukugqwala nokunye. Ngamunye wabo unendlela yawo izici kophawu, kodwa jikelele kuba incwadi izici alloying ezifana ne-nickel (N), i-chrome (X), i-copper (D), i-tungsten (V), manganese (D), molybdenum (M), i-silicon ( C), ayibe (K).

deoxidation Indlela kuyabonakala lezinsimbi esephepheni. Ngakho, 'sokuthula' kuboniswa izinhlamvu SP, "semi wabulala" - IHU futhi "ukubila" - KP.

lezinsimbi elixutshiwe abe uphawu eside, okubandakanya kokubili izinhlamvu amadijithi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lapho okuqukethwe ukungcola kwazo zonke izinhlobo esingaphansi amaphesenti kwesigamu inani ayizange inikezwe. Ngakho, ikhodi 10 X2 M-W kungasho ukuthi steel iqukethe 0.1% carbon, 0.2% chromium futhi ngaphansi kuka 1.5% molybdenum. Kukhona incwadi "W", uthi we encishisiwe phosphate okuqukethwe. Uma esikhundleni kwaba "A", ke ezobhekana isibabule. Lezi izimpawu ukhombise ezengeziwe izinga izici.

Bezakhiwe steel Foundry wabonisa ekupheleni uhlamvu u- "L".

Constructional edingekayo lensimbi isivuno ongaphakeme, kodwa kuveza incwadi "C" simi phambi. Litera Simi emva, wathi izakhiwo ezengeziwe (T - ukushisa wamqinisa K - I-ukugqwala ukumelana).

Ukunqunywa lezinsimbi ofanele ukwenziwa amathuluzi, eyalo incwadi "Y", okuyinto ibekwa ngemva iphesenti zamadijithi double carbon, isb U8.

Kukhona futhi insimbi engagqwali. Brands, efana 08X18H10T ngifane cipher eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa empeleni kuyinto isimiso esifanayo ngokuqondene ingxubevange Alloys kwesakhiwo. It akusebenzi ezimweni ezikhethekile lapho izinhlamvu babelwa behlonipha izitshalo, ngokokuqala ngqa ukuba aphele kwensimbi nge anezakhi ezikhethekile.