Indlela ukucacisa yobudala izinhlanzi?

Umbuzo "Indlela ukucacisa yobudala inhlanzi?" Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi ibinesithakazelo futhi, kwacaca ukuthi, ukwenza kube akunzima kangako.

Uma sicabangela izikali inhlanzi ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu, noma ngisho ngaphansi abavamile kakhulu ingilazi nge ukwanda okuphindwe kayishumi, kulula ukubona emasongweni, efana izindandatho emthini wabona ukusika. Ngamunye emasongweni oluhambisana 1 unyaka owodwa wokuphila inhlanzi ngokuthi "ebusika", nakuba kwezinye izimo kungase kubonakale entwasahlobo noma ehlobo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lezi amasongo yonyaka akhiwa futhi isikali izinhlanzi emanzini ashisayo babesuke, kanye izinhlanzi eziphilayo at ukujula okukhulu, nakuba kubonakala, babehlale ukuphila esimweni sezulu ezingaguquki. Ngakho impendulo yombuzo othi "Indlela ukucacisa yobudala emfuleni izinhlanzi kanye yobudala izinhlanzi zasolwandle?" esifanayo - ndawo ke akunamthelela.

Indlela ukunquma usayizi izinhlanzi ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene ukuphila kwakhe kusengozini?

Ngokusho esikalini kungacacisa ukuthi hhayi kuphela engu-izinhlanzi, kodwa futhi ubude, okuyinto yafinyelela ngonyaka. imitha izinhlanzi Ake sithi izikali engaba eyodwa isentimitha. Ibanga kusukela annulus ngowokuqala maphakathi izikali ilingana 6 kwangu. Ngenxa yalokho, unyaka owodwa izinhlanzi wayeneminyaka 60 amasentimitha ubude.

Uma, ukwenza isibonelo, cabanga isikali salmon, kulula ukuqaphela ukuthi iminyaka emibili yokuqala yokuphila izinhlanzi zikhula kancane kakhulu. Yangaphakathi izindandatho yonyaka kuto esondelene kakhulu nomunye. Khona-ke ukukhula iye yashesha ngokuphawulekayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhlanzi nesokana elaphuma olwandle kusukela emfuleni, lapho kwakukhona khona ukudla kakhulu. Izikali phezu angahlala iminonjana iqhaza izinhlanzi zidala nezifo ezithwalwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokwazi ichthyologist izinhlanzi izinhlayiya zeqhwa ukhonza ipasipoti eyiqiniso, kubenze bakwazi ukuthola ubudala, ubukhulu isikhathi yonyaka olwandle, nomfula, kanti isibalo zidala.

Indlela ukucacisa yobudala izinhlanzi, ezingenakho izikali, noma kuyinto encane kakhulu?

Kulokhu, ukuhlaziya kungenziwa ekhaveni gill, futhi isiphambano sawing vertebra ukuzwa amatshe. Ngenxa yezindlela zesimanje sokunquma engu- inhlanzi, imibono eyiphutha abaningi baye kungaqedwa ukuphila isikhathi eside carp, Pike futhi eyikati okungavamile. Nakuba kube yilolu suku ethandwa futhi zezemfundo izincwadi Ukukhuluma Pike, ukube waphila iminyaka 267 kanye ifinyelele isisindo esingamakhilogremu amane. Portrait kanye skeleton of the Pike isikhathi eside kuboniswe iminyuziyamu German. Kamuva ukubala amathambo kule skeleton kuboniswa ukuthi amahhashi elalivela amathambo amabili (noma ngaphezulu) Pike esikhulu kuwumphumela ekudalweni okhokho entsha zonke Ostapa Bender ezaziwayo.

Futhi uma usebenza idatha evumelekile, engu umkhawulo Pike, eyikati futhi i-turbot engu-80, i-cod - engaphezu kuka amathathu, Sturgeon - yikhulu, inhlanzi wasolwandle - 25, carp - 20 salmon - 2 kanye Azov anchovy - 3. Nokho cod eneminyaka engu-30 ingaphansi ezivamile kuka abantu engu-100 ubudala. Kuyaphawuleka kancane ezikhulayo cod grouper. Nokunqoba e lokubanjwa amasampula amasentimitha angaba ngu-40 ubude ukuguga (iminyaka engu-17!). Njengomthetho, kancane kakhulu ezikhulayo zonke izinhlanzi ekujuleni kolwandle. Ukwanda ubude izinhlanzi kubambezela ngeminyaka, futhi isisindo somzimba ngokuvamile ngokushesha.

Indlela ukucacisa yobudala izinhlanzi zasolwandle kwamanye ngezizathu?

Kuyinto kahle kunqunywa amathambo: ukudoba minyaka odlulayo imakwe polosochkoj phezu gill ihlanganisa. Ichthyologists bathola ukuthi ngisho izinhlanzi cartilaginous babe izindandatho yonyaka. Bona akhiwa ngesikhathi imishayo obukhulu, okuyinto zitholakala ngasesinqeni se amaphiko pectoral. Futhi kwezinye kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi kunqunywa ubudala otoliths. Lapho sawing izindandatho wayo wango kuyabonakala. Ososayensi bacabanga njengento ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nombuzo, indlela ukucacisa yobudala izinhlanzi ngokunembe ngangokunokwenzeka, njengoba lokhu kuyinto ukubaluleka luyingxenye esisebenzayo. Ukubikezela inombolo uhlobo oluthile, kudingeka ukuqonda Dynamics kwalesi silwane. Inani elikhulu izinhlanzi ukufinyelela izinga lokuzala engu kuqhathaniswa kwesikhathi. Ngakho, ama-salmon laseSiberia okokuqala spawns e engamashumi amabili. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ngokuqaphelisisa bamuka naye, njengoba izinguquko ngisho ezincane imvelo yabo angabangela ukufa kwezinhlobo.

Ngakho indlela ukucacisa yobudala izinhlanzi?

It kuvela ukuthi akukho eziyinkimbinkimbi lapha, futhi izindlela zokwenza lokhu, ziningi. Kukhona izindlela more xaka, kodwa lapho ulula, kufinyeleleke kunoma ubani kithi. Udinga nje ingalo ngokwabo ngesibona-khulu.