Imvume umsebenzi emsebenzini ashisayo: design, imfundo ukuphepha. Indlela ukuqeda imvume yokusebenza emsebenzini ashisayo, isibonelo

Ukuze umsebenzi ashisayo zihlanganisa izinqubo zezimboni ezihilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-ilangabi evulekile noma ukushisa ukuthi kungabangela izinhlansi umlilo, izinto kanye / noma izakhiwo, amadivaysi, imishini, izingubo, nokunye. N. ukuqaliswa yabo kudinga ukuhambisana izinyathelo eziqinile kakhulu zokuphepha ezidingwa yi-imithetho ehlukahlukene imithetho. Abantu abathintekayo kulowo msebenzi, kumele bathole imvume ekhethekile - umsebenzi imvume yokusebenza ashisayo.

Uhlu umsebenzi esishisayo

Umthetho uchaza lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo umsebenzi:

• ilangabi amalahle mass bituminous;
• umsebenzi igesi Welding;
• nokunamathisela ngomthofu;
• Welding kagesi;
• ugesi kanye negesi ahlabayo umsebenzi;
• siwumpompe futhi kerosinorezatelnye umsebenzi;
• Ukuphuca imikhiqizo metal amathuluzi amandla;
• kunoma yikuphi ukuqhutshwa Usebenzisa ilangabi evulekile.

izinyathelo kwangaphambilini

Ukusebenza ilangabi evulekile abazenzi ngezigaba ezimbili: nokulungiselela ukusebenza langempela umsebenzi (enkulu).

Ngaphambi kokugcwalisa imvume yokusebenza emsebenzini ashisayo, okungukuthi, lapho besanda kuqala, inhloko amayunithi (izinhlangano, amafemu), noma iphini lakhe uyoqoka obhekene esigabeni wokulungiselela wenze umsebenzi ashisayo kusukela phakathi Ochwepheshe ngemithetho umsebenzi ashisayo futhi bazi izimo ukuqeqeshwa sikhungo. Lezi kufanele abasebenzi:

• isoderzhanie ukuchaza umsebenzi walo esikhathini esizayo (njengoba wokulungiselela futhi eziyisisekelo);
• ukudala ukulandelana izenzo abaculi isebenza;
• ukulungiselela amalungiselelo ukubulawa ephephile imisebenzi futhi ukuqinisekisa esahlulelweni ngokungathandabuzi;
• ukuhlela oda kokulawulwa ungqimba emoyeni futhi ukuthuthukisa isampuli imvamisa amasampuli emoyeni ;
• ukuphakamisa amakhambi.

Imiphumela yale misebenzi Kufanele kubhalwe phansi futhi evunywe inhloko iyunithi lapho umsebenzi ashisayo, noma iphini lakhe izobanjelwa. Khona-ke lo mbhalo ithunyelwa unjiniyela omkhulu noma umuntu obambe ngaye ukuvunywa.

Ukuqapha izinga lomoya

umsebenzi Zezıhlabane ezihlobene imisebenzi ingozi lenyuka avunyelwe ukuqala kuphela ukungabi khona emoyeni ukuqhuma nomlilo izinto. Ukuba khona kanye okuhlushwa kufanele kunqunywa idivayisi ekhethekile (esiphezulu lokuhlushwa sivumelekile ebekiwe yenhlanzeko Amazinga). Izilinganiso abazenzi nge okulingana ngezikhathi kwezokuxhumana, amadivaysi noma izindawo lapho kukhona imisebenzi, kanye endaweni enobungozi.

Endabeni ka ngokweqile imithi enobungozi ngaphakathi apharathasi, piping kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. D. Noma endaweni enobungozi ngokushesha ayeke ukusebenza. Kwangathi kuqaliswe kuphela ngemva ekuboneni kanye izimbangela igesi okuhlushwa kanye nokubuyiselwa egcwele evamile amagugu airside.

Phakathi nomsebenzi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwabasebenzi emnyangweni umlilo aphoqelelwe ukuba uthathe izinyathelo zokugwema ukuthi kungenzeka kancane ukuthola emoyeni izinto ezingase zibambe umlilo futhi kuqhume. Liphinde okwakwenqatshelwe kokuvula idivayisi iphinde kubhaklazeka, khulula, abakhwabanisi noma sindisa imikhiqizo oily, kulayishwa yabo ngokusebenzisa kubhaklazeka evulekile kanye nezinye izenzo engabangela umlilo.

imvume umsebenzi ukwenza umsebenzi ashisayo sisayinwe ngumuntu obhekene nabo, kodwa kuphela emva kokwamukelwa kwemfundiso imishini okulungiselelwe nezindawo umsebenzi kumuntu ophathiswe umthwalo wokunakekelwa umsebenzi, futhi ngaphansi evamile emoyeni imvelo izinkomba.

Izincomo imisebenzi phezulu

Noma yimuphi umsebenzi umlilo enobungozi Kwenziwa emini kuphela (okuhlukile kungenzeka ezimweni eziphuthumayo). Ukuze usebenze nge ilangabi evulekile kungenzeka baneqhaza kulawo ayenelungelo ukuqeqeshwa zabhekana futhi Unezitifiketi ekhethekile noma ezinye imibhalo efakazela iziqu zabo.

Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi ashisayo, isibonelo, igesi metal cutting ikhanda amayunithi / ikhanda Brigade (ukuphathwa, njll) Ingabe icebo enemininingwane. Uma kukhona izindawo kuqhume, abafake imishini ekhethekile eqinisekisa ukuphepha into, inqanyuliwe ugesi, ayeke ukufakwa kanye namadivayisi, emele ingozi empilweni kanye / noma izimpilo nabadlali imisebenzi, kanye babeka izimpawu ekhombisa imingcele ingozi zone. izakhi Constructive kwamabhilidi, izakhiwo steel, zokudlala nezindawo enjalo kuyoba endaweni umsebenzi zigezwe kusukela ukuqhuma nomlilo imikhiqizo (resin, uthuli, izinto ezivuthayo ne liquid). Imiphumela emathileyi, funnels abakhwabanisi kanye namanye amadivayisi exhunywe kwi isimiso sokuthutha indle, kodwa ezingasenza singazwani ahlale evala oluvuthayo noma amagesi kumele ivalwe wamboza ngesihlabathi (ungqimba akusilo ngaphansi kuka 10 cm). Wena ubuye kudingeke sithathe izinyathelo ukuze agweme zisakaza ka Sparks.

Izihlalo igesi cutting metal kumele uphawu elikhanyayo upende, wokulinganisa, umaka noma ezinye izimpawu kahle ovelele. Amapayipi kawoyela, imishini, izitsha, izimoto kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza, okuthiwa ukuqhuba umsebenzi ashisayo, kufanele adedelwe, usule imikhiqizo oluvuthayo, obhubhisayo anobuthi, ukwehlukanisa ofeleba ukwanelisa izingxenye nezokuxhumana kanye namadivayisi (kuyadingeka ukubeka isheke in ukufakwa kanye nokususwa Imigudu Journal) futhi ukuzilungiselela umsebenzi oluzayo ashisayo. Ashukumisa ingxenye apparatuses namadivayisi de-akukhuthalele. Kuthathwa nezinyathelo ezithathwe ukubekela eceleni kusenjalo kokuqala.

Bonke ongoti abasebenza umsebenzi, ilitshe ngizodabula ukuqeqeshwa ukuba izindlela ukuvikelwa umlilo. emsebenzini wakhe ibhalwe, ithuluzi ihlolwe.

Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye izinyathelo ezingenhla baye wakuvumela ukulotshwa kwencwadi le imvume yokusebenza ashisayo.

imithetho design

umumo Stern noma iphethini ngempela ulungile le dokhumenti asipheli. Ngakho-ke, kukhishelwa endlini ifomu mahhala noma inhlangano pre-athuthukile yakha imvume yokusebenza ashisayo. Imvume ikhishwa ku okubhala imininingwane ibhizinisi noma ukubhala ephepheni A4 format ejwayelekile ngeduplikhethi. Omunye uhlala ngasekhanda yesibili ezithunyelwa kumuntu ophathiswe umthwalo wokunakekelwa ukuphepha komlilo enhlanganweni.

It ekhishwe idokhumenti, ngaphansi komthetho, kwenye shift bese ngqo uhlobo lomsebenzi ngamunye. Phakathi kwezakhiwo esitolo noma kulungiswe, ezihilela ukuvala shaqa okuphelele yenqubo ukukhiqizwa, imvume yokusebenza umsebenzi ashisayo ikhishwa isikhathi esithile kule sheduli ukulungiswa ezinkulu noma ukwakha kabusha, kodwa hhayi wenyanga eyodwa ikhalenda.

Uma umsebenzi kuzokwenziwa ngaphakathi abaqoqi, amadivaysi, imisele, amathangi nokunye. N. izinyathelo ezikhethekile kumele kuthathwe. Basuke kubhaliswe ku "Iziyalezo inhlangano kanye ukuziphatha ephephile gas eziyingozi" (PI-1).

Uhulumeni Ukulungiswa kaMbasa 25, 2012 wasungula imfuneko sokubhaliswa esiyisibopho Iphemithi umsebenzi ashisayo ezizindeni yesikhashana. Ukuxolela baziwa emakhaya nokwakhiwa esishintshashintshayo. Lapho enza umsebenzi ashisayo kulezi zindawo imvume hhayi ikhishwe.

ukusebenza eziphuthumayo

Esimweni engozini ithimba lezisebenzi ungathola imvume yokusebenza lwekhanda iyunithi (inhlangano) lapho ukwenza le misebenzi, noma iphini lakhe. Kungenzeka uMnyango umsebenzi, hhayi wahlanganyela kunqubo enkulu ekukhiqizeni, kodwa ukwazi imithetho yokuphepha ngenkathi kwenziwa umsebenzi ashisayo. Esinye isinyathelo ochwepheshe kumele kwenziwe ngaphansi kweso nesiqondiso umuntu ogunyazwe ukuba babhale umsebenzi ashisayo. Futhi kumelwe ebe evumelana nalokho kubona kukhona nonjiniyela omkhulu. Uma u-Abrahama okwenzekile ezinsukwini zika okungesona sebhizinisi (ngamaholide noma ngezimpelasonto) noma ebumnyameni, umsebenzi umlilo-enobungozi Kwenziwa imvume edingekayo ebhaliwe kubona kukhona nonjiniyela omkhulu.

Sebenza umlilo evulekile: algorithm

Indawo, okuzokwenza ukusingatha umsebenzi ashisayo kufanele ifakwe umlilo zokucisha eyinhloko izindlela. Lokhu kubandakanya: a mlilo, ibhokisi kokuvalelwa isihlabathi ebhakedeni simise Isigaxa, lokwela, amanzi.

Ukuze umsebenzi ashisayo kungabonakala sifanelekele futhi eqinisekisiwe iqembu lezisebenzi. Ngaphezu nabadlali imisebenzi, kufanele kube ukwesaba (noma i). Isisebenzi, njalo uqaphe obhekele imisebenzi futhi iyakwazi ukunikeza usizo oluphuthumayo uma kudingeka. Ngokuvamile, izinkampani zomshuwalense babelwa lapho besebenza emithonjeni, amathangi, imisele nezinye izitsha. Esimisiwe njengoba iqembu futhi understudy. Lokhu Deeds, owenza umsebenzi, imvume yokusebenza ebekiwe, kodwa emsebenzini wakhe esikhundleni of ngomculi eyinhloko imisebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka inqubo, uma isikhathi sokuhlala endaweni umsebenzi kunomkhawulo nezimfuneko eziqanjwe ukuphepha.

Lonke ithimba ubophekile ukuba wazi uhlelo ubuncane umlilo-lobuchwepheshe, kanye imiyalelo Ukuvikelwa zabasebenzi.

Isibopho ngokunginika kudingekile izinyathelo zokuphepha umlilo isezandleni umphathi.

Okuqukethwe ukugunyazwa

It is ebekwe Isijobelelo №4 Uhulumeni inombolo Isinqumo 390. Ikhishwe Paper ikhanda lenhlangano namkha umuntu okhethwe obhekele imisebenzi yezokuphepha umlilo.

Amafomu PRP PO 14000-005-98 for Kunconywa ngesikhathi imisebenzi kokudubula. Le mvume abantu abazokwenza umsebenzi onjalo, futhi imvume yokusebenza ukwenziwa le misebenzi ezindaweni ezihleliwe okwesikhashana.

Ngo iyiphi yalezi kumele bucaciswe:

• igama umnyango, umnyango noma inhlangano;
• igama, zokuqala futhi isihloko ekhanda - umculi isebenza;
• uchaza umsebenzi walo futhi ubuntu babo;
• enza indawo;
• abadlali efakwe: igama, zokuqala ngayinye ziqu kanye uphawu (lusuku nekusayina) ukudlula imfundo;
• ukhombise isiqalo kanye ekupheleni komsebenzi;
• uchaza ezobuchwepheshe zenhlangano izinyathelo zokuphepha umlilo
• nesignesha abantu nabo zindima ezingenhla ziye bavumelana;
• ke esisayinwe obhekene ukulungiswa indawo umsebenzi ashisayo;
• uma kunesidingo, kufanele ufake ulwazi isandiso umsebenzi imvume yangaphambilini emsebenzini ashisayo: ukhombise usuku lapho umsebenzi uzobe enwetshiwe, izinguquko eqenjini futhi umuntu okukuye sandiso bavumelana;
• ayohlanganisa ulwazi kwaqedwa imisebenzi;
• kumelwe lowo muntu abe isiginesha ikhanda, usuku kanye nesikhathi esiqondile seSikhumbuzo;
• izimpawu zakamuva shift umqondisi.

imiyalelo Jikelele ngokuqedela

Ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla inikeza ulwazi mayelana igama lenhlangano, ogama ochwepheshe afeze imisebenzi ingozi lenyuka.

Ekhoneni elingenhla esinxeleni liqukethe ulwazi mayelana umqondisi wenkampani futhi kosuku lokubhalisa semvume. Kule ngxenye ishidi ekupheleni ukugcwaliswa idokhumenti kufanele avele isiginesha umqondisi.

Ngezansi lezi idatha, isikhungo kulotshiwe igama idokhumenti.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye amaphuzu idatha efakiwe Umsebenzi, wakhipha imvume yokusebenza, igama umsebenzi ozokwenziwa kanye ulwazi mayelana into (igama layo kanye nekheli langempela).

Futhi kuphela emva kwalokho ulwazi mayelana abadlali abekwa. Icacisa zonke: mkhakha, usuku sithangami zokugcina, ziqu. Uchwepheshe ngamunye, imininingwane abalwe, ubeka nesignesha kasomabhizinisi. Isibonelo semvume ukusebenza kokudubula aboniswe ngezansi.

Incazelo imisebenzi

Ingxenye eyalandela yalolu imvume umsebenzi ashisayo Sizokwenza ngqo isenzo.

Eyokuqala icacisa isikhathi sokuqala kanye kuphothulwe umsebenzi.

Khona-ke uphawula ukuthi umsebenzi ashisayo futhi kuthathwe ukuthi ahambisane nalezi zinyathelo zokuphepha umlilo okuvunyelwane ngazo amasevisi ke unesibopho (esifanelana igama ethize, zokuqala nokuxhumana nge ehhovisi lika Usuku).

It iphela igama incazelo umuntu oqokwe njengomsizi obhekene ukulungiswa imisebenzi (by Isifaniso nge esigabeni esandulele).

Uma singakapheli isikhathi esibalulwe e iphemithi, umsebenzi alikapheli, kubalulekile ukwenza iphuzu isandiso. Kungase kungabi ezingaphezu kweyodwa umsebenzi shift. Ukulandela Isitembu phezu harmonization umsebenzi isandiso.

Endabeni entsha walungisa itafula ekhethekile esikhundleni yimuphi specialist noma izithasiselo.

Ngemva kokuphothulwa umsebenzi imvume ukwenza umsebenzi ashisayo kuboniswe isikhathi langempela, usuku, umuntu obhekene esayina idatha. Idokhumenti ke enikeziwe inhloko inhlangano ukuvunywa.

imikhawulo ekhethekile

Osh Commission ivimbela ngokufeza umsebenzi ashisayo:

• zisebenzisa izingubo enokulandelela uphalafini, uwoyela, uphethiloli kanye nezinye yiluphi uketshezi oluvutha kalula;
• ukusebenza imishini, le yehlulekile;
• ukuvumela abafundi ukusebenza noma abasebenzi ngaphandle ilungelo ukuze akwazi ukufeza umsebenzi onjalo;
• ugweme ukuxhumana izintambo zikagesi kanye iziqukathi egcwele igesi onomfutho;
• enze Welding noma ukusika imiklamo asanda ngesineke;
• Welding imishini, ugcwele amagesi ezivuthayo;
• esetshenziswa njengendlela ukubuya umugqa inethiwekhi earthing hlangothi noma isisekelo izakhiwo steel;
• sebenzisa-non-ukushisa namakhaza noma ngci izintambo ephukile;
• powering le arc kagesi ngokuqondile inethiwekhi ukusatshalaliswa;
• ukudluliselwa amasilinda endaweni yomsebenzi emahlombe akhe;
• esivumayo kanye ukukhubaza welders welders igridi Imininingwane;
• ukuvumela ukufakwa kanye / noma ukuba khona njalo imishini Welding ezakhiweni ukukhiqizwa;
• ngaphansi mechanical ukucindezeleka amasilinda egcwele umoya-mpilo noma ukulawula isiphambeko sabo.

Hot umsebenzi ukuphepha kumele aqinisekiswe yibhange:

• ukususwa izakhiwo ezivuthayo futhi oluvuthayo kanye / noma izinto kanye amadivayisi oluvuthayo netindlela endaweni yomsebenzi ukuze eziqhele noma afake kubo nesembozo noncombustible;
• wehlise umoya-mpilo lokuhlushwa amathangi eya elivamile diluting ke amagesi inert (isib nitrogen, isikhutha, igesi flue nokunye.);
• ehle lokuhlushwa hydrocarbon amagesi emoyeni ungqimba izakhiwo zezimboni kanye / noma iziqukathi ukuba bezpasnogo Izinga amaphepha yizimboni yabo degassing futhi bula;
• ukususwa yamagesi asemkhathini kokuba oksijini ngezithako zawo, nezinye amagesi ezivuthayo lapho iziqukathi amanzi ukugcwaliswa.