Imininingwane imoto, izici yangaphandle futhi ingaphakathi. idivayisi imoto

Izithuthi okhula ngokushesha: ubuchwepheshe obusha, okwandisa imishini isivinini kanye flotation, encishisiwe umonakalo kwabo imvelo, okwandisa izinga lokuphepha, sibonga electronics, umshayeli inikezwa imisebenzi ambalwa. Ngomqondo onabile kule divayisi imoto uhlala ingashintshiwe. Abaningi ukusizakala umshini, musa ngisho ukuthi buyini ngempela senziwa futhi kusebenza kanjani. Yebo, yilokho kuphela indida ezinjalo. Namuhla sibheka izingxenye eyinhloko imoto, noma kunalokho, izingxenye zalo eziyinhloko nemikhulu.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu design izikimu izimoto, okungukufa lohulumeni idrayivu. He is phambi, emuva futhi iphelele. Imoto siqukethe le izingxenye ezilandelayo:

1. Umzimba.
2. Chassis.
3. Motor.
4. Transmission.
5. Steering.
6. Uhlelo ukubopha.
7. Kagesi.

Ngezinye izikhathi izingxenye imoto ihlukaniswa kancane ehlukile, isibonelo ngokuhlanganisa chassis, ukudluliswa, eziqondisa kanye ukubopha uhlelo kwelinye iqembu izindlela, kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda chassis ". Kodwa okushiwo ayiguquki. Cabanga ngamunye izakhi kabanzi.

umzimba

Umzimba - lokhu akulona nje igobolondo elihle imoto, kodwa futhi ingxenye yayo asekelayo. Ngu emzimbeni ngakho nemishini yanamuhla awashintsheki cishe yonke imininingwane. Kwamanye SUV namaloli chassis wenza indima luhlaka ekhethekile. Ngo izimoto ezithwala ezivela kuye eside ishiywe ngenxa isisindo ukunciphisa mibandela. Imininingwane umzimba imoto:

• spars (front futhi bakhulise);
• uphahla;
• injini gumbi;
• add-on izingxenye.

Lesi sigaba kunemibandela kakhulu, ngoba zonke izingxenye zomzimba axhunyiwe. Izindonga ohlangothini kuvame ezihlanganiswe kunye nalo phansi noma nalokho ashiselwe. Badlala indima izisekelo imisiwe. izakhi Esinanyathiselwe yomzimba imoto ivezwa iminyango, bonnet, ukuqalisa isivalo namaphiko. Kulesi fenders ezingemuva kuvame ashiselwe ukuze uzimele, kanye phambi kukhona esikhiphekayo. On the emuva ungathola ephezulu isicwebezelisi, matte noma-chrome imoto izingxenye (izibambo, izifanekiselo, izinto zokuhlobisa, njll).

chassis

Chassis siqukethe phambi kanye nokumisa misa, drive enama-asi amasondo. izimoto eziningi zanamuhla anemisila phambi ukumiswa ezimele uhlobo "McPherson". It ikuvumela ukuba bathuthe emotweni lihlale kahle ngangokunokwenzeka. ukumiswa Independent kusho ukuthi isondo ngamunye unamathele umzimba ngokwehlukile. Ngokuphathelene engaphansi, ke akusebenzi kakade. Nokho, izimoto eziningi namanje ubekwe emuva. ukumiswa oncikile kungase kwenziwe ngesimo ugodo eqinile noma - esimweni ezingemuva wheel drive izimoto - ngesimo drive oluvala amasondo.

motor

Engine - umthombo wamandla lokukhanda. Yena, kudala torque engu shaft, esishukumisela isondo. Ngokuvamile, motor itholakala phambi emotweni, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ubekwa emuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho i-yangaphakathi omlilo engine (ICE), kukhona motors kagesi kanye hybrid.

Amandla ICE chemical eyatholakala kusukela inqubo amandla omlilo iguqulwe ibe amandla lokukhanda. I yangaphakathi omlilo injini kuyinto piston, ophephela futhi rotary-piston. Namuhla esetshenziswa imoto ikakhulukazi piston.

Imishini, okuyinto eliqhutshwa i motor ngogesi, izimoto kagesi zibizwa kanjalo. Kulokhu, amabhethri for ukuvela amandla.

Injini hybrid ihlanganisa i yangaphakathi omlilo injini kagesi. Ukusondelana kwabo kwenzeka esebenzisa generator. Lolu hlobo iyona ethembisayo, njengoba kuyintando, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yenza umonakalo kancane ukuze imvelo ngaphandle yangaphakathi omlilo injini, futhi ngakolunye - akudingi lingatshajwa njalo, njengenhlangano motor kagesi.

ukudluliswa

Siyaqhubeka surfactants ukufunda izingxenye imoto futhi sidlule nokudlulisela. Injongo eyinhloko lesi sici - ukudluliswa torque kusukela kushaft motor ukuze amasondo emotweni. I ukuhamba liqukethe:

1. Clutch.
2. Ama-gearbox enza (KPP).
3. Shayela oluvala amasondo.
4. SHRUS (velocity njalo amalunga omzimba) noma driveline.

Coupling eyenzelwe yokuxhuma kushaft motor ne kushaft CAT nokudluliselwa bushelelezi torque therebetween. Transmission, esikhundleni salokho, kunciphisa umthwalo motor ngokukhetha isilinganiso efanelekayo. Endabeni phambi wheel drive oluvala amasondo igibele e-gearbox izindlu. Uma imoto has ezingemuva-wheel drive, itholakala emva futhi izenzo njengoba ugodo. CV amalunga driveline ziyadingeka ukuze uthumele torque engu amasondo ne CPT.

eliphethe

Isikhundla isondo incike engela ukujikeleza kwesondo. Kule nqubo oluhambisana uhlelo lokuqondisa. Uma kukhona okungalungile, imoto iba unmanageable, kungaba nemiphumela emibi engelapheki. A actuator ayo futhi siqukethe indlela. Lapho isondo iphendula, isondo ekhethekile umbukiso traction engela ezifanele. Kuze kube manje, ezintathu izinhlobo izindlela eziqondisa ukusakaza "izikelemu isiqophi", "hala-indastri" futhi "screw-nut". Elikhulu imoto ukukhathazeka ukusebenza ngomfutho ukumiselelwa mechanical eziqondisa izinhlelo elekthronikhi. Esikhundleni actuators kanye nokuxhumana iyolawula iyunithi, okuyinto esebenzisa motor kagesi sizophenduka amasondo.

uhlelo unyathela amabhuleki

Njengoba ubona, imoto akuyona izingxenye engabalulekile. Noma kunjalo, ezinye zazo uma zokugwema ukuphuka ukuletha kuphela ngokungalungile, nabanye - kungamenza alahlekelwe ukuphila. Kuyinto zingozi zihlanganisa ukubopha. Zimelela uhlelo ehlanganisa eziningi zokwakha kanye izingxenye, okuyinto ndawonye ahlose ijubane labo baze bame umshini.

Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo uhlelo ukubopha ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: inkonzo futhi yokupaka. Njengoba ubona sihloko, owokuqala ukunciphisa ijubane futhi umshini izitobhi. Yokupaka uhlelo igcina imoto endaweni epaka izimoto. izingxenye Brake uhlelo Zimelela izakhi: akwazi ukugcina, izigubhu, amasilinda, amabhlogo kanye ngemoto.

share sengonyama izimoto zanamuhla anemisila ngomshikisho amabhuleki, omsebenzi wakhe kusekelwe isicelo bebutho ukuhilizisana. Ngokwesibonelo, pads umile ukukuthinta ngokumelene amasondo ezihambayo. Force idluliselwa kusuka isinyathelo kuya pads ngokusebenzisa uhlelo wokubacindezela.

ezisebenza ngogesi

Lezi zihlanganisa imininingwane ezinjalo imoto:

1. Ibhethri.
2. Generator.
3. Thumela.
4. abathengi ugesi.
5. Uhlelo elawula motor.

Ibhethri liwumthombo uvuseleleke kwamandla kagesi, okuyinto ikakhulukazi ukhonza ukuqala injini. Uma le nqubo wenziwa, insimbi lusekelwa ngamandla injini ngokusebenzisa generator, oguqula amandla mechanical ibe amandla kagesi. Lapho injini iyasebenza, ibhethri unikeza zonke izinsimbi ngokwakho.

Generator isekela on-ebhodini inethiwekhi DC voltage ishaja ibhethri ngenkathi motor iyasebenza. Wiring emelelwa iqoqo izintambo, okuyinto, efana imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu, kukhona kuzo zonke imoto. Baqamekele ngaphansi izingxenye plastic yemoto.

ukulawula imoto Uhlelo yakhiwa control unit kanye sebuningini izinzwa ezihlukahlukene. amandla abathengi - it okhela, ukukhanyisa, ama-wiper namanye amadivayisi.

Izingxenye sangaphakathi imoto

Beshayela imoto, indoda ecabanga sebuningini ukushintshwa, izinkomba, iziyisikhombisa, izinkinobho kanye nezinye izinto. Ake sihlole main yangaphakathi umshini nezilawuli abakhona cishe wonke amamodeli we izimoto.

kudeshibhodi

Lapha ungakwazi ukubona ulwazi mayelana nesimo izinhlelo ezinkulu imoto yakho. Kuye intengo umshini kuyi-dashboard, ngaphezu Imininingwane Isivinini (umshini wokubonisa izinga lejubane kuyinto nhlobo), ungabona: ngasiphi isivinini motor iyasebenza, okuyinto igiya okwamanje asebenzayo, uyini lokushisa uketshezi ukupholisa njengoba ethangini fuel uphethiloli nokunye. Uma imodeli ifakwe kwikhompuyutha ugibelile ke ukuba iphaneli sensimbi ingaboniswa njengoba okulandelayo: instant petrol, mileage nsuku zonke, cishe yayiqhelelene phambi refueling, nabanye.

amasondo ayo

Njengoba kakade, ukujikeleza amasondo ayo uzungeza. Kodwa imoto yesimanje akuyona yonke imisebenzi kwalesi sakhi. Manje isondo ukukhwezwa Izilawuli umsindo, ukulawula isimo sezulu kanye namanye amadivayisi. Konke kuncike umcabango umakhi.

Isiqu

Cishe zonke imishini ayafana futhi enze umsebenzi kusebenze: ukukhanyisa, amasignali ithuba, "abahlanzi" futhi washers izibuko. Ngokuvamile ngaphansi amasondo ayo liyatholakala gearshift amaphini. Nalapha futhi, konke kuncike nomkhiqizi umqondo.

eselishova

bonke nje lapha. Uma imoto yakho kuwufanele ILAC, khona-ke kukhona ahamba ngebhayisikili ezintathu: bamba, wazihlephula, namafutha ( "Ukhona"). Endabeni automatic transmission le isinyathelo bamba engekho.

Console isikhungo

ukukhuluma Cishe, isikhala phakathi izihlalo eziphambili. Kukhona isigwedlo ukudluliswa (ngezinye izikhathi washer), iqembu ulwelwesi yayo, isigwedlo yokupaka ukubopha ( "isando"), zonke izinhlobo ukushintsha asizayo, abanikazi, nezitsha zikagwayi nokunye.

Emaphakathi iphaneli

Lapha ungathola namasumpa futhi sekuqalile Ukushisa / ukupholisa uhlelo (air-conditioning ngezimoto ezibizayo). Esinye isici kwephaneli emaphakathi, lapho kungatholakala kuwo wonke mishini kuthiwa umsindo. Kukhona uhlelo multimedia, uma ikhona umqulu.

isiphetho

Namuhla esixoxe idivayisi eziyisisekelo imoto waphinda futhi waqiniseka ukuthi imoto - kuba isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi. Nokho, izinga ezimfushane ukubazi wakhe, kwanele ukuba nje ukuphikelela kancane. Nokho, ukuze kahle sihlole imininingwane eyisisekelo imoto futhi ufunde indlela yokulungisa kubo, kuthathe iminyaka.