Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke emkhakheni kawoyela eRussia futhi amathemba amasha

Indima namafutha umnotho kanye nezombusazwe waba umholi ekhulwini XX, njengoba ukusetshenziswa ukukhula nemikhiqizo yalo. Ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa okukhulu yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini anda kakhulu ukusetshenziswa lamafutha fuel, iziketekete zikaphethiloli solyarovogo fuel nokusetshenziswa kukhishwa nezingxenyana ezithile "amafutha" njengoba feedstock chemical ukwenziwa amapulasitiki nge 50s wakha isimo lapho amazwe zezimboni akakwazi ukuphatha ngaphandle hydrocarbon.

Ngasinye emkhakheni kawoyela e IRussia inomlando okuyinto welula emuva ezibuye kwamashumi amabili noma amathathu, bese iyinikeza kusasele amakhulu eminyaka kulinganiswa. DI UMendeleyev, ubona ingxenye enkulu ye umkhakha zamakhemikhali, ekhulwini XIX omunye ngokwesiprofetho kuqhathaniswa evutha le nto eyigugu engahleliwe amaziko nge ngomzamo kulungele kusuka sishiswe ngomlilo imali yamaphepha. Zokuzivikela ukubaluleka hydrocarbon esashiwo kungekho isingathekiso kancane ekhululekile - ". Igazi lokulwa '

Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke emkhakheni kawoyela eRussia elise North eCaucasus, limbiwa lapha iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu nengxenye. Ngenxa ukusebenza onjalo eside kabi izingqimba yathuthukiswa, futhi obakhiwa phansi izingqimba ezijulile imigodi zigcwele amanzi. Noma kunjalo, Rostov esifundeni, Dagestan, North Ossetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia futhi Chechnya, kanye laseStavropol futhi Krasnodar esifundeni neqhaza imiqulu hydrocarbon.

Ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamabubulo ezenzeka ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX kwaholela ukuba baqinise izinhlelo zokukhiqiza esifundeni iVolga-Ural. Le nkambu uwoyela eRussia iyona okucwaningwa ngawo kakhulu, kodwa njengoba zaseCaucasia, it is eziqhutshwa isikhathi eside. Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Samara indawo nezinye izifunda European ibalulekile, naphezu amavolumu elincani izinto zokusetshenziswa likhishiwe. Inani labo - ngesikhathi elula isikhundla ezindawo lapho kuzodala ezincane zokuthutha izindleko high, ongaphakeme sulphur kunqunywa futhi paraffins.

Early 60-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka, waphawula ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha izinsiza Western eSiberia. Nizhnevartovsk, Surgut, Kholmogorskoye, Ust-Balik zaba izikhungo ezinkulu ukukhiqizwa hydrocarbon.

Ngakho, u-90% ukukhiqizwa hydrocarbon ebangela Amasimu uwoyela ezinkulu eRussia, okuyizinto Western eSiberia (67%) kanye nesifunda iVolga-Ural (25%).

Ukuthembisa manje baba eshalofini Kara zone uBarents, iCaspian kanye Okhotsk, futhi domain polar. Abahlukile ukuzingela okwami "uwoyela esindayo" yenziwa ngaphansi Usinsk, lapho Timan-Pechora ensimini.

Russian uwoyela omningi, ekukhiqizeni wakhe, izwe lethu osesikhundleni lesithupha emhlabeni. Nokho, iqiniso lokuthi eminyakeni yamuva umsebenzi Geological kwenziwe ezindaweni ezinzima futhi akude lapho izimayini kuyinkinga ngenxa elibuhlungu izimo zezulu, nezokuthutha okwalandela kudinga ukwakhiwa amapayipi eside, kusho ukuthi Ukwenyuka okukhulu kufanele kulindeleke.

izimakethe Ukuthembisa zihlanganisa amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, lapho emashumini eminyaka amuva nje babone nokwanda okuphawulekayo ukukhiqizwa yezimboni. Ukwakhiwa iphayiphi wenziwa isiqondiso Pacific, kuyoba ukuxhuma China naseMpumalanga laseSiberia uwoyela ensimini eRussia. Map hydrocarbon imithambo nokwaziwa ngaphezulu branched. Bona yokwelula ku empumalanga nasentshonalanga, kepha bayidayise uwoyela ikakhulu ongahluziwe. Ukuyicubungula azenzile phesheya futhi inzuzo kusukela izimboni nezobuchwepheshe eyinkimbinkimbi kuthiwa imali kuma-akhawunti angaphandle bezinkampani ezimbonini. Yini okumelwe uyenze?

eyodwa kuphela indlela yokuphuma: ukufaka esikhundleni ukuthekelisa of izinto zokusetshenziswa avela ukuthengiswa umkhiqizo esiphezulu isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona ukubaluleka. Ukuthuthukiswa siqu chemical imboni lehlanganisa tinhlelo yethu - lokhu kuyindlela ngenakugwemeka ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, ngofuzo okhokho bethu.