Bamakhemikhali Famous: Biography nokufeza

Chemistry - isayensi ukuthi isikhathi eside ukukhonza abantu umkhuba wabo wansuku zonke. Lokhu isiyalo sifeza indima omkhulu umkhakha zalezi zinsuku, ngaphandle okuyinto lalingekho impucuko womuntu. Kodwa izinga enjalo ephakeme ukuthuthukiswa ke usezuze kuphela ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi ososayensi abaziwayo, owachitha ukuphila emkhakheni wesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali.

Avogadro: ubuhlakani avaliwe

Omunye bamakhemikhali evelele kunazo zonke kuyinto Amedeo Avogadro. Wazalwa ngo-Italy, isikhulu umndeni. Ngo 1792, wathola iziqu zomthetho wakhe. Uyise wayengumGreki futhi uchwepheshe owaziwayo emkhakheni komthetho. Ukuqala umsebenzi emkhakheni umthetho, Avogadro ngesikhathi sakhe khulula wahlanganyela esifundweni physics kanye mathematics. Kuphela 1820 wathola isihloko UProfesa Sciences Physical futhi Mathematical.

bamakhemikhali abadumile ngesikhathi waphawula ukuthi Avogadro wayeyindoda agodliwe kakhulu, eziningi kangaka imibono zakhe babengekho kucace kubo. Recognition emibuthanweni yesayensi Avogadro wathola emva isiqinisekiso bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe edumile, kamuva owaziwa ngokuthi "umthetho Avogadro sika". Avogadro futhi usethe inani amalungu izakhi eziningi zamakhemikhali, uye wadala indlela yokunquma isisindo yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo.

Biography nocwaningo izithakazelo Boyle

indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali play nokufeza Roberta Boylya. Wazalwa 25 Januwari, 1627 e-Ireland. Ngiseyingane, wafundiswa ekhaya, bese wathunyelwa Eton School, ngokukhethekile wadala for abantwana bakwa aristocrats ocebile. Ngo 1656 URobert Boyle kuhanjiswe ku Oxford, lapho eqala ngazo isithakazelo sakhe i-physics kanye ne-chemistry. Kube Boyle esungulwe kobungane nobudlelwane nge umlutha isayensi ososayensi abasha. Bobabili baye wadala uhlobo inhlangano eyimfihlo kamuva elaba Oxford Research Society.

bamakhemikhali abadumile ngesikhathi waqinisekisa ukuthi Boyle akakuthandanga impikiswano, futhi kugwenywe ngisho impikiswano yesayensi ukuthi babevame ukugqoka uhlamvu ezihlekisayo. Boyle kwakheka umqondo okuthiwa "corpuscles eyinhloko" (amaseli eziyisisekelo) kanye "corpuscles yesibili (emizimbeni eziyinkimbinkimbi). Encwadini yakhe esihloko sithi "The Sceptical Chemist" Boyle okokuqala ichaza izakhi - ". Umzimba yokuqala, ongenakwenziwa edonswe edonswe kulezo ezingama nomunye" Ngaphezu i-chemistry, ucwaningo Boyle BakaJehova bagxila izindawo yokukhanya, umsindo kanye nogesi.

izifundo Werner

Alfred Werner wazalwa ngo-December 12, 1866 emkhayeni Turner. Ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni sabaqalayo Werner engena Isikole sezsemisebenzi futhi unesithakazelo kwamakhemikhali. Uqala ukubeka ucwaningo chemical khona kanye ekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isazi sesayensi abasha nesithakazelo ezincwadini ngisho izakhiwo. Chemist Alfred Werner waklonyeliswa uMklomelo KaNobel ngenxa wazo we okuthiwa ukubambisana theory. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uWerner idale bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe siqu of acid lezisekelo, wanikela okufushane kwakhe Periodic Table. Ngo-1913 wathola uMklomelo KaNobel.

Izimpumelelo Niels Bohr Chemistry

bamakhemikhali abadumile emhlabeni wonke kuze kube yilolu suku ukujabulela ipumelelo Niels Bohr, ngubani ngokwezinga elikhulu sasishaywe eyaziwa ngocwaningo lwakhe emkhakheni physics. Niels Bohr wadala quantum theory hydrogen atom. Kuyo, wachaza izici Ukujikeleza electron futhi izibalo kuchazwe uthi ahlukahlukene ye-athomu.

Niels Bohr wazalwa ngo-October 7, 1885 e-Copenhagen, i umndeni bokusungula. Endlini abazali bakhe yayivame izingxoxo ngezindaba zesayensi nezokusigcoba. Ngesikhathi ngisafunda e-University of Copenhagen Bohr wathola Medal of Danish-Academy of Sciences. Okunye bamakhemikhali eyaziwa - ikakhulukazi u-Ernest 'uRutherford - abangu wafundela Bohr imibuzo radioactivity izakhi kanye nesakhiwo sama-athomu.

Svante Arrhenius - wemithi kusuka Sweden

Omunye umcwaningi odumile emkhakheni wesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali - Svante Arrhenius. Wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 19, 1859 ku Uppsala. Ngo-1876 wabhalisa University, futhi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngaphambi kwalokho wathola idigri kwi-Philosophy. Kusukela 1881 Arrhenius iqala ukutadisha izixazululo aqueous of electrolyte ngesikhathi Stockholm Isikhungo Physics. Ngo-1903, usosayensi waklonyeliswa uMklomelo KaNobel ngenxa nombhali imfundiso yokuziphendukela dissociation electrolytic.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi Arrhenius waba umlingisi nabanomusa futhi bejabule. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayaziwa hhayi kuphela njengesazi nengcweti kodwa njengoba umlobi zezincwadi nezihloko ngokufundwa kwezinkanyezi nomkhathi nemithi. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi neyaziwayo chemistry kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe: isibonelo, lokho ayekucabanga abangu ngokucijile wagxeka Mendeleev. Kamuva kwacaca ukuthi ngezinga elikhulayo ukuthi imibono kokubili abacwaningi yisisekelo entsha, okuthiwa i-proton, ithiyori elisekela kwamakhemikhali.