Ilambu ikhanyisa injini enkingeni, yini okufanele uyenze? Ukulungisa injini

Injini - inhliziyo umshini, futhi ngalokho isimo kuwukuthi, kuncike ukusebenza izimoto. Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi motor isebenza ngokuphelele, ukuze kunezizathu eziningi kokubili tekusebenta kanye lobuchwepheshe. Kodwa namuhla, ne uhlelo enamandla zokuxilonga, okuvumela sikulindele umonakalo futhi ukunquma isixhumanisi sibuthaka kakhulu. Ake sixoxe yini okumele uyenze uma ukukhanya kufika ku ukwehluleka injini, futhi kanjani ukuze bayilungise.

Uhlolojikelele

Nge ukulungisa motor ubuso, akuzona zonke umshayeli. Uma usebenzisa umshini ngendlela njengoba kudingeka ngumkhiqizi, akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuzokwenzeka izinkinga. Kodwa isikhathi asishintshi namafutha, engamboziwe zingaholela kona kuletha imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuyophumela kakhulu e ukulungiswa ezincane, futhi neze - ezinkulu. Kunoma yikuphi, uma izibani isibani, ukwehluleka injini, kuba uphawu olusobala lokuthi sekuyisikhathi ukuya "udokotela", ngokuqondene nathi, zisetshenziselwe ukuba ngezamaphoyisa.

Ngakho, izizathu ngenxa ngalo motor kwakudingeka kulungiswe kungaba mass. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi kuba ngenxa yokuguga okwandisiwe piston, esiza ukunciphisa amandla ukwandisa petrol. Kodwa ngokuqondile kuleli phuzu, sizobe ukukhuluma kamuva. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi ukukhanda diesel nophethiloli nomunye lihlukile. Kumelwe kuqondwe, ngoba uma une nakho injini diesel, akusho ukuthi uphethiloli kubuyiselwa ncamashi. Nakuba izinjini kanye nomsebenzi on isimiso esifanayo, banayo umehluko kwesakhiwo. Konke lokhu yokuthi, ngaphambi kokuqala ukulungiswa, kudingeka uqonde kancane ngomklamo futhi uqonde izinto zisebenza kanjani. Ngemva kwalokho, kuyinto efiselekayo ukufuna isici ezaholela ukuhluleka ethile. Zonke lezi amaphuzu uzobe achazwe kulo magazini. Kodwa uzoba siqale ne ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye elula kakhulu.

i-nesisekelo esiqinile sezindinganiso

Ezimweni eziningi, konke iqala neqiniso lokuthi umshayeli akazange nezidingo eziyisisekelo. Ukuze operation evamile iyiphi imoto, akunandaba - it is a production ezifuywayo noma cha, kudingeka Lubrication njalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ethile thina uthele amafutha, okumele ngezikhathi indawo. Ngo kokuhlinzwa, ke Athambisa yangaphakathi omlilo injini pistons nezinye izingxenye bezihlikihla, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe friction, okwandisa umkhiqizo kanye nokunciphisa bafake. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amafutha lingcolile futhi esakwazi ukufeza injongo yabo eyinhloko. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi evele ngomshikisho babhekana bafake anda. Ngenxa yalokho, motor bangaba bagibele, bese ngaphandle kulungiswe enkulu akwanele. Kunoma ikuphi, isimo uwoyela ukubukelwa.

abakhiqizi abaningi batusa ukushintsha uwoyela motor kanye inkathi noma zonke amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane 8-10. Kodwa elinye iphutha elivamile wukuthi amafutha phezu izinga okungalungile. Iphinde aliholeli lutho oluhle. Lucky uma kokutjheja ongqongqoza e injini futhi ucele usizo. Amafutha kuzohlanganisa injini uyohlanza waphuphuma entsha. Khona-ke ukuqhuba isiqondiso imisebenzi, futhi ungaya futhi. Nokho, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yamafutha kukhona izinkinga. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhanda diesel kungadingwa ngenxa bafake ngokweqile motor izingxenye, pistons olungapheli nokutubeka m. P. Lapha indima enkulu udlala imodi imoto yokusebenza.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu ukwehluleka zikaphethiloli diesel

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, inani elikhulu izici ezithonya ukuphila injini. Phakathi ukhiye - uthuli nokungcola, okuyinto ngokusebenzisa isici isihlungi ungawela ngqo injini. Ngokwesibonelo, diesel kakhulu sensitive izinga uphethiloli kukhona. Ukungcola njengamanzi nesibabule, kuholele ukugqwala of Imibhobho esemzimbeni kanye amaphampu, ngenxa lubusa uphethiloli kwezidingo. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi imodi ukunyakaza, lo kokusebenza njalo futhi ukuqala, ephumula futhi kuyomfica. Uma injini siqhutshwa isikhathi eside kwimodi eyodwa, kuyokuhambela ngokulandelana eside. Kodwa isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke ukuthi kunciphisa injini ukuphila, - isevisi abampofu esiteshini. Ngeshwa, kunzima ngempela ukukhomba, ngokushesha nje lapho konke ukulungisa ibonakala okuhle, izinkinga kuqala nazo amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziningana.

Uma izibani isibani, ukwehluleka injini, kubalulekile ukwenza okuthile, futhi uqonda zonke umshayeli. Kodwa yini okufanele uyenze esimweni esinjalo, futhi abheke kuphi umonakalo? Mhlawumbe sibhekene injini okweqile, noma mhlawumbe kukhona okwenzeka nge izinga ingxube uphethiloli emoyeni. Ngokuvamile, inkinga kungenziwa wafuna isikhathi eside. Kodwa zikhona eziningi zezimpawu ezikhombisa ukuthi engasisiza kulokhu. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola yibo ezinkulu, futhi ufunde indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile ngezandla zabo.

Lubrication akwanele

Okubizwa ngokuthi "amafutha yokulamba" iyona mbangela eyinhloko ukungasebenzi injini. Cishe kuzo zonke izimo ngenxa yokuthi ingcindezi ohlelweni alwanele noma engekho. Kakade ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa wokusebenza injini ngaphandle Lubrication amabombo sebefudumele, kukhona ke submelting aktifriktsionnogo ifaka ungqimba. I umphumela omuhle kakhulu kuleli cala - esitobhini injini, okungukuthi, Jamming yayo. Uma ezindlebeni musa cranked emibhedeni yabo, izinduku yokuxhuma kanye crankshaft ongawamukeli umonakalo ebalulekile. Uma sizama uphendukisa isigwedlo crankshaft noma pusher, iyovele ibhebhetheke, wena kudingeka siliqonde. Ngisho noma injini ibuyiselwe ngempumelelo, "uwoyela ngenxa yendlala" sizothinta kamuva.

Ngokuvamile okushisa sub-zero, abashayeli unobunzima motor ukugijima. Lokhu kwenzeka isikhathi esiningi ngenxa ukwanda uwoyela viscosity. Lokhu kunjalo ngokukhethekile kwabasebasha izingoma amaminerali. Zokwenziwa ekuboniseni kangcono ngokwayo at okushisa kokubili ongaphakeme kanye eliphezulu. Njengoba for sitholakele ukwehluleka okufana nokuphromotha ( "uwoyela ngenxa yendlala"), khona-ke kumelwe usebenzise gauge ukudluliselwa ukuhlola ezingeni. Lokhu kwenziwa "abandayo", okungukuthi, izimoto akufanele uqale isikhathi esithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, injini "Mercedes" Vaz iyiphi enye ine inzwa okuhambisanayo okuyinto ikhanyisa lapho kunengcindezi enganele kuyi-dashboard.

Okweqile yenjini nakho konke ephathelene nayo

Motor kungalimala ngenxa okweqile, ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Ngokuvamile le nkinga itholakala ukwehluleka kohlelo Ukuphola, okuyinto iyeke ukwenza umsebenzi wayo ku-force okugcwele. Kodwa, sihluke kuleli, depressurization ikhanda isilinda futhi kuholela nomphumela omubi kangaka, njengoba okweqile. Ngokuphathelene ohlelweni ukupholisa, aqhephukile amapayipi amanzi igebe isahola kurediyetha emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni ukuba ukuvuza. Ngokuvamile, izimo ezinjalo azisenzeki ngokushesha, kodwa emva ukusebenza isikhathi eside imoto. Rubber ivame ukuba ukuguga kwensimbi - ukugqwala. It kuvela ukuthi uma hhayi njalo ukuhlola uhlelo Ukuphola, kungase kwenzeke enkingeni. Akunandaba, kufanele ukushayela "Volkswagen" futhi "Porsche", ngaphandle umsebenzi omuhle Ukupholisa, ngeke, futhi uma bethanda, ke hhayi isikhathi eside.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uphawu olucacile ukwehluleka kohlelo ukupholisa ukungabi ukushisa gumbi ngenkathi yasebusika. Nokho, kungase kube avimbekile kurediyetha amapayipi noma isitofu ngobugebengu. Njengoba ohlelweni ukuvuza, lokhu kuholela ukunciphisa okuphawulekayo lokushisa lapho abilayo kokupholisayo. Ekugcineni, ukuntuleka Ukupholisa kuholela okweqile. noma izinto zokusebenza, okuyinto umane ngeke sivumele motor ukusebenza, noma okunye zidinga ukulungiswa sina: Kukhona izinketho ezimbili kukhona. Ngokwesibonelo, "VW" injini ugijima okushisa iphansana, kanye izinjini of "Mercedes" - ngesikhathi ephakeme. Ngenxa yalokho, esiphezulu lokushisa ovumelekile kubo ubuye ezahlukene.

fuel ekhethiwe engavumelekile

Sesiyazi ukuqonda okuncane mayelana kungani ukukhanya luthungelwa lo ukungasebenzi injini. Njengoba ngokuvamile kuba iphutha somshayeli siqu, kodwa hhayi 100% we amacala. Kwezinye izimo, icala amanga emahlombe kwabasebenzi SRT. Kodwa futhi kwenzeka ukuthi ukucacisa inkinga ibangelwa kunzima. Isibonelo okuphawuleka yokuntuleka izinga nophethiloli. Kungani-ke linenani ongaphakeme octane - ingxoxo ehlukile. Ngo izinjini nge inhlansi ukuthungela, lokhu kuholela detonation, okuyinto engeyinhle, futhi lokho okuyiqiniso.

Uma motors Vaz uvumele ngesandla ulungise engela kusengaphambili, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenzisa uphethiloli ngenombolo ongaphakeme octane, yesimanje yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini, ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa angaphandle, abanalo kungenzeka enjalo. Isibonelo esimangalisayo lena izinjini "Nissan" "Volvo" nabanye. Elinye iphuzu ezithakazelisayo wukuthi abashayeli abaningi ukusebenzisa uketshezi oluvutha kalula ukuqala motor e frost kanzima. Ikakhulukazi lokhu kukuthinta izinjini udizili. Ukwenza lokhu akunakwenzeka, njengoba ungakwazi kalula kungonakalisa iqembu piston.

The main ukwehluleka injini: amanzi isando uMbhalo

Imbangela ukhiye yamanzi isando - engene amasilinda uketshezi ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ingress amanzi ukuze itheku ukuncela ka lemifanekiso emoyeni. Lolu ketshezi kalula ukufinyelela amasilinda. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu ezilula, kunengqondo ukukhuluma mayelana lokuthi ezinye onobuhle imoto nivame waterhammer, nabanye - okungenani, njengoba ekwakhekeni nasekumeni komzimba indawo ipayipi ukuncela zihlukile. Ngakho, ukuze sinqume kwehluleka ilula ngokwanele. Okokuqala, it is a stop abukhali yenjini. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesizathu esilandelayo. Amanzi ingena uMbhalo, okungukuthi egumbini amandla omlilo. Kukhona-ke abuts ngokumelene piston, kanye impahla engangenwa umlilo, ingcindezi inyuka ngokucijile, kukhona ukusonteka of induku nokuxhuma esitobhini okuphelele motor.

Ngokuvamile, izimbangela zezinkumbulo nenqwaba yamanzi isando. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola kunoma iyiphi uketshezi amasilinda. Lokhu kungaba uwoyela okubangelwa lapho kubhujiswa lesi turbocharger noma okuthile okwenzeka kuzo lokho. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa ukulungiswa "Mercedes" yenjini, "Audi", neminye kuleli cala, kuyinkinga kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, phansi ngokuphelele piston iqembu.

Ilambu luthungelwa ukwehluleka injini: izinkinga Sifo ngokubukeka

Akukhona neze usaqala, ngifuna ngaphansi hood imoto, bayaqonda ukuthi wehlela injini, ngisho noma lokho kuzosusa izimpawu. Kodwa nakhu i uchwepheshe abanolwazi kalula sibone inkinga nge ukuhlolwa ezibukwayo. izimpawu ezisemqoka ukuthi iphutha ICE: imisindo nezingahlobene nendaba, umbala kanye nokwakheka amagesi qeda .. Amafutha ukusetshenziswa, njll Kodwa ngisho lapha kukhona izinkinga eziningi. Iqiniso lokuthi algorithm ekhethekile asetjentiselwa kukhomba inkinga. Benziwa kanye nochwepheshe. Kodwa lapha kumelwe siqaphele, ngoba akubona bonke izinjini abe design zakudala. Ngokwesibonelo, izinjini "Nissan" futhi Vaz kuhluke bebodwa futhi beba nabo izimpawu alinganayo zokugwema ukuphuka ukwehluleka ingashabalala ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Ezimweni eziningi, kubalulekile ukubheka hhayi ngenxa yokwehluleka futhi imbangela yayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlola abukelwe kungenzeka asipheli. Ngokwesibonelo, inkosi wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi ukulungisa yenjini, "Mercedes" kuyadingeka ngenxa amabombo engqongqoza induku. Cishe, it is yanquma ukushintsha kubo ngenxa yezimo abampofu. Kodwa kungaba njalo, hhayi kuphela e-amabombo, futhi futha eziphukile uwoyela. Ngokuvamile, indlela muhle futhi elula, kodwa asinakuyethemba njalo.

Ukuxazulula injini mechanical

Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi ngesikhathi samanje isikhathi lokuxazulula inkinga uchitha zinengi izindlela. Ingxenye mechanical motor kanye izinhlaba. Ngakho, endabeni yokuqala kudinga ochwepheshe abanolwazi kahle ababeyizazi yangaphakathi omlilo engine, kanti eyesibili - imishini yokuhlola.

Njengoba ingxenye mechanical, injini enkingeni Vaz ngokuvamile iphawulwe yi indlebe okuyinhloko. Nokho, lokhu akukhona indlela ngempela olunembile, kodwa ezimweni eziningi ngempumelelo kakhulu. Iyiphi indlela yesimanje zokuxilonga kungenzeka ukunikeza ulwazi oluphelele mayelana nesimo se-injini, njengawo ezibukwayo wokuhlola indlela.

Abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi izinzwa Vaz, kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye imoto, musa nje ufuna lokho. Zibonisa ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa futhi ahlinzeke neminye imininingwane ewusizo. Uma ngesibani samafutha ovuthayo, kubonisa ke alwanele noma kube nomuntu ocindezela ohlelweni. Kunezinhlobo ezehlukene injini izinzwa, futhi wonke lamakhono abalulekile. Noma kunjalo, ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka zonke okufanayo ukuqaqa injini bese ubheka inkinga ngokwakho. I kuyindlela elula kakhulu nengabizi indlela - hlola kokucindezelwa isilinda. Kunzima kulezi imisebenzi, lutho. Thatha ingcindezi gauge nge isixhumi akhethekile screwed ke esikhundleni i-plug inhlansi noma Imigudu. Indlela enhle kakhulu, kodwa ngokuvamile asiwanaki izici ezibalulekile ezifana mileage, khona imihuzuko phezu amasilinda. Konke lokhu kungaba esiyindida repairmen ongenalwazi. Izindlela sokulinganisa kokucindezelwa kule amasilinda ku diesel nophethiloli izinjini zihlukile. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka ibe okungenani uphawu. Uma ingcindezi lehla ngezansi ezingeni elithile, kungenzeka ukuba wahlulele ukwehluleka okusobala amasilinda.

isiphetho

Njengoba ubona, imbangela ukuthungela isibani injini enkingeni akuyona ngokushesha futhi kalula njalo azimisele. Ngokuvamile idinga ukunakwa abanolwazi lochwepheshe futhi ukutholakala imishini ukuze kuhlonzwe. Kodwa ngisho ngakho ngezinye izikhathi kwakuba nzima ukuthola isithombe oluphelele lwezenzakalo. Njengomthetho, yimuphi umonakalo zidinga ngokugcwele noma kancane injini disassembly. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanda usezandleni izingxenye enesici, noma yonke indawo. Kodwa ngokuvamile ngisho ukukhubazeka ebonakalayo ungavumeli nge 100% ngokunembile ukunquma iphutha.

Kuneminye kubaluleke kakhulu futhi unesibopho kuyinto injini ukuphathwa. Lokhu, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi wena ukuyichaza, kuyinto umjovo amafutha kanye ukuthungela. Ukuxilonga lwalezi nhlelo ezimotweni zanamuhla udinga ukusebenzisa zezitsha enamandla futhi izinsimbi. Uma kuziwa ubudala 'nesithupha' noma "penny", kukhona ke ukuxilongwa kancane ezahlukene. Zonke umsebenzi kwenziwa ngaphandle zikagesi. Ngezinye izikhathi, zikhona ngezandla voltmeter abavamile kakhulu. Nokho design elula olutheni ivumela izingcweti okukhulu ukunemba Xazulula, uwasuse bese afeze ukulungiswa we ukuthungela nophethiloli umjovo.

Engine "Mercedes" Nissan "," Audi "nabanye akheke eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukulungisa ngokuvamile eqolo. Uma zenzele wena, sebenzisa kuphela labo amafutha anconywe ngumkhiqizi, izingxenye ezisele futhi ukugcina imithetho wokusebenza. iyiphi imoto okuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo yokusebenza ezimbi nakakhulu, kodwa izingxenye uzokhathala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ukusebenza iba engazinzile. ngakho-ke, uphethwe esifike ngesikhathi futhi ukulungisa kubaluleke kangaka. Manje uyazi ukuthi Kodwa yini ongayenza uma ukukhanya lungosuku ukungasebenzi injini.