Esinye sezikhathi eside kakhulu emlandweni womcabango womuntu yifilosofi yasendulo. I-Patristicism kanye ne-scholasticism ezinye zezigaba zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqala kwala magama amabili kubhekisela emisebenzini "obaba beSonto": kusukela kubalandeli bokuqala babaphostoli kuya kubacwaningi bekhulu lesi-7 nele-8. Ake sicabangele indaba yesibili yefilosofi.
Umqondo we-scholasticism ukhokhelwe olimini lwesiGreki. Ngokwalo, ekuqaleni kwakhomba esikoleni. Ngokuqondile, leli gama libhekiswe ikakhulu ezikhungweni zemfundo, evulekile isabelomali sesonto. Othisha abasebenza kuzo babizwa ngokuthi izifundiswa. Imfundo ngalezo zinsuku yayisekelwe ekugxilweni kwezinto ezihlinzekiwe futhi isekelwe uhlelo lokujezisa izingane ezikoleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakuyizinkolo ngezindlela eziningi. Yingakho izikhungo zemfundo zavulwa emasontweni. Kutholakala egameni lesiGreki elithi "isikole" ngemva kwesikhashana saqala ukubiza uhlelo lonke. I-scholasticism yinkimbinkimbi yezimo ezazibonakalisa impilo yobuhlakani beSonto LamaKatolika lamaRoma amakhulu eminyaka. Le nkathi isabelana ngezikhathi ezinhlanu eziyinhloko. Okwokuqala kwalokhu namanje akusiyo isifundo somqondo ngomqondo othile wezwi, kodwa kuphela ukuqala kwawo. Wayebonakaliswa ngemisebenzi yabaningi bezingcingo zamaKatolika ababenegalelo ekuvusweni kwezintshisekelo zobuhlakani kulokho okwenzekayo Ukuphila. Ngenxa yalokho, izikole eziningi, izikhungo futhi, ngokufanele, abafundi kuzo. Esikhathini sesibili, abacwaningi abaningi bomlando babiza ngokuthi "i-golden age ngesikhathi sokufunda isikole." Kwaqala ngekhulu le-13. Kwaphawulwa ngemisebenzi yocingo labalingani abavelele, njengoTomas Aquinas, u-Albertus Magnus noBonaventura. Kwabe sekufika isikhathi sokuncipha okubukhali, lapho umsebenzi wezingqondo wabacwaningi beSonto LamaKatolika wafa. Ngokufika kweRaissance Renaissance kwafika isigaba sesine. Abacwaningi abakhulu ngaleso sikhathi babe: uFrancis Silvestre, uLuis Molina, Domingo Banes nabanye. Nokho, ngokusabalalisa kwemibono kaDescart kanye nabalandeli bakhe, lamanje laqala ukuphela. Inhloso entsha yentuthuko eyatholwa phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, sekuyisikhathi sesihlanu sokufunda esikoleni. Kuhlala kuze kube namuhla.
I-scholasticism iyisiqondiso sefilosofi esenzelwe ukusekela imfundiso yesonto. Imfundiso eminingi yamaKatolika ayitholakali. Ngakho-ke, ukufundiswa kwezemfundo kuyisiqondiso sefilosofi, esivame ukusebenzisa iziphakamiso ezifanele, ezihlelekile ukuze ziqondise ama-postulates eSonto LamaKatolika. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpikiswano ezinjalo, empeleni, "zanyiswa ngomunwe". Ngokuvamile, ukwaziswa abaphathi bamaKatolika ababekusebenza kwakukude nokuphila kwangempela. Njengesibonelo, singakhuluma ngomuthi weBoethius "Kubuhle bezinto ngenxa yobukhona babo." Ngakho-ke, ekubukeni kwamanje kwabantu abaningi, i-scholasticism yinto yobuciko engenzi lutho noma kuphi ekuphileni kwangempela. Isihloko salo esiyinhloko yimibuzo yenkolo nenkolo.
I-scholasticism kwifilosofi yisistimu yokucabangela esekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezinto ezithile, njengoba, isibonelo, yamukelwa ngabacwaningi basendulo, kodwa ekuhloliseni izindlela zokusetshenziswa kwezilimi ezenziwe ngeposi ezithile. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kuchaza ukusebenza ngemigomo yokufakelwa, ukungasebenzi nokumelela kwemfundiso uqobo.