I Normans - kuba ... Umlando namasiko Normans. State Normans

I Normans - ke ingenye enyakatho abantu amagama. Ngakho izakhamuzi Central kanye Southern eYurophu emashumini eminyaka VIII-XI ngokuthi amabutho zamaqhawe abanolaka, wahamba ngomkhumbi esuka emazweni abandayo. Kuphangwa abangu eziqhelelene njalo zaguqulwa empini, futhi ngenxa yalokho ibalazwe iYurophu yayingeke edwetshwa kabusha.

omqondofana eminingi

It kwanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba wonke umbuso omkhulu zamaJalimane, omele ezimisiwe lwamakhosi Carolingian noCharlemagne. It wahlaselwa England. AbaseSpain, ukuze izwe ephinde uhambo kubaphangi, ebabizela izilo yobuqaba - madhausami by imali egameni bonke horror phambi kwabo. AmaNgisi wababiza askemanami, okusho yesikebhe umlotha eziqinile. ERussia yasendulo bebizelwa amaViking. Baziwa nangokuthi ngaphansi kwegama "amaViking" (kamuva wafakazela ukuthi elithi "amaViking" amaNorseman bazibize uhambo kolwandle). Singasho ukuthi Normans - ke sika abanqobi njengoba Franks asho umbhali nkondlo, "onesibindi ngokweqile." Ngenxa isibindi, angesabi, amasosha turning zahlasela kubo ibilokhu iphumelela, kodwa kwahluka unya. Udumo kubo welulela kude - besaba bonke ababusi European, kodwa futhi ngiphuphe kokuba enkonzweni yakhe.

Warriors izizukulwane ngezizukulwane

I Normans babengamaqhawe ozalwa. Akukhona nje uhlobo enemikhuba izimo zokuphila ogwini kwezilwandle enyakatho kubenza ngakho. Inkolo nemithetho yezwe Eqinisweni, le kwezempi. Encwadini kwelizayo ujabule, lapho uyohlale ukujabulisa Valkyries ithole amasosha kuphela uyakhazinyuliswa yena impi. Ngisho abalimele kanye isosha befa abakwazi ukushiya empini futhi kwadingeka ukuba ukubulala izitha kuwo umoya wokugcina. Bese ngemuva wayedideke Odin yena (i-unkulunkulu ophakeme), futhi ibuyiselwe ezweni fabulous wasezulwini Volholl ngoba lempilo engunaphakade. I Normans - bangabantu abangamazi nhlobo umusa izitha, noma yena. imithetho yabo wamshaya unya. Omunye wabo izingane ababuthaka abadala futhi abagula (ngisho ne ngeziphambeko ezincane) babulawa. Izinkambiso zokuphila kwabo savela phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.

Izizathu kuphangwa

ubunjalo Lean, okuyinto kwenza okholwayo wangakwazi sikhule ukudla okwanele, ophoqelelwe ukuba ukuphathwa kabi izihlobo, inquma isidingo ukuhlaselwa nokuseshwa insimu eseduze evundile ocebile, okuyinto bobabili eningizimu empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Musa bangafuni abanqobi nezindawo ezingaphili enyakatho, bona ukukhuthalele elihunyushwe sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso kubo, ukwakha khona manje kuleli koloni. nezwe elivundileyo elise ngaphesheya kwezilwandle, amanzi izikhala steel Normans ikhaya lesibili. Kwakumelwe wemikhumbi emihle, ezinzile futhi iqine. Warriors babe abagwedli, they are kasibili akesabi zolwandle wahlamba maphakathi nezwe. Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba uColumbus ethola amazwe aseMelika, bona, nokho, North.

Isiyalo kwakuwukuthi

I Normans - kuba amatilosi mkhulu nokuthi wahamba kahle okugwedla ongahambi futhi ngomkhumbi, umoya kanye ngokumelene nalo. amaqhawe kungemalengiso benza abamesabi amaphayona, ukwesaba lapho ifinyelela emagumbini ezikude kakhulu zaleli EYurophu izigelekeqe ziye sizungezwe-legends. Abanamakhono kakhulu, enesibindi futhi ononya amaqhawe baba barsekami ababekholwa werewolves. Kwakumelwe esinganqobeki. Ibutho waphawula ukuzithiba, kwakuwukuthi kwemibandela ngokuvuma amasosha isikhundla futhi ifayela abaphathi, kwakukhona ikhodi udumo. Kwakumelwe nenkani ekufinyeleleni umgomo futhi ukuzibamba, ukungayeki ukuthi unikezele off ithrekhi. Uhlamvu kwaba "Nordic, wasekela." Okubaluleke kakhulu, baye umgomo oyinhloko - ukudala siqu esimweni sazo ocebile, futhi zonke izindlela ukuba okuhle. Kodwa ziye zashintsha njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka.

Qala ukunwetshwa ezibanzi

Umlando Normans (futhi lapho zibhalwa) kuhlehlela emuva eminyakeni 789. Ngu ogwini England, lawela imikhumbi emithathu lapho Danes babevela Harland, izikhonzi inkosi Beotrika. Kodwa ngemva ukutjhatjalaliswa lezindela Lindisfarne Island, bese ilandelwa iminyaka 4 futhi wathola eziningi emphakathini, a kuphangwa babebuthene kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuphela kwekhulu. Khona-ke kwaba iminyaka engu-40 kuzolile. Kodwa ngonyaka 835, lapho kubhujiswa Sheppee - esiqhingini British ngasogwini Kent, konke kwaqala. Kulandele zithi yonyaka emibi Normans ogwini lamazwe eseduze European. Kwezinye imikhankaso British Islands amaViking kwenziwa ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ubusika.

Izinhloso lifinyelelwe

Anglo-Saxons wababiza amaqaba, noma abantu enyakatho. Igama elithi "Norman" wabanika Franks. I 855-856 sika ibutho elikhulu angabeZizwe lawela olusempumalanga yeNgilandi phakade. Kodwa yanqoba ngokuphelele laseNgilandi laliphethwe kuphela ngo-1066 yi-Duke yaseNormandy (esifundeni esisenyakatho France), uWilliam, ngubani emlandweni njengoba uMnqobi ezaziwayo. Okungukuthi, kuqala Normans atheleka enyakatho yeFrance, ngisho Paris, niqinisiwe Insimu zigoqiwe ngaphansi amagalelo abo yakhe Frankish Empire State, futhi ukusuka lapho ehlaselwa England. Umlando Normans ne-kuya sobukhosi English Sicily bebonke, uphela. Futhi bebizelwa ke kakade Normans. Kuphangwa siphezu kwayo, ngoba amabutho baba abalimi. Manje kufanele evundile ngokwanele, futhi ukuqinisekisa impilo ehloniphekile kungaba ngaphandle asebenzise izikhali.

ozalwa ukunqoba

Norman ukunqoba kwadonsa namakhulu eminyaka amathathu. Ngenxa yalokho, benqotshwa ekhulwini IX-Ireland neScotland. imizamo njalo ukuze anqobe eNgilandi ezenza yokuthi esikhathini IX-X eminyaka, Normans ayekade esesikhundleni izingxenye enyakatho, empumalanga ne-central yezwe. Futhi ngokuthi ukunqoba Danelare ( «Area yomthetho Danish").

Benza kuphangwa phezu frieze - endaweni engasogwini ephakathi namuhla Denmark naseNetherlands. Norman ukunqoba enwetshiwe hhayi kuphela eSpain nasePortugal. Ngo 859, yemikhumbi eminingi ehlanganisa imikhumbi engaphezu kuka-60, igcwele egcwele ngempango eSpain, kwavela ogwini lweNyakatho Afrika. With kweminyaka 844 ukuhlaselwa nokuseshwa Spain babe njalo, ngesikhathi, baze wakwazi uthwebule Seville.

Sinenkosi ukufinyelela kunoma iyiphi indawo

Phakathi naso sonke imikhankaso Normans, amaViking abakayijwayeli emvelweni kanye kufakwe nabantu bendawo. Eningizimu ye-Italy, bangena ekuqaleni XI leminyaka, futhi 1071 kuphuma ngaphansi kokubusa Normans.

A indima ebalulekile kakhulu waya amaViking e eziMpini Zokholo. Bona iqhaza ukudalwa uMbuso eJerusalema. On imifula Volkhov, Lovat ', Dnieper futhi iVolga Normans, amaViking safinyelela woLwandle Olumnyama, wafika ogwini yoMbuso WaseByzantium. Abanye babo ahileleke ekushushumbiseni, eMfuleni iVolga noLwandle iCaspian, wafika Baghdad. Akukhona nje zikhulisa emhlabeni eladonsa Normans. Adume Viking Erik Ryzhy e 985, wamisa ikoloni e Greenland, okuyinto, naphezu sezulu zokuphila ezinzima izimo ezinzima kakhulu, owathatha iminyaka engu-400. Umholi odumile lezifiki labatinikele Saga, lapho kuthiwa ukuthi enye yamadodana ka-Erik the Red emhlabeni ngonyaka ka-1000, wavakashela i-Nyakatfo Melika.

Kuphangwa - hhayi isiphetho ngokwakho

Ukuze amaViking, ikakhulukazi X-XI eminyaka, kuphangwa kwakungafanele isiphetho ngokwakho. Ezindaweni eziningi bahlala, ukwakha isimo, indawo waleli qulo. Ingxenye bazinza Scotland, ingxenye eNingizimu ye-Italy. Isimo wadalwa Normans eSicily, eFrance, e-England. Somewhere yi kwenziwa ngokuba bamba oqondile yezwe kanye kokugumbuqelwa nkosi esisemthethweni, njengoba eNgilandi. Amabutho enkosi lokugcina Anglo-Saxons bahlulwa Godwinson uHarold at Hastings. Winner ithatha isihlalo sobukhosi kuya UWilliam uMnqobi. Esifundeni Aversa kwavela isimo lokuqala Normans eningizimu ye-Italy. Kwalandela Melfi naseSalerno, Calabria, Puglia futhi eNaples. Kamuva, zonke lezi zinkampani aye ahlanganiswa namanye embusweni Sicilia. Njengomthetho, kuqala amaViking esima phambi kwamadoda asebukhosini lendawo, bese egumbuqela kubo.

Ukuvela Normandy

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Normans kwadingeka genius zokuphatha. Godu akhange babhubhise owedlule amandla isakhiwo, ukuthatha zonke ezihamba phambili kusukela izuzwe. AmaViking kugujwa i khono elimangalisayo ukuzivumelanisa kakade kwakheka izikhungo zomthetho namasiko nezidingo zabo. Zazibahlonipha amasiko impumelelo ezizwe yanqotshwa. Isimo Normans eFrance ngokuthi Normandy owaqala ngokuvukela umsebenzi ala mazwe ekhulwini IX ngo amaViking Norwegian kanye IsiDanishi. Mina uwaphathe Hrolf kwabahamba ngezinyawo, okuthiwa ngakho ngenxa yokuthi akukho ihhashi ayengeke akwazi ukuphatha umzimba wakhe omkhulu, futhi kwakudingeka ngihambe ngezinyawo. I Normans ophoqelelwe Charles III Simple ukuqaphela ukuthelekela izwe ekuqaleni umlomo the Seine impahla yabo. Hrolf wancenga ngaphansi kwesizwe kaCharles, washada indodakazi yakhe, wathatha igama Christian Rollo. I Normans, owafika naye, futhi ubuKristu bamukela ngokuzithandela exovwe bendawo. Ukuthatha ngekhethelo France amakhosi asendulo, le Normans babakhe isakhiwo esihle kahle kwemandla embuso laseNormandy futhi eNgilandi Sicily.

Ukuthandwa savuka

Igama elithi "Norman" iyona elula. Ilihumusha ngokoqobo kusukela amaNorseman northman - «umuntu enyakatho". Njengoba sekushiwo, laba bantu ababehlala eScandinavia, lwaduma ngenxa ukunwetshwa ububanzi ekhulwini VIII-XI. Normans ehlanganisa amasosha, amatilosi, abathengisi, abahloli bamazwe nabahambi. Ngokwemvelo, abantu abakhulu kwadingeka amasiko abo, inkolo, izincwadi. Norman isiko kuyinto igatsha isiko zamaJalimane. Okuvelayo kwemikhankaso eziningi Kwabekwa ngomlomo, Saga eside. Ukuze kuhlonishwe ekhethekile yayifike izimbongi, ngokuthi scalds. Inkolo amaViking ayethunjwe izinganekwane awadlulisela namuhla amagama onkulunkulu bamaqaba - main unkulunkulu Odin futhi 12 - Thor, Loki, Braga, Heymndall nabanye. Kwakukhona 4 lonkulunkulukazi - Frigg, Freya, Idun, Sif. kwamiswa izinganekwane kusukela ekhulwini V futhi ngaphambi ukwamukelwa kobuKristu. Ibhalwe evesini, "Edda Omdala" futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba "Edda" - imithombo eyinhloko ezinganekwaneni zamaNorseman. Ngaphesheya indawo, lapho Normans noma wagijima indlela yabo izikhathi zethu Itshe walondoloza, izimpawu ezimangelengele Runic, abavubukuli baye bathola ubucwebe kanye talismans. Yonke into ekhathaza Normans, emenza namuhla esinamandla pop isiko - emakhulwini isiqophi imidlalo, amakhathuni, amanoveli athandwayo.

Enye igama

Natives zaseScandinavia kwadingeka eziningi amagama ezweni ngalinye ayebizwa ngezindlela ezahlukene - eRussia banikezwa igama "amaViking". I Normans, owafika Russia enyakatho, babesebenza enkonzweni izikhulu isiRashiya, ngokuzithandela lwendabuko kuzo, njengoba nabo ngokwabo emithanjeni yabo agelezé egazini lika Rurik, owakhiwa IX ekhulwini ubukhulu Novgorod. Wayengumuntu umsunguli umndeni kwesikhulu, kamuva owaba Russian lwamakhosi lokuqala wasebukhosini. I Normans eRussia uye njalo komculo anamandla, iqhawe esinganqobeki. Ngakho-ke, umkhumbi wempi waqanjwa "Varyag" nangamazwi ingoma ngokusuka enhliziyweni, bedumisa isibindi nobuqotho bukaJesu kwaze kwaba lawobaba, yaziwa abaningi manje.