I-Moscow - iSt. Petersburg: ithrekhi. Umzila M11. Speedway "eMoscow - eSt. Petersburg"

Njengamanje, ukwakhiwa komzila "eMoscow - eSt. Petersburg" kuhlelwe. Lesi esinye sezikhungo zokuqala eRussia Federation ngezinhloso ezikhethekile. Umgwaqo omkhulu omusha waseSt. Petersburg uzothatha isikhundla se-M10. Ukuze uhambe kuyo kuyadingeka ukhokhe.

Ulwazi jikelele

I-M10 ilahlekelwe amandla kwezinye izindawo. Kuzokwenza kube ngenye indlela ehlukile ku-Federal Highway entsha. Umzila waseMoscow -St. Petersburg, ogama lakhe lihlanganisa izindawo eziningi, lizoba nobude bamakhilomitha angaba ngu-7. Umgwaqo uzoqala kusukela emingcele ye-capital bese uqhubeka ngezifunda ezahlukene. Ikakhulukazi, izodlula eMoscow (90 km), eTverskaya (253 km), Novgorod (233 km) nasezindaweni zaseLeningrad (75 km).

Izici zokwakha

Ngonyaka we-2018, ngokwemigomo, umgwaqo okhokhelwayo eMoscow - eSt. Petersburg kufanele usebenze. Ukwakhiwa kwezigaba ezithile kuzoqala manje. Kuhlelwe ukuqedwa ngokuqala kweqhawe leNdebe Yomhlaba, elizoba ngo-2018. Izindleko eziphelele zephrojekthi zidlula ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu. Ingxenye yalesi samba izobe isetshenziswe ngokuqondile ngunkontileka. Into iyindlela yomzila emine yesigaba sobuchwepheshe 1A. Isivinini sokuhamba esilinganiselwe - angaphezu kuka-150 km / h. Umzila omusha "eMoscow - eSt. Petersburg" uzodlula ezindaweni zaseNovgorod naseTver. Kule ndawo, kuhlelwe ukwakha izakhiwo eziyikhulu zebhuloho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxoxo eziningana zizohlonywa. Kuhlelwe ukukhokha imali hhayi kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzila waseMoscow - eSt. Petersburg. Nokho, ithrekhi, noma kunjalo, izoba ngaphezu kuka-50% wabo. Kungaba ngamakhilomitha angamakhulu amane.

Izici zezomnotho. Ukusebenza kwama-PPPs

Ukuze uqale ukwakha umgwaqo omkhulu wejubane "eMoscow - eSt. Petersburg", kwadingeka ngisebenzise indlela ekhethekile. Kuleli zwe okokuqala ngqa isimiso sombambiswano womphakathi-wangasese sisetshenziswa. Yisivumelwano sokubambisana sokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwabatshalizimali abazimele. Futhi, nabo, kumele bafeze ukusetshenziselwa ezinye izindleko zesabelomali zokwakha.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala

Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, isimiso sombambiswano womphakathi-wangasese sisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezigaba eziyinhloko zomgwaqo. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje u-Avtodor uhlela ukuhlanganyela kwezinye izindawo zalesi sikhungo. Ukwakhiwa kwabo kanye nokusebenza okulandelayo kuzokwenzeka ngaphakathi kohlaka lokubambisana nomphakathi. Ngokuyinhloko zitholakala ngqo eduze kwaseSt. Petersburg.

Umthengisi wento

Bobabili abanikazi bamasheya asekhaya kanye nabangaphandle babhekene nengxenye enkulu yomgwaqo. Umthwalo oyinhloko wokwakhiwa unikezwa Inkampani eNyakatho-West Concession. Iyingxenye yenhlangano yaseFrance. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isigamu sezimali sanikezwa ngabanikazi bamasheya baseRussia. Ukubandakanya kule nqubo kuhilela izakhiwo zomunye osomabhizinisi baseSt. Petersburg. Abanye abezindaba bambiza ngokuthi umngane womongameli waseRussia. Umnikazi walezi zakhiwo u-Arkady Rothenberg. Le phakheji ithengwe eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule kusuka kumalungu enhlangano "N-trans."

Ukusayina kwesivumelwano sesikweletu

Ukuvalwa kwezezimali kwephrojekthi yokwakhiwa kwesiza esikhulu salesi sikhungo kwenzeke entwasahlobo ka-2010. Ukubhaliswa kwesivumelwano sesikweletu kwaqedwa ngempumelelo. Lo mkhiqizo wawubandakanya izinhlangano ezifana neSberbank, Vnesheconombank kanye neNyakatho-Western Concession Inkampani. Ngokwesivumelwano, izakhiwo ezibalulwe ngenhla kufanele zinikeze i-SZKK ngemali yokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi. Inani lemali mboleko lingama ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu. Ukukhokha kwakhe kunikezwa isikhathi seminyaka engamashumi amabili. Womabili amabhange azohlinzeka ngemali efanayo. I-Federal Investment Fund izophinde inikeze inani elithile kule phrojekthi. Ukuhlelwa kwezibopho zengqalasizinda kuhlelwe. Ngakho-ke, umqashi uyalindela ukukhulisa izimali zokumboza ingxenye esele yezimali.

Ukubamba iqhaza kweBhange laseYurophu

Ngaphambilini, kuma-media mass, kwabikwa ukuthi le nhlangano izoba yingxenye ekusekeleni le phrojekthi. Kwacatshangwa ukuthi ibhange lizokwazi ukuhlinzeka ingxenye ebalulekile yokutshalwa kwezimali. Lezi zimali zazihlelwe ukuthi zithunyelwe emsebenzini emsebenzini wesiqephu sokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ulwazi olulandelayo lwakwamukelwa ukuthi ibhange lizimisele ukungahlanganyeli ekuxhaseni imali yokwakha iphrojekthi. Inhlangano iphikisana nalokhu ngokuthi imisebenzi enjalo ilimaza imvelo yezwe. Lokhu, futhi, kuphikisana nekhodi yangaphakathi yebhange. Noma kunjalo, ummeli osemthethweni wenhlangano wenqabe lolu lwazi. Uthe isitatimende sokuthi iBhange laseYurophu ngeke lihlanganyele ekuxhaseni ukwakhiwa kwesigaba esiyinhloko somgwaqo omkhulu. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi izimali ezidingekayo zokuqaliswa komsebenzi seziqoqwe kakade. Kwakungadingeki ngisho nokuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ummeli omele ebhange esitatimendeni sakhe akazange akwazi ukubandakanya inhlangano ekuxhaseni ukwakhiwa kwezinye izingxenye zalesi sikhungo.

Ukubalwa okuningiliziwe kwezindleko

Izindleko zokwakha ingxenye encane yomgwaqo i-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane. Le mali ayihlanganisi izindleko zokulungisa insimu ekusetshenzisweni komsebenzi ofanelekile, kodwa ihlanganisa i-VAT. Ingxenye yesine yenkxaso yephrojekthi inikezwa kumtshalili. Umbuso uqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kwesamba esisele sokuqaliswa kokwakhiwa kwalesi sikhungo. Kubuye kuhloswe ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwensimu yomsebenzi ofanele futhi kumele kuvunyelwe imibhalo yephrojekthi. Kuhlelwe ukuwusebenzisa ngaphansi kohlelo lokuvumelanisa.

Amanani okuhamba

Ukubala okulinganayo kusenziwa. Ekuqaleni, kwakuhlelwe ukuthi ukuhamba kwesigaba esiyinhloko somzila kuzoba ngamaruble amane ngamakhilomitha. Lezi zibalo zenziwa ngokuhambisana nezinga lentengo ka-2007, azibandakanyi i-VAT. Ngenxa yalokho, intela izohluka. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukuhamba kuyoba: imvamisa yokusebenzisa umgwaqo, isikhathi sosuku, isigaba semoto nokunye okunjalo. Inani elilinganiselwe lapho umzila we-M11 uzotholakala khona, imephu yawo evezwe kulesi sihloko, ngeke kudlulele ama-ruble angu-2.5 ngekhilomitha. Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, ukusetshenziswa kwesayithi ekungeneni kwesifunda saseLeningrad (cishe amakhilomitha angu-40) kuzobiza inani elifanayo. Izindawo ezikhokhelwayo ezisele zikhona engxenyeni esemaphakathi yomzila waseMoscow-St. Petersburg. Umzila, njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, udlula kwezinye izindawo. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, i-Novgorod, iTver neMoscow. Ngakho-ke, umshayeli wemoto uzohamba emgwaqeni omkhulu uzobiza cishe i-ruble elilodwa ngekhilomitha. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lalo lonke uhambo luzoba ngamaruble angamakhulu ayisithupha. Le nkinga iphakanyiswe ehlobo eledlule kwi-International Economic Forum, eyayiseSt. Petersburg. Kulo, usihlalo webhodi leRussia Road Company Company wenza isitatimende mayelana nezindleko zokuhamba. Ngokusho kwakhe, intengo ngayinye ngekhilomitha ehambisana nomgwaqo omkhulu we-speed M11 inganda kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, intengo yayo kulindeleke ukuba ibe ngaphezu kwe-ruble eyizinkulungwane.

Ukubaluleka komsebenzi

Imisebenzi yokwenza umzila ohlukile wendlela yokusebenza M10 "i-Russia" yaqala isikhathi eside esidlule. Ukuklama kwakude kakhulu. Emuva kuma-70s, uhlelo lokuqala lomgwaqo ophindwe kabili luyingxenye yeluhlelo jikelele lokuthuthukiswa kwenhloko kanye nesifunda. Iqiniso liwukuthi umgwaqo we-M10 okwamanje ungaphansi komthwalo omkhulu. Ukuphakama okuvunyelwe kudluliwe izikhathi eziningana. Manje umthamo womzila cishe izimoto eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane ngosuku. Izimoto ezingaba ngu-170 000 ngosuku ziyizona zindlela ezithinta izimoto namuhla emgwaqweni waseMoscow-Saint Petersburg. Ithrekhi ishesha kakhulu. Ukudlula izinga eliphezulu lokulayisha elivumelekile akuthinti kuphela izinga lomgwaqo. Ekungeneni kwenhloko-dolobha, ijubane elijwayelekile kwi-M10 alidluli ngamakhilomitha ayishumi. Ngehora eliphuthumayo, lingadlulela ezinhlanu. Kule ndlela kunenani elikhulu lezingozi zemoto, ezidlula izinga elivamile ezweni lonke ngezikhathi eziningana. Ezindaweni eziseduzane, umoya ungcolise kakhulu. Leli zinga lidlula izindinganiso zangasese ze-Russian Federation izikhathi ezinhlanu.

Izinkinga zemvelo

I-Speedway Moscow - iSt. Petersburg izohlukanisa ihlathi laseKhimki ngambili. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, umsebenzi wokwakha kule ndawo umiswe okwesikhashana. Lokhu kwakungenxa yezinhlangano zokubhikisha ezaziphikisana nokubhujiswa kwemithi ukudala umgwaqo omkhulu. Izenzo zamalungu e-"Movement for the Protection of the Khimki Forest" ayeka ukunciphisa. Kamuva i-militia yakwazi ukuthola ukuthi abasebenzi babengenazo izimvume namaphepha afanelekile. Ngokushesha kwakhiwa kabusha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izishoshovu zenhlangano zizama ukumisa. Ngemva kwesikhashana, umholi weqembu angavumelani nokwakhiwa komzila wahlaselwa. Ngemva kwesikhashana, kwakhiwa inhlangano yabasha abasha. Ngenxa yalokho, i-ejensi yokuphoqelela umthetho yaphoqelelwa ukuba isakaze ikamu labo.

Kamuva, abantu abangaziwa bahlela ukuhlasela ekwakhiweni kokuphathwa kwendawo. Umnyango wokwakha wawukhishwa, amafasitela aphulwa. Umholi wenhlangano ekuvikeleni ihlathi akazange avumelane nalezi zindlela zokulwa. Abezishoshovu bakwazi ukuyeka ukwakhiwa. Nokho, ebusika umhlangano wekhomishana kahulumeni wenziwa. Inqume ukwamukela uhlaka lokuqala. Abamele ikhomishana bathe isitatimende ukuthi ukhetho ngokusho ukuthi umzila omusha othi "eMoscow - St. Petersburg" uzodlula ehlathini laseKhimki, unomthetho ngokuphelele futhi ulungile. Ekugcineni, lesi sinqumo sasixhaswa amalungu amaningi kahulumeni, ngoba, ngokombono wabo, kwakungathinteki ngokuphelele nokulinganisela. Ngemuva kwalokho, uMongameli wakhipha umyalo ngokumiswa komsebenzi wokwakha ukuhlolwa okungeziweko. Ngokushesha, umsizi kaDmitry Medvedev uthe isitatimende sokuthi umsebenzi omningi wenziwa ngokuvumelana nesinqumo somengameli. Uphinde waphawula ukuthi ukuziphatha kwabo kwafaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni okukhulu kule phrojekthi.

Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa uhlelo lwezindlela zemvelo, olwenziwe ngokulungiselela ukwakhiwa. Izindleko eziphelele zalolu hlelo zaziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine zamaRandi. Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa izakhi eziningi ezifanele. Isibonelo, izikrini zokuvikelwa komsindo kanye namaphoyinti wokuqapha umoya ozenzekelayo azodalwa. Kuhlelwe ukwenza izinyathelo ezikhethekile ukuvikela izindawo zokuvikela izinhlanzi, ukutshala izindawo eziluhlaza. IKhabhinethi yabaNgqongqoshe yanikezela isamba samabhiliyoni amaningi ukufeza le misebenzi. Lezi zimali zizosetshenziselwa izinyathelo zokukhokha ezindaweni ezithile zehlathi eziye zaqedwa ngenqubo yokwakha umgwaqo omkhulu onjubane.

"Zavidovo"

Umzila M11 "eMoscow - eSt. Petersburg" uzothinta imingcele yepaki kazwelonke. Lesi simo sesibangele nokuphikisana okuningi. Noma kunjalo, isimiso esifanele asizange sisebenze empeleni. Uhulumeni wezwe akakakafiki ukuvumelana ngalolu daba. Njengokwesimo sehlathi laseKhimki, izinhlangano ezithile zomphakathi ziphikisana nomzila we-M11 odabula ipaki kazwelonke. Izimbhikisho eziningi zahlelwa. Ngenxa yalokho, uhulumeni wezwe wanquma ukuthi esikhundleni somkhakha lapho umzila omusha uzodlula khona, ezinye izindawo zizojoyina i-Zavidovo.

Into ezayo

Umzila, owenzelwe umzila waseMoscow-St Petersburg, ukwazi ukuthola zonke izimvume ezidingekayo (ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje wezwe) futhi unesiphetho esihle ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwemvelo. Isistimu yokuphathwa komgwaqo othomathikhi kuyobe ifakwe engxenyeni esemqoka yomgwaqo omkhulu we-M11, njengoba kuhleliwe. Kuhlelelwe futhi ukudala amaphuzu okuxhumana okuphuthumayo, izinsizakalo zokuthutha, nokukhanyisa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinkinga kuzosebenza kulo lonke uhlangothi lwengxenye enkulu yesikhungo sengqalasizinda.