Izinto ze-Psychotropic - isixwayiso sengozi

Incazelo yezinto ze-psychotropic (PI)

Izinto ze-Psychotropic ziyimvelo yamakhemikhali engokwemvelo noma eyenziwe ekhuthaza noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, icindezela isimiso sezinzwa zomphakathi.

Ngaphezu kokuphuza utshwala kanye nogwayi, ingxenye enkulu yabantu inomlutha we-heroin, i-marijuana, i-cocaine, i-hashish, i-amphetamines ne-LSD.

I-PVs isebenza kanjani futhi iba kanjani umlutha kubo?

Esikhathini sobuchopho, i-PV iphula ukuvinjelwa kwezingxoxo ze-neurotransmitters - izinto ezinomthwalo wokudluliselwa kolwazi. Ngenxa yalokho, ubuchopho bulahlekelwa ikhono layo lokuhlaziya ngokwanele lokho okushiwo ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

Ngokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kwe-PV, umzimba udinga ukwanda njalo emtheni wabo. Ngenxa yalokho, kufinyelela ezingeni eliyingozi empilweni. Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abathengi bezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa (izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa) bafa.

Mayelana nezikhuthazo

Umphumela wezingcindezi ezincane

Abaningi badla i-PV, ngokwabo abazi lutho. I-tea, ikhofi ne-coke, ngenxa ye-caffeine, i-psychotropic.

Isenzo sama-amphetamines

Lezi zinto ze-psychotropic ngemva kokuthola imizwa enamandla, efana ne-orgasm. Umthengi uzizwa enjabulo enkulu, ubuhlakani nangokwenyama ngaphezu kwabo bonke abantu, isifiso esinamandla sokudala.

Ekupheleni kwe-PV, kunciphisa amandla nokukhathazeka. Abathengi abasebenzisa i-amphetamines isikhathi eside bahlakulela ukukhohlisa nokushushiswa okucutshungulwayo.

I-Cocaine Action

Ukuthatha umthamo we-cocaine uzwa injabulo enamandla kakhulu. Uzizwa enesiqiniseko, amandla akhe athulu, futhi umbono wokuphila ubonakala ngokucacile.

Kodwa-ke, maduzane, kunezibonakaliso zokukhathazeka nokuhlolisiswa okukhulu kwamaholo okuhlola.

Ukubhujiswa okungenakubuyiselwa okuvela ku-cocaine kuqhutshwa izinhlelo zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo. Umlutha we-cocaine akafa kangako ngokudlulela ngokweqile njengokusuka enhliziyweni nasesifo se-vascular.

Mayelana nama-neuropropressants

Lezi zinto zengqondo zivimbela isimiso sezinzwa nezinqubo ezenzeka ebuchosheni. Izikhungo zokuphefumula ezicindezelekile, ngakho-ke ubuchopho buzitholakala esimweni sokuntuleka kwe-oxygen. Izindlela zokuvumelanisa ukunakwa nokuvuka, inkulumo, ukudidiyelwa kwezinyathelo.

Isenzo sokuphuza utshwala

Umphumela wokuqala kotshwala uthakazelisayo. Kodwa-ke, uma umthamo ukwanda, uziphatha njengomuthi we-neuro, ukucindezela zonke izitho nezinhlelo ngaphandle kokungafani.

Isenzo sama-barbiturates nama-tranquilizers

Ekuthengisweni kwamahhala kukhona izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-2000 zama-barbiturates.

Uketshezi lwalezi PVs kubangele umuntu. Ukuzibulala okuningi okunomphumela obulalayo (imizamo engu-10%) kwenzeka ngokuqondile nokusetshenziswa kwezibhamu.

Ama-tranquilizers asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa njengezinto ze-psychotropic ezinciphisa ukukhathazeka. Noma kunjalo, ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ukulutha umlutha nokuthembela akunakugwemeka.

Mayelana nezidakamizwa

I-opium kanye neziqhamo zayo zibizwa ngokuthi izidakamizwa ngomqondo omncane wegama. Izizwe ezibangelwa ama-opiates yizona zithokozo eziqine kakhulu (umqondo wenjabulo engenangqondo), okuhlangenwe nakho kokucabanga okungajwayelekile okukhangayo.

Kodwa-ke, intengo yalezi zinto ezenzeke ngokuyisimangaliso ukubhujiswa okungenakugweba kobuchopho kanye nomzimba wonke. Ukuthembela kwe-opium, uma kushiywe kungalashwa, kuholela ekufeni.

Umphumela we-morphine

Yadalwa njenge-painkiller enamandla kunayo yonke emhlabeni. Kuze kube ezinsukwini zethu kuhlale kahle lokhu. Noma kunjalo, ukubangela ukulutha, ukudlula ngokweqile kunomphumela obulalayo.

Isenzo se-heroin

Ekuqaleni yasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwekhulu le-10 njenge-anesthetic, inamandla kune-morphine.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba kwahlushwa, kwatholakala ukuthi i-heroin yiyona into enamandla kakhulu yama-narcotic. Amasonto amathathu kusukela ekuqaleni kokwamukelwa kwakhe okwanele ukubangela ukuthembela okungenakugwenywa kuma 90% wabathengi.

Kungakapheli imizuzwana eyishumi emva kokuthatha i-heroin, umuntu uzwa imizwa ehlabayo-ukujabula okudlule. Khona-ke kufika okuhlangenwe nakho okhethekile okujabulisayo, okufana nokuzwa kwentombazane esibelethweni somama. Kodwa ngokuvunyelwa okulandelayo ngalunye kudingekile.

U-Heroin ubhubhisa umzimba wonke. Ukufa phakathi kwalabo abahlukunyezwayo kunamaphesenti ama-20 amakhulu kunawo wonke amanye amaqembu abantu. Iziguli ezisekelwe ku-Heroin ziyafa ngemva kweminyaka engu-3-4 kokuqala kokulutha izidakamizwa.

Mayelana nama-hallucinogens nama-psychedelics

Lezi zinto zengqondo zishintsha kakhulu ingqondo.

Isenzo se-LSD

I-LSD (i-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) ikhumbuza ifomula ye-biochemical ye-serotonin (i-agent yokuvimbela nokwehla) ukuthi ubuchopho buyivumela ukuba buyisele esikhundleni sayo se-serotonin yemvelo ekumetabolism .

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-LSD ngokwalo ayikwazi ukubangela ukuvimbela nokuguqulwa.

Ngakho-ke, umbono emva kokuthatha le PV ukhuliswa kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa, izinqubo zobuchopho zakhiwa ngokugqithisa ngokweqile kanye nokwaziswa kokuqapha. Umbala, ukuma nomsindo kuphambene. Izindwangu zimibalabala, ubujamo nobukhulu bubonakala njenge-superfluid futhi zishintsha, futhi imibala ikhanya ngokukhazimulayo. Noma kunjalo, isihloko siyakwazi ukulawula lezi zizindlo.

Uma kusetshenziselwa ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-LSD, ukuqala kokuqala, okungeke kulawulwe. Isibonelo, ithuba lokwenza "uhambo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi" luvula.

Ukushushiswa noma ubukhulu yizinkohliso ezivame ukuvela "kwezohambo" ezinjalo.

Imizwa umuntu ayenayo ngesikhathi samkelwa le LSD, ingathinta impilo yakhe yakudala. Kubantu abanesifo sengqondo esibuthakathaka kukhona ingozi yokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo.

Isenzo soguni kanye nesisindo

Lawa ma-PV, afana ne-LSD, enza kubangelwa amanani amakhulu kanye nama-hallucinations, nenjabulo, nokuthokoza.

Abathengi ngesikhathi samukelwa u-hashish nesangube bethola ukuqiniseka okungenangqondo ukuthi banokuqonda ngokwengeziwe kwabo kanye nabanye abantu, isimo sokuvumelana nokuvumelana nezwe elibazungezile.

Indlela yokuqeda ukusetshenziswa okungemthetho kwemithi yengqondo?

Sekuyiminyaka engaba yikhulu, bekube khona ingxabano mayelana nokuthi umphakathi kufanele uvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa okungewona ukwelashwa kwe-PV. Emazweni lapho isimo sengqondo sokubheja izidakamizwa sibekezela (ukubekezela), inkinga yokusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe kwe-PV kulula ukuyilawula. Ukusemthethweni kwezidakamizwa ngaphansi kokuqapha udokotela kususa ku-ajenda inkinga ehlobene nokuziphatha okungahambi kahle kwabantu bezisulu zabo.