I-Khamar-Daban Ridge: incazelo, ibalazwe, isithombe, lake Izinhliziyo nezindlela zokuvakasha

Enye yezilwane zasendulo emhlabeni wonke, esukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga ngamakhilomitha angu-350 futhi ekwakheni izwe elisezintabeni eningizimu yeBaikal, iKhamar-Daban isendaweni yesifunda sase-Irkutsk naseBuryatia. Ihlanganisa indawo yamakhilomitha angu-80 ububanzi, iphuzu eliphakeme ngamamitha angu-2396. Kwezinye izimo, iKhamar-Daban ingumgogodla, ongumngcele wokuphatha phakathi kwalezi zifunda.

Ulwazi jikelele

Igama lomgwaqo livela olimini lwe-Buryat: "hamar" - "impumu", "daban" - "ukudlula kwentaba", "isililo". Ngezinye izikhathi elithi "hamar" lihunyushwe ngokuthi "i-pine nati", kulokhu igama lizwakala sengathi "i-Walnut Pass". Ekuqaleni, leli gama laliyingxenye encane yezintaba, ezahlukanisa izintabeni iSlyudyanskaya, Kultuchnuyu kanye ne-cape encane elinezintambo, njengokungathi ukusika eBaikal. Ezikhathini zasendulo imihlatshelo yayiqhutshwa lapha. Yabizwa ngolimi lwesiBuryat u-Aikh-Shulun, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "itshe elibi". Namuhla uyaziwa kangcono njengoShamansky. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igama elithi Khamar-Daban lathola lonke uchungechunge lwezintaba kusukela ekucindezelekeni kweTankinskaya empumalanga nasesigodini soMfula iSelenga.

Leli ketane linesimo se-arc esinqamula isitsha seLake Baikal. Iqukethe izintaba eziningana ezinkulu zezintaba ezikhonjiswe ngokuba khona kwezintaba eziphakeme futhi ukungabi khona kwe-crest eyaziwayo. Kusukela ohlangothini olusenyakatho, ludlulela ngokushesha eLake Baikal. Eningizimu ukucindezeleka kuyahamba kancane - i-ridge idlula e-Small Khabar-Daban nasezintabeni eziphakathi kwe-Selenga.

Amaphuzu aphezulu e-ridge

INtaba Khan-Ula (2371 m) izwakala njenge "intaba yenkosi" futhi ibhekwa njengendawo ephakeme kakhulu. I-Sohor - "motley" (2316 m), kanye nePeak yaseChersky edumile (2090 m) phakathi kwabahambi. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, kwakubhekwa njengendawo ephakeme kunazo zonke futhi kwabizwa igama elifanayo.

Umsuka

I-Hamar-Daban ikhiwa ngamatshe asendulo ase-Archean, Proterozoic (ama-shales, ama-gneisses, ama-limestones). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlanganisa amadwala ezintaba-mlilo negazi (granitoids). Kukhona futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-tectonic yamanje (ama-mudslides, ukuguguleka kwamanzi, ukukhipha komhlaba, ama-landslide). Eziqhingini ungabona imidwebo ye-Quaternary glaciation.

Izimo zezulu

Ngenxa yokutholakala kwezintaba eziphakeme kanye nendawo enamanzi amaningi, izici zezulu zakwaKhamar-Daban Ridge zakhiwe, isithombe osibona kulesi sihloko. Kulezi zindawo, njengasezindaweni zonke eziseningizimu yeBaikal, imvula iyawa unyaka wonke. Eziqhingini, lesi sibalo sifinyelela ku-2000 mm ngonyaka. Emithambekeni isembozo seqhwa sisuka ku-80 kuya ku-120 cm.

Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lokujwayelekile li--17-18 degrees, kodwa ngokuvamile likwazi ukwehla kuma-35 degrees. Ehlobo izinga lokushisa lokujwayelekile liyi +15. Ngo-Agasti, kuncibilika kweqhwa kuqala, kanti ikhava elizinzile libonakala ekupheleni kukaSepthemba futhi lihlala kuze kube ngo-Ephreli-Meyi.

Imifino

E-Khamar-Daban, izitshalo zihlukaniswe ngokuqinile ngamabhande amakhulu. Amamitha angama-1500-2000 amakhulu akhulisa kakhulu ama-fir-emisedari, amahlathi e-fir-cedar anezinsiza ezincane ezinezihlahla ezinqabile. Emngceleni ongaphezulu wehlathi ukhula umsedari.

Kusukela ku-1 505 kuya ku-1.700 wamamitha (i-podgoltsovy belt), amahlathi e-fir-cedar ayinhloko, amahlumela ezihlahla (i-heath, i-golden rhododendron, i-cedar stlanik).

Emaphethelweni angaphezu kwamamitha angu-1700 - intaba ye-tundra enezinyosi kanye ne-moss.

Umhlaba wezilwane

Indawo ehlukahlukene yemvelo yemvelo ivumela izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezinyoni ukuzizwa zikhululekile kule ndawo. Emahlathini kunezinyamazane, i-elk, i- reindeer, i-boar zasendle, i-lynx, ibhere elibomvu, isabula, i-wolverine nezinye izilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinyoni eziningi ezihlukahlukene.

I-Lake Heart ku-Khamar-Daban

Leli ziqhingi elihle kakhulu lizintaba eziphakeme ze-massif, emgodini oseduze nePeak of Chersky. Kuye lapho umbono oyingqayizivele weLake Heart uvula. Kusuka lapha ungabona ngokucacile ukuthi igama lakhe livelaphi. Ichibi liyingcosana, ungayidlula ngaphesheya komjikelezo wamaminithi ayishumi nanhlanu. Ibukeka buhle ngokumangalisayo kusuka kude futhi ayibadumazi abahambi abasondela kuso. Amanzi echibini umbala we-emerald okhanyayo, futhi izintaba nesibhakabhaka kubonakala kuyo kugcwalisa isithombe esihle kakhulu. NgoJulayi, ogwini lolwandle lugcwele utshani obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuhlaza obuningi.

Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, ziphela ngokuphelele, endaweni yazo lapho zivela khona ama-orange, aphuzi, amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezinye izithombo ezinhle.

Maphakathi noSeptemba, ungabona izindawo zeqhwa lapha, futhi ekupheleni kwenyanga iqhwa selivele selisebhange njalo.

Ukugibela eHamar-Daban

Ngifuna nje ukukuxwayisa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukukhuphuka kudinga ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba namakhono athile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukwazi wonke umuntu ohlose ukuhamba ehambela eKhamar-Daban - ibalazwe lesifunda kufanele libe ngumhlanganyeli ngamunye kulolu hambo. Namuhla sizokukhombisa ukuhamba okulula kwezinsuku ezinhlanu zokuhamba. Isikimu sakhe siyindlela elandelayo: Kultuk - Range Komarinsky - Lake Heart - Chersky Peak - Chertovo Ichibi - Umfula Slyudyanka - Kultuk.

I-Komarinsky Range yingxenye yeKhamar-Daban. Iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu yiChersky Peak. Kukhona amapulatifomu amabili okubuka lapho ungabuka khona imibono emangalisa ye-Sayans ne-Khamar-Daban. Ngaphandle komgwaqo yiyona ngqungquthela yaseMongolia yomgwaqo i-Starokomar, eyakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Ngemuva kokuvela kwesitimela saseTrans-Siberia, isidingo somzila wendiza sabhidlika, futhi namuhla asinalutho.

Uma ufika esiteji sezulu, indlela izohlukaniswa kabili. Omunye wamathrekhi amasha uzokuyisa ekukhuphukeni kweChersky, kanti eyesibili izokwehlela emfuleni iPodkomarnaya emgodini.

Okuthakazelisayo kakhulu kulo mzila ukunyuka kwePeak of Chersky. Endleleni yakho, kuzoba nezihlahla ezimbalwa futhi ezimbalwa - umbuso wama-lichens kanye nezinsiza ziqala. Izindlela ze-summit zidlula emgwaqeni ogwadule futhi okhaliphile ngezintambo ezinde. Futhi ngaphansi kwalo - izigodla ezingenalutho.

Enye yazo yiLake Heart, okuvela kuwo umfula omncane iMangutayka. Esiqongweni seChersky cishe akukho zitshalo. Ngisho nasezinyangeni zasehlobo kukhithiwe ezindaweni ezinomthunzi. Kusuka phezulu kuvula i-panorama enhle kakhulu.

Umfula wasePodkomarnaya unamaphutha amaningi nemifula. Zonke zisesimweni sokuqala futhi zihambisana ngendlela efanelekile emvelweni wezemvelo. Indlela iyaqhubeka ukukhuphuka futhi ikuholele esangweni likaDeveli, elihlanganisa izigodi zemifula yaseTruskova nePodkomarnaya.

Ichibi likaDeveli

Ibonisa okuphambene ngqo neLake Heart. Itholakala hhayi esitsheni, kodwa esiteshini esikhulisiwe. Awujulile - ayikho ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili noma amathathu. Cishe ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele ne-algae, eyakha iphethini yokuqala emanzini. Kuphela enyakatho-mpumalanga yechibi kukhona isiqephu esincane sogu lolwandle. Lapha ungakwazi ukubhukuda - naphezu kokuthi ubude obukhulu - 1730 amamitha, amanzi avuselela kakhulu kuwo.

Kusuka esiteshini sesimo sezulu umzila uya e-Cossack glade. It is a platform enkulu futhi ngempela ezingeni eliphezulu emthambekeni kwentaba. Uhlangothi lwayo lokunene luphelile ngokuphelele, futhi ohlangothini lwesobunxele lumile ngokuphelele. Le ndawo inhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngoJulayi, ngenxa yezimbali eziningi ezikhulayo lapha. Indlela yokubuya yalo mzila idlula emgodini woMfula iSlyudyanka. Ukuwela kusukela ebhange elilodwa kuya kwelinye kuzonikeza uhambo lwakho umbala ongasoze ulibaleka. Izithombe ezinhle kakhulu zezintaba zeKhamar-Daban, i-crystal ekhanyayo yamahlathi e-coniferous, kusihlwa emlilweni, nakanjani kuzokukhunjulwa isikhathi eside.