I-Mekong ingumfula waseVietnam. Indawo yendawo, incazelo nesithombe soMfula iMekong

I-Mekong ingumfula, umthombo wawo engxenyeni eseningizimu yeTibetan Plateau, ikakhulukazi eTangla Ridge. Lona ukugeleza kwamanzi amakhulu eNhloneni yase-Indochina, eseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, kanye nomthambo wesine omkhulu kunazo zonke obomvu kuleli zwekazi.

Ubude obuphelele balo mfula, obuthwala amanzi kuwo wonke amazwe ayisithupha, kungamakhilomitha angu-4 500 (isibalo sinama-4900). Amanzi lapha abhekwa njengabusisiwe, akusilo lutho abantu ababizwa ngokuthi iMekong uMama Wamanzi noMfula iNayile we-Southeast Asia.

Enye yezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni

I-Mekong umfula ongomunye omkhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu. Esikhundleni sezinga le-12 emhlabeni jikelele ngokugcwele, futhi ubude bu-11. Uma kuqhathaniswa, imininingwane enjalo inikezwa: ide kakhulu kuneLena, noMackenzie, emgwaqeni omkhulu wamanzi waseCanada. Eziningi izilinganiso zisezindaweni ezingu-8, ngaphambi kukaLena kuphela, kodwa u-Amur noCongo. Ngenhla kukhulunywe ngenani lezimpawu lapho lo mfula onamandla uhlobene khona, kodwa ugeleza emazweni amane kuphela - eChina, eCambodia, eLaos naseVietnam. Futhi eThailand naseMyanma (eyayiyiBurma), ngumngcele wombuso neLaos.

Wazalwa ngama-glaciers

I-Mekong ingumfula, umthombo wawo otholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-5000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Njengoba kuphawuliwe, itholakala emithambekeni yeTangla Range, okuyindawo ehamba phambili engamakhilomitha angu-600, egcwele izinyoka ezingapheliyo.

Iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu le-ridge lisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu kunezingamamitha angu-6000 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Imifula emibili ephakeme-kwentaba - iDze-Chu noDza-Chu, eyakhiwe kusukela emifuleni eminingi yezintaba, ezizalwa ngenxa yokuqhaqhaqhwa kweqhwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-5500, ukuhlanganisa, ibelethe umthamo omkhulu wamanzi wase-Indochina okuthiwa iMekong. Umfula ezindaweni zawo ezingenhla nangaphakathi, ezitholakala ikakhulukazi e-China, zigeleza ezinkanyeni ezinzulu ezijulile. Amanzi ayo agijima emaphethelweni aseSichuan Alps (Izintaba zeSino-Tibetan) futhi, ewela i-Yunan Highlands, afinyelela emahlathini ase-Chyungshon asempumalanga yeHindustan Peninsula.

Umfula omkhulu - amagama amaningi

Ezindaweni ezingenhla kukhona ama-rapids amaningi, okuba ngaphezulu nakakhulu lapho izinga lamanzi emanzini omfula. Emaphakathi maphakathi neChina, umfula ubizwa ngokuthi i-Lancangjiang.

Ngokuvamile, kuwo wonke umfula, izakhamuzi zamazwe aphikisana nawo ziyinikeza amagama ahlukene - eVietnam kuthiwa yiCuu Long (Kyu Long), noma "ama-dragons ayisishiyagalolunye". Ubizwa ngokuthi "umfula umama", okungukuthi, "umthombo omkhulu, omkhulu".

I-Khon Waterfall

SekuseCambodia, lapho uMfula iMekong usufika khona emathafeni aseCambodia (noma eKhamuchea) endaweni eseduze ne-Khon settlement, i-rapids yesinye sezimpophoma ezidume kakhulu kunazo zonke, ezithandeka kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, ziqanjwe ngegama lika-Khon. Ukukhishwa kwamanzi nsuku zonke lapha kukhulu kakhulu - ama-cubic amamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-9 ngosuku, futhi ngezikhathi zamanzi aphakeme inani eliphakeme lama 38 cubic metres angu-40 ngosuku lilotshiwe. I-rapids enhle kakhulu ye-waterfall ithulwe ngamakhilomitha amaningana, futhi ekugcineni isondela kwenye indawo yokuhlala, idolobha lase Kratiekh, ngenxa yokuthi izinga lomfula liyancipha ngamamitha angu-21.

Kuleli dolobha elinabantu abangu-20,000 kunesidumbu lapho kuhlanganiswa khona isixhumanisi somfula ngePnom Penh, inhloko - dolobha yaseCambodia. Ngokuvamile, i-Mekong ihamba ngezimoto ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-700, futhi ngezikhathi zezikhukhula - ngo-1600 (ngaphambi kweVientiane). Izikhukhula ezinkulu zasolwandle ziphuma emlonyeni kuya enhloko-dolobha yaseVietnam.

I-delta ehlukile

Ngaphansi kwaleli dolobha, umthambo wamanzi onamandla uchithelwa kuwo wonke umhlaba, futhi, empeleni, i -delta yeMekong iqala lapha, indawo engama-70,000 square meters. I-Km. I-delta ikhona ikakhulukazi ensimini yaseVietnam futhi imelela imifula emibili emikhulu yomfula ohlukanisiwe, phakathi kwabo kunezandla ezimbili ezincane nezinqwaba zemifudlana encane nesiteshi.

Yonke indawo ye-delta, egcwele izihlahla ezincane, inqwaba kakhulu futhi empeleni iyisiphepho se-mangrove. Ama-mangrove yihlathi elihlala lihluma elihlaza. Zikhula ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni ezishisayo, emilonyeni yemifula kanye nezingxenye zomfula zasolwandle. Ubude obuphelele be-delta, endaweni eyizigidi ezingu-17 zeVietnam ezihlala kuzo, yizingamakhilomitha angu-600. Ubude bomfula banda futhi ngenxa yokuthi bujula kakhulu eNingizimu yeLwandle LwaseChina, lapho empeleni lugeleza khona eMfuleni omkhulu waseMekong. I-Vietnam, ensimini yayo i-delta, inomthelela omkhulu kulokhu kugeleza kwamanzi. Okokuqala, i-Mekong yi-breadbasket yaseVietnam (enye yegranary enkulu yomhlaba welayisi). Okwesibili, izakhamuzi eziningi ezivela emhlabeni wonke ziyazisa ubuhle obungavamile bomfula.

I-Pantry yeplanethi

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ekhulwini lama-21 uMfula waseMekong wabizwa ngokuthi ingcebo yezinto eziphilayo, njengoba kunezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezincane ezingafundwa noma ezibhekwa njengeziphelile zitholakala kuwo.

Bayibiza ngokuthi isigodi somfula kanye namaKhikhi aseplanethi. Ngo-2011, i-catfish ehambahambayo, i-frog yokucula, ibhande elinobuso "obunobumba", inhlanzi eyimpumputhe eyimpumputhe kanye nenhlanzi ene-molecule, i-lizard elinemilenze emibili kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zatholakala lapha. Futhi kusukela ngo-1997, kuye kwafunyanwa izinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane nezitshalo ezingu-1710 futhi kuchazwe eMassong basin by ososayensi abavela emazweni ahlukene.

I-Tonle Sap neMikong - izitsha zokuxhumana

Umlomo uMfula iMekong ugcwele amagwaja futhi unamamitha amaningana amaningana. Amanzi akulo aphuzi ophuzi. Ukudla kweMekong emiphakathini yayo engenhla naphakathi kunesiqhwa ne-glacial, kuyilapho ezansi zifinyelela imvula. Ukungena kanye namachibi badlala indima enkulu. Indawo enkulu yemvelo yiLake Tonle Sap, eCambodia. Izinga lamanzi kulo lizinzile kakhulu - ukujula kwalo akudluli emitha eli-1, kuyilapho ngesikhathi semvula ithola amanzi amaningi emgwaqeni ofanayo ukusuka eMekong ukuthi lesi sibalo sanda ngamamitha angu-9. Yilapho indawo yelondolozi ingamamitha ayizigidli eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2,7. I-Km. Ngezikhathi ezinomsoco, amanzi echibi azalise umfula.

Umthombo wezifo

Lapho kutholakala khona uMfula iMekong, ikakhulukazi endaweni eseceleni kwayo, kunabantu abaningi kakhulu emhlabeni. Lesi simo kanye nesimo sezulu esishisayo sinomthelela ekukhuleni nasekusabalaleni kwegciwane lomkhuhlane wezilwane, i-Dengue fever nezinye izifo ezingavamile. Abantu abayizigidi ezingu-17 abahlala e-delta, hhayi nje kuphela inhlanzi futhi bakhule ilayisi, kodwa futhi banezilwane ezifuywayo eziningana ezingenakulinganiswa.

Ichibi kanye nezinhlanzi zomfula omkhulu

Umfula waseMekong u-810,000 square meters. I-Km. Likhaya labantu abangu-250,000,000. Ukubambisana kwamazwe lapho lo mfula unobungane obuqondile, ochwepheshe banegama labo - umoya weMekong. Kusukela ngo-1957, lokhu kubambisana kuye kwaqhutshwa eMkhomishini weMfula iMekong.

Amanzi amaningi eMfuleni waseMekong, amakhulu kunawo wonke yiNyanga (ngakwesokudla), iTonle Sap (ngakwesokudla) noBanghang (ensimini yeLaos), njengoba sekushiwo, idlala indima enkulu empilweni yakhe. Izinduna ezidumile kakhulu ezisuka kwesokunxele yi-Wu, Than ne-San, futhi nazo zinezinkinga. Ngakho, inkulu kunazo zonke eMfuleni iSan yiBla, iGrey, Straepok neShanghai. E-Sanaa, egeleza kuphela ngeVietnam, endaweni yokuhlangana kwayo eMekong, eduze neCambodia, amamitha amahlanu akhiwe, okwakhiwa ama-reservoirs amaningi. I-Bassac, enye yamagatsha e-delta, iphuma eMekong iphinde igeleze e-South China Sea. Phakathi kwama-tributaries kukhona ngisho nomfula okuthiwa u-Don, ugeleza waya eMekong endaweni yaseLaos.

Umfula ogcwele

Ucebile kakhulu emahlathini nasezilwaneni zaseMekong. Lapha, ngokuyinhloko eCambodia, amahlengethwa omfula kanye namangwenya agcinwa. Kulo mfula kunezinhlanzi eziningi kakhulu - zibanjwa kalula yizicupho ze-bamboo ezibekwe ekutheni zihambe manje. Phakathi nesikhukhula, abadobi bathola ukudoba unyaka wonke. Umvelo ngokwawo uye wadala izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi, okuyinto kanye nelayisi okuwukudla okuyinhloko yabantu abaningi bendawo.