I-ductwork yekhebula ihlelwe kanjani?

Ngamunye wethu ekukhulunywe kwegama elithi "ukuthuthwa kwamanzi" phambi kwamehlo ethu kunesimiso sabathelisi namapayipi, lapho kuthuthwa khona ukuthuthwa kwamanzi okuthuthwa kwamanzi nokuthuthwa kwemfucuza yasendlini. Nokho, lezi akuzona kuphela ukuxhumana okungafakwa ngaphansi komhlaba. Enye indlela yenethiwekhi yokuhambisa amanzi ngaphansi komhlaba iyindlela yokusebenzisa ikhebula.

Incazelo

Uhlelo oluchazwe luyi-network engaphansi komhlaba yamathangi neziteshi, lapho kusetshenzwa khona ucingo kanye namakhodi kagesi. Uhlelo olunjalo lungabandakanya amapayipi, kanye nemithombo. Eyokuqala isebenza ngokubeka izintambo, kuyilapho okwesibili kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlaziywe, ukushintshwa, ukulungiswa nokwandiswa kwamandla.

Amakhodi angabekwa ngendlela evulekile, kuyilapho amapayipi engasetshenzisiwe, ashintshwa yizakhiwo zangaphansi kwezakhiwo, imigudu kanye nabaqoqi. Imigqa kulokhu iqiniswa ngosizo lwamadivaysi akhethekile.

Inhloso yamatafula ekhebula

Ukudonsa ikhebula kuyadingeka ukuvikela izintambo ekungenizeni kwezulu kanye nemithwalo yomhlabathi kanye nokuhamba. Isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa, ukushintshwa, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kocingo namanethiwekhi kagesi, futhi asikho isidingo sokuvula inhlabathi nokubhubhisa umgwaqo.

Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokudoba ikhebula

Uhlu oluvame kakhulu lwamathayi ekhebula lusekelwe endleleni yokubeka amapayipayipi. Ukufakwa kwamapayipi kwenziwa emathangeni aqoshiwe ngaphambilini. Kodwa-ke, ukubeka kungasetshenziswa kahle, kuyilapho ikhebula lingaphezulu komhlabathi, futhi ubuso bomhlabathi abuphazamiseki. Ukufakwa okunjalo kuqhutshwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokugaya.

Izinqubo ezinjalo zingase zihluke ngobukhulu besigaba nokuma kwemithombo, amapayipi ngokwabo kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni izakhi. I-Wells ingaba iplastiki, izitini kanye nokhonkolo oluqinisiwe. Kulezi zinhlelo zamapayipi kusuka:

• I-Asbestos;
• Ukukhonjwa;
• Ipulasitiki;
• I-fiberglass;
• I-fibre ye-pitch.

Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-plastic kanye ne-asbestos. Kwezinye izimo, esikhundleni samapayipu, ama-block blocks asetshenziselwa, anezigaba eziningana, okuthiwa i-multikanalami.

Idivaysi yesikhwama samanzi ekhebula

Ukudonsa ikhebula yisiteshi esiphenduliwe, esitholakala ngokujulile okuxhomeke endaweni okuyizinto ezisekelwe ngaphansi kwamapayipi. Ukujula kungahlukahluka kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-200 cm. Uma kungumbuzo wamapayipi okhonkolo, angafakwa ngisho nakakhulu, kepha amapulasitiki kufanele atholakala ekujuleni okuphansi. Amapayipi angaphansi kwemigwaqo ye-tramway ajulile ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa kancane kancane ngaphansi kwezindawo ezihamba ngezinyawo. Ngaphansi kwemigwaqo, izakhi zisezingeni eliphansi.

Amapayipi anomthamo we-4 mm ngemitha, lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi angokwemvelo angakwazi ukungena emanzini. Ikhebula namapayipi emkhatsini wemithombo kufanele kube ngokuqondile, kodwa ukuhamba kancane kancane kusavunyelwe, akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-10 mm ngemitha yepayipi. Wonke amamitha angu-25 kuya ku-150 kukhona khona izihloli zokuhlola, inani lokugcina lixhomeke kuhlelo lokubeka ikhebula. Ngaphakathi kwabathelisi abakhulu namasentimitha ezakhiwo, ikhebula elibhekene namapayipi alikwenziwa, njengoba izintambo zisolwe phezu kweziduduzi.

Ukudonsa ikhebula kungahlinzekela ukuba khona kwamathebhu amaningana emgodini owodwa, kanti amandla amathaya kufanele abe okungenani kulawo atholakala eduze komhlaba. Ububanzi obufanele kakhulu buyi-100 mm, kodwa ngaphambili kwasetshenziswa amashubhu angu-15-cm, lapho kunzima khona ukubeka ikhebula. Esikhathini esisodwa, izintambo zocingo nezombane akumelwe zitholakale.

Ukuhlelwa kokuhlolwa kwamanzi

Imithombo ye-cable-type sewerage ifakiwe ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo njengamanzi ajwayelekile okuthuthwa kwamanzi. Zineziqukathi ezinezansi, engxenyeni engenhla yazo evaliwe yi-hatch, i-throat efakwe phakathi kwayo kanye nomthombo. Ezingxenyeni eziseceleni kunezimbobo ezikhethekile zokuphuma nokungena kombhobho ngezintambo. Iningi lala makanki linesistimu yezintambo ezimbili, elingaphakathi kwalo elikhiye ngasese, isihluthulelo kuso sitholakala kuphela kumnikazi womthombo.

Kuye lapho inethiwekhi yekhebula ikhona khona, imithombo ingaba:

• Dlulisa phambili;
• Ukubhala;
• Ukuhlukanisa.

Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zisungulwa ezingxenyeni eziqondile noma kulezo zindawo lapho ukuphambuka kusuka emgqeni oqondile kungadluli ku-30 °. Ngokuqondene nesiteshi kanye nemithombo emihle, kufanele ibe khona eduze nezakhiwo noma amaphuzu okugoba wenethiwekhi, ngokulandelana. Amakhemikha ahlukanisa atholakala kumaphuzu okudambisa noma indlela yeziteshi eziningana.

Yini okunye okudingayo ukwazi ngemithombo yokubona

Ukwakhiwa komgwaqo wekhebula kungabandakanya ukumiswa kwamanzi ahlukahlukene, kumele bavuleke ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza ngekhebula futhi bafake imishini. Ama-Wells ayenziwe ngezinto ezahlukene, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva, imikhiqizo yepulasitiki enezinkani iqhubeka isetshenziswa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho umthwalo ongekho omkhulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, ku-sewerage yekhebula lemboni yangasese, kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana namamodeli ahlobo olufana neKKT-2, ububanzi balo bulingana no-136 cm, lungakwazi ukufaka imishini.

Sebenza emgodini wekhebula: ukusetshenziswa kwekhebula nge-cores cores

Ukubeka umgwaqo wekhebula, ozosebenzisa ikhebula nge-cores cores, kudinga ukufakwa ekugcineni kwezinto ezifakwe kwi-cable ye-cable galvanic. Kuye kuyobekwa fixed wire billet. Ukubeka ikhebula kwenziwa ngokusho kobuchwepheshe abathile, kuhlinzekela ukuqinisa isigubhu ngekhebula kumadivaysi afana namagundane noma ama-trolleys.

Lezi zenzo zenziwa kusukela ohlangothini lokwamukela kahle. Ikhebula londliwa engxenyeni engenhla yedrubhi, futhi emnyango wesiteshi kumele kube ne-polyethylene bushings noma amadolo ekhebula. Lapho uthola kahle, intambo yentambo iqala ukuphuma ngekhebula, kuyilapho ku-shaft supply, ukuxubana okuvela kwidubhu yekhebula kuhlale kuqapha. Lapho i-gasket iphelile, ama-end ahlolwe ukuvuza futhi ahlelwe ngokududuza. Ikhebula elibekwe emidayeni yekhebula ebusika lingenziwa ekushiseni okungenani ngo-10 ° C, kanti uma kusetshenziswe igobolondo eliholayo, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lingaba ngu -20 ° C.

Izici zamapayipi amabili anamabha

Amathanga ekhebula kabili ahlanganisiwe anezintambo eziphakeme kakhulu, akwazi ukumelana nemithwalo yemikhiqizo ehlaba umxhwele, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo enonakele. Amapayipi anokuguquguquka okuhle, ngosizo lwawo ungadlula izithiyo endleleni.

Zingaqhutshwa ebangeni lokushisa elikhulu, futhi ukutholakala kwezesekeli ezikhethekile kukuvumela ukuthi udale imigwaqo yanoma yisiphi isinkimbinkimbi. Amapayipi anjalo ngamathayi ekhebula angaba nobude obungama-35 kuya ku-150m, ahlinzekwa ngamakhoyili futhi abe ne-nylon broach. Ngisho namazinga aphansi okushisa, ahlala e-elastic, kanti i-radius encane ye-bend ilingana nama-diameter angu-8.

Isiphetho

Uma kudingekile ukukhuphula umthombo endaweni yokuhamba ngezinyawo, umthwalo obalwa kwisitsha, okungama-tani angu-10, kufanele ucatshangelwe. Ngokuqondene nomgwaqo, leli pharamitha liyanda ngamathani angu-80.