I degree of dissociation of electrolyte ababuthakathaka futhi enamandla

Igama elithi "dissociation" Chemistry kanye Biochemistry zokuwohloka iyona amakhemikhali inqubo ku ion futhi ezizivelelayo. Dissociation - iyona mkhuba okuphambene inhlangano noma recombination, futhi kuba esethola. ukulinganisa quantitative we dissociation kwenziwa ukubaluleka ezifana degree of dissociation. It has a incwadi isiqu α futhi ephawula yokusabela dissociation edlubhe izingubo (eyohlobo) izinhlelo ngokuvumelana kwesibalo: CA ↔ R + Kukhona isimo esicishe sibe zilingana. SC - nezinhlayiya of indaba kokuqala, K no A - kuyinto izinhlayiya emihle oqubuke ngenxa dissociation ezinkudlwana particulate impahla. Kusukela lapho-ke kulandela ukuthi le ndlela ibe ubuhlobo futhi undissociated izinhlayiya. Uma sicabanga ukuthi amangqamuzana n isihlakazeka hhayi isihlakazeka N amangqamuzana, lezi zimiso ingasetshenziswa kwezakhi dissociation, okuyinto libalwa: α = n • 100 / N noma iyunithi amafraktjhini: α = n / N.

Okungukuthi, degree of dissociation iyona isilinganiso izinhlayiya ubuhlobo (molecule) uhlelo eyohlobo (isixazululo) lemali kokuqala izinhlayiya (molecule) ohlelweni (isixazululo). Uma kuyaziwa ukuthi α = 5%, kusho ukuthi 5 aphume kuphela 100 molecule molecule kokuqala ngesimo ion, kanye asele molecule 95 musa ukubola. Ukuze ngamunye izidakamizwa α kuthanda, njengoba kuncike imvelo chemical engqamuzaneni, futhi lokushisa futhi nenani izinto uhlelo eyohlobo (isixazululo), isb ku lokuhlushwa yayo. electrolyte eqinile, okuhlanganisa ezithile acid, lezisekelo nosawoti ku ikhambi Nqamula ngokuphelele ku-ion, ngenxa yalesi sizathu ayifanele ukutadisha inqubo dissociation. Ngakho-ke, lapho kutadishwa isicelo electrolyte ababuthakathaka, amangqamuzana Nqamula ku ion in ikhambi akuzona ngokuphelele.

Ukuze ukusabela esethola dissociation dissociation njalo (KD), okuyinto ephawula isimo yakhoibrium, kunqunywa ifomula: KD = [K] [A] / [CA]. Indlela degree of njalo dissociation futhi oxhumene, kungenzeka ukuba ucabangele isibonelo electrolyte ababuthakathaka. Kususelwa umthetho dilution eyakhelwe zonke yokucabanga enengqondo: KD = c • α2, lapho c - lokuhlushwa ikhambi (kulesi simo i = [SC]). Kuyaziwa ukuthi isixazululo ivolumu V 1 Mol dm3 ziyoncibilika izidakamizwa. Ngo isimo sokuqala le lokuhlushwa kokuqala molecule impahla kungenziwa esashiwo: c = [SC] = 1 / V Mol / dm3, kanye lokuhlushwa ion kuyoba: [R] = [A] = 0 / V Mol / dm3. Lapho ufika yakhoibrium namagugu abo ashintshiwe: [KA] = (1 - α) / V Mol / dm3 no- [R] = [A] = α / V Mol / dm3, kuyilapho KD = (α / V • α / V) / (1 - α) / V = α2 / (1 - α) • V Icala electrolyte kancane dissociating, ngezinga dissociation (α) okuyinto eduze zero, futhi umthamo yesixazululo ungaboniswa ngokuya lokuhlushwa eyaziwa: V = 1 / [SV] = 1 / s. Khona-ke ezothando kungenziwa siguqulwe: KD = α2 / (1 - α) • V = α2 / (1 - 0) • (1 / s) = α2 • s, ukhipha impande skwele the ingxenyenamba KD / s, kungenzeka ukubala degree of dissociation ka α. Lo mthetho isebenza uma α lincane kakhulu 1.

Ukuze electrolyte abaqinile ezifanelekayo gama ngezinga okusobala dissociation. Litholakala njengoba isilinganiso nenani okusobala kuyizinhlayiyana dissociated a real noma kwencazelo ifomula Coefficient isotonic (obizwa ngokuthi uMthetho van't Hoff isici, futhi ibonisa ukuziphatha kweqiniso into e isixazululo): α = (i - 1) / (n - 1). Lapha i - Van't Hoff isici, futhi n - lemali ion kukhiqizwa. Ukuze izixazululo, amangqamuzana isihlakazeka ngokuphelele ku-ion, α ≈ 1, kanye nokuncipha lokuhlala α ngokuya ivame ukuba 1. Konke lokhu kuchazwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela electrolyte eqinile, okuyinto ugomela ngokuthi ukuhamba cations futhi anions iphazamiseke molecule eqinile electrolyte kunzima ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala, ion sizungezwe molecule uketshezi polar, kuba nokuxhumana electrostatic libizwa solvation. Okwesibili, oppositely icala cations futhi anions ikhambi, ngenxa isenzo sisakhangana amabutho ifomu abangane noma ion ngazimbili. Associates liziphathe molecule njengoba undissociated.