Hemacyte

Igazi - uketshezi begazi, njalo afundwa uhlelo igazi equkethe izakhamzimba bese kuthi amagesi. Ngenxa wakhe, kukhona lokugayeka kokudla emzimbeni, izicubu kanye izitho uthole konke ababekudinga ukuze ukuphila kwabo futhi unike imikhiqizo umzimba. Siqukethe abizwa ngokuthi izakhi kwakhiwa ne-plasma. Amangqamuzana egazi akha% engaphezudlwana 40 umthamo wegazi, kuthi enye zaba ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi - plasma. Igazi emzimbeni wenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile - ukudla, zokuphefumula, ovikelayo ukushisa yokudlulisa.

Zonke egazi zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu enkulu amaseli - kwamangqamuzana abomvu engeziwe, kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ne-platelet. Ungqimba eyinhloko amaseli zimumethe abomvu egazi, ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi abomvu egazi. Okungukuthi zamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ukunikeza abomvu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-erythrocyte - ukufeza exchange igesi, isb zithutha oxygen ukuze kwakheke amangqamuzana omzimba futhi ukuqoqa kuzo -carbon dioxide. Ukuze afeze negesi lokushintshisana amangqamuzana abomvu egazi aqukethe amaprotheni-hemoglobin ekhethekile. Ubujamo abomvu egazi zifana ngilugweda nhlangothi zombili we disc. Ngenxa ifomu enjalo kalula ukungena kuma-capillary kulencane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngilugweda nhlangothi zombili kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa ebusweni kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuba ngcono-mpilo ezokuthutha. amaseli egazi abomvu awanayo i-nuclei. Isikhathi se-la mangqamuzana ivela kuzinsuku ezingu-90 120, ngesilinganiso ilitha igazi labantu, ngokwesilinganiso equkethwe 5x10 12 degrees, futhi abesifazane - e 12 degree 4,5h10 erythrocyte.

Uhlobo elilandelayo kwamangqamuzana egazi - amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, okungukuthi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Lezi zici ukwakha enze indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni umzimba ekulweni namagciwane abangela izifo, amagciwane, futhi izinto ezihlukahlukene angaphandle. Bona ukuhlanza isayithi ukutheleleka ngemva kokubhujiswa bacterium, ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni amasosha omzimba. Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi akhiqizwa umnkantsha, ubende, izindlala zamanzi. Lokhu amaseli kungekho nto enemibala emihle ne izikhwebu evuthiwe. Okuqukethwe zamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi igazi lomuntu - 4-10h10 ngezinga lesishiyagalolunye ilitha legazi ngalinye.

Kuye ukutholakala zokusanhlamvu cytoplasm we leukocyte zihlukaniswe granulocytes futhi agranulocytes. Ngu granulocytes kukhona eosinophils, basophils futhi ama-neutrophil ukuba agranulocytes - lymphocyte futhi monocytes. Ngamunye amafomu amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi has lunye ayo, unesibopho sokwenza izinhlobo ezahlukene imisebenzi.

Igazi abizwa ngokuthi i-platelet, eqinisweni, izinsalela lamaseli emikhulu - megakaryocytes. Ama-platelet I babizwa nangokuthi platelet. Njengo-leukocyte, zingabantu kungekho nto enemibala emihle, zingenalo nuclei, abangaphumi njalo umumo. Ama-platelet I kuthiwa oluyingozi kakhulu, ngokushesha libhujiswa ngo amalungiselelo fresh. Ama-platelet I zidlala indima ebalulekile enqubeni ukusonga, ukwakheka amahlule kunqandwe ukopha. igazi platelet count zokhahlamba kusuka 200 kuya 400h10 9 degrees ilitha legazi ngalinye.

Amangqamuzana egazi akhiwa izitho hematopoietic, okuyizinto umnkantsha wethambo, izindlala zamanzi, ubende. Emzimbeni, kukhona isixhumanisi inextricable kwakheka izakhi ngezidumbu lapho lekukhicitwa libhujisiwe futhi iyunithi ukulawulwa kwale nqubo.

Okuqukethwe izinhlobo ezahlukene ifomu izakhi - value kuqhathaniswa njalo. Ukukhubazeka kungaba uphawu ezibalulekile izifo ezihlukahlukene. Inombolo izinhlobo ezahlukene egazi ibonisa analysis eningiliziwe jikelele igazi leukocyte ifomula. Lokhu kuhlaziya kuhlanganisa nenani elithwala umoya-mpilo, umbala, inkomba, erythrocyte sedimentation isilinganiso, amangqamuzana egazi. ukuhlaziywa thebula libonisa zonke izinkomba bayizakhamuzi ezivamile, ngawo kuqhathaniswe imiphumela.