Violets: ukunakekelwa ekhaya, incazelo, imifanekiso, kokukhulelwa, ukuchelela

Obucayi enhle imbali ebizwa violets, abanakekela ekhaya leyo, silula - isitshalo ethandwa kakhulu zasendlini esizoheha abalandeli ekhaya imbali ngoba shades zayo ezihlukahlukene imibala nezinhlobonhlobo.

Umlando kwegama

Umlando violets Ziyathakazelisa: lapho betholakala khona e-Afrika, eduze Uzambarskih Mountains (Tanzania Territory). Akubonako izimbali amahle onsomi 1893 ngengozi umbusi eMpumalanga Afrika, uhamba ehlathini eduze nezimpophoma. Wabuye wathumela ikhophi imbali kuyise - sesayensi German.

Ulrich von Saint-Paul wenza incazelo eningiliziwe ukuhlonza Botanical nokuthola, imbali ibizwa ngokuthi violets noma Saintpaulia. Ngemva kuyilapho imbali kwaboniswa eWorld Isentha, okuyinto yabakhanga balimi kanye abalimi, sibonga ngalo abaningi uhlobo olusha Saintpaulia wona ahoxiswa.

incazelo imbali

Ngakho yiziphi lezi zimbali? Violets - isitshalo herbaceous we Gesneriaceae umndeni, okwenzeka kusuka tropical eMpumalanga Afrika, violet European asihlobene. Lezi zimbali - eyintandokazi kakhulu futhi ethandwa phakathi houseplants.

Inzuzo enkulu Saintpaulia - zom isikhathi eside, cishe unyaka wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ukwehluka evumela iwindi onqenqemeni oluncane ukubeka eziningana violet izimbali ngemibala ehlukene, ngoba lesi sitshalo uqobo idinga isikhala okuncane kakhulu.

Ukunakekelwa Lighting

Violets, abanakekela ekhaya salokho - inqubo akunzima kakhulu, finicky kakhulu mayelana nendawo yabo:

• nokushoda ukukhanya kwenzeka okwehlisa kumiswa amaqabunga kanye efihlekile,
• nge ngokweqile amahlamvu kwelanga kungase ashiswe, imbali kufe kuqala;
• Kufanele ukhethe indawo ngempela elikhanyayo, elifudumele, kodwa hhayi kakhulu zikhanyiswa ilanga elikhanyayo, bese isitshalo uyozizwa ngempela ukhululekile;
• esinye isimo - kufanele siqiniseke ukuthi amaqabunga violets musa baxhumane nefasitela, nakho kwenza abantu bakuphathe ukusha.

Ideal for windows senpoliy entshonalanga nasempumalanga, kodwa eningizimu - kuphela ubusika. Uma isitshalo zingafakwa kuphela window eningizimu, kufanele ubeke izimbiza ukuze ilanga ukuba izitshalo entula (isib, ohlangothini etafuleni eduze sill iwindi).

lokushisa elikhulu sokukhula - + 23-25ºS futhi violet omdala - mncane 20-24ºS +. Lesi sitshalo akakubekezeleli kushintsha izinga lokushisa (esiphezulu - a degrees ambalwa), futhi akathandi okusalungiswa. ukunakekelwa kahle violets ebusika ekhaya uzoqhubeka isikhathi zezimbali.

Kufanele ahlole njalo nezitshalo ukususa emaqabungeni amadala noma ezilimele futhi izimbali omisiwe kuye kwaphela. Uma isiqu ukuze wazala ngemva kokukhipha amahlamvu ephansi, lesi sitshalo kumele utshalwe kabusha, lapho uphuma khona isitshalo kakhulu emhlabathini (ngaphambi amahlamvu). Ukufakelwa violets kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza njalo ngonyaka njengoba inhlabathi Ukuwohloka ebhodweni.

Inhlabathi futhi ayakhala

Saintpaulia - violet, ukuthambisa nomhlabathi okuyiwona ibalulekile. Plant ukhetha inhlabathi okuxekethile, amanzi emvula ezinhle. Landing ingxube siqukethe le izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• phansi Turf;
• leaf isikhunta;
• isihlabathi;
• sphagnum moss.

Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ingxube nezitolo eseqedile, kodwa nge ukwengeza Perlite, moss noma kakhukhunathi substrate. Ngokuvamile abalimi engeza ezweni ehlathini, futhi njengoba ayeseke elixutshwe ngayo eshidini.

kuphela ukuvikela amanzi kufanelekile ngenkasa senpolii (kampompi noma imvula). Ngenxa yokukhetha Peat inhlabathi, umswakama ngokushesha ahwamuka okuyinto, violets ukuchelela uthola omnene, nge ukuchichima yingozi ngisho okukhulu kuye kunokumane nje ukuntuleka umswakama. Uma amanzi e esidayisa ungaqala abolile stem kanye nezimpande zaso eduze. Kuhle inketho - wanezela amanzi kuya pan noma ebhodweni usebenzisa ukucwiliswa in efudumele (Igumbi lokushisa) amanzi.

Uyabakhathalela ebusika

Ukunisela futhi ngoba violets ukunakekelwa ebusika ekhaya luyindida ngenxa ukwehla oqinile nomswakama egumbini lapho zokufudumeza, futhi badinga 60%. Ngakho-ke, ebusika, sincoma usebenzisa humidifier noma sishaye njalo amanzi emhlabeni isitshalo, futhi ngokuphelele akakwazi ukuvumela ukungena amanzi phezu mnene Velvety amaqabunga violets.

Ubunzima main ukunakekelwa ebusika:

• lokushisa air lehla: izitshalo uncamela + 20-25 ° C, futhi kusukela ebukhali lokushisa iconsi ingaqala;
• ukusondela Ukushisa amabhethri;
• ukushiswa ilanga ebusika noma abandayo ku window, uma kukhona namabala amhlophe ku iqabunga, ibhodwe of violets kumele zisuswe window;
• violets ukuchichima ngenxa emoyeni elomile - kulesi simo, lesi sitshalo utshalwe hhayi ukuze agobe uhlelo impande.

Ebusika, a ukukhanyisa kubaluleke kakhulu ezengeziwe, ngoba uma kungenjalo izitshalo zihlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka ekukhanyeni. Kungcono ufake izibani Fluorescent, futhi zihlanganisa i-3-4 amahora amaningi nsuku zonke: abazi nokushisa emoyeni futhi ahlinzeke ngisho ukukhanya.

izindlela yokudla

Saintpaulia ungathandi overfeeding futhi ibekezelelwe kahle ngokungabi fertilizer. Uma izitshalo zitshalwa enhlabathini ekhethekile, sesivele iqukethe izakhi ezidingekayo futhi ukulandelela izakhi. Ukuze ukuvundiswa ezengeziwe (uma izitshalo ngokusobala isiphelile) ungasebenzisa nomanyolo for violets: e elimbudumbudu noma uketshezi. I izingoma are of nhlobonhlobo eziningana:

• amaminerali - ukwandisa asidi kwenhlabathi futhi ashukumise zezimbali (superphosphate e elimbudumbudu);
• amaminerali eziyinkimbinkimbi (powder noma uketshezi) "Uniflor", "Nkosi", "Etisso" "Fertikov", njll.;
• Okuhlobene: humus, umquba, uketshezi amalungiselelo rubberized ( "Rainbow", "Ideal", "Gummi").

Futhi, ngesikhathi ibhukumaka efihlekile ungenza ukugqoka Umanyolo ne phosphorus kanye izitshalo abasha - ne eziningi nitrogen. Umanyolo for violets ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa kaningi ngaphezu 1 isikhathi ngenyanga, eziba izinhlobo ezahlukene.

Breeding Izindlela violets

Ukuze ukukhula okuhle imbiza ungakwazi 'ukuphila' isitshalo esisodwa kuphela, ngakho-ke uma kudingeka wanabalalisela esidayisa extra imali, kodwa ngokunakekela ingamthinti izimpande. Lokhu kukunika ithuba uthole kwesinye isitshalo ngaphandle kokuchitha ezezimali owengeziwe.

Kunezindlela eziningana okuyinto esandisa violets. Ukunakekelwa ekhaya kuzovumela kahle kulula ukuba asilungise yokutshala ukubuyabuyelela impahla ngisho ezikhulayo izinhlobo ezintsha:

• izingcezu leaf;
• esidayisa noma amaswidi;
• imbewu (inqubo ende).

Isikhathi elilungile salokhu Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngoba ebusika lesi sitshalo isebujameni lokuphumula futhi kudinga izimo ethize ukunakekelwa.

Lokusakaza cuttings (amahlamvu)

Indlela elula elikuvumela ukuba zikhule izitshalo ekhaya kukhona izinhlobo eziningi violets - esiphelweni by cuttings. Ngenxa yale njongo, ishidi elikhulu ukuba usike nommese obukhali kakhulu nge-engela kancane (hhayi yokuchitha stem).

Kukhona 2 izindlela amaqabunga kucedvwa yilezi:

• emanzini lapho obuncane leaf lehliselwa imilenze, - impande ukuhluma Ngokwejwayelekile kuthatha isikhathi esingamasonto izinsuku 10-14 (amanzi kumele kancane kancane ngeza ngenkathi sigcina ezingeni elifanayo);
• endaweni inhlabathi ekhethekile (ingxube Peat) kumuntu ukujula esanele ubambe leaf ku imile engela kancane, nge iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu iwukuhlale microclimate ngaphezu komhlabathi usebenzisa polyethylene izikhwama, amathini noma Imi isiqeshana amabhodlela epulasitiki, inhlabathi kumele sigcine umswakama eyanele, mini-greenhouse ukoreneneniya zisuswe emva ukusika.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha Izitolo

Lapho violets omdala etshalwa kahle kakade, bese eduze kwayo ziqala ukuvela nezinyawo ingane (zokutholwa), okuyinto izosiza nokusakaza lesi sitshalo. Ukuze esidayisa otsadit, udinga ulinde size luyokhula ubuncane 5 cm ukuphakama. Ngemva kwalokho ngokucophelela ke ahlukaniswa stem main, ukunakekela masingoni izimpande.

Kungcono ukubeka enhlabathini efanayo emva ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele inyanga Violet izokhipha amahlamvu abasha fresh futhi baqala kumiswa flower efihlekile.

Lesitshalo nezinhlobonhlobo violets

izinhlobonhlobo Uzambarskih ka violets - ezihlukahlukene imibalabala eyahlukahlukene kanye nokuma amaqabunga, okuyinto Usukhishiwe ngu izazi zezinto eziphilayo professional ngenhloso noma ngephutha abathandi. Futhi yokuzala cuttings kwanoma iyiphi umtshali angakhula i uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele (zinhlobo ngamahlumela ezinga eliphansi omunye).

Saintpaulia izinhlobo zihlukaniswe amaqembu amaningana ngokusho ubukhulu lapho uphuma khona, ezihlukahlukene imibala nobujamo amahlamvu.

Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobonhlobo ngemibala okuqinile noma nge umphetho ngokwemvelo ifa izici nabazali inqubo ipuleti yokuzala, emngceleni ingavela kuphela ngesikhathi izimbali lesibili.

zinhlobo Fancy (ehlotshiswe izindawo, imivimbo, amachashazi) Kunconywa peduncles noma okusakazwa usebenzisa laterals, ke ifa umbala. Ngendlela efanayo futhi okusakazwa fialki- "Chimera" kokuba iphethini kwi izimbali lapho imisebe.

Hang-downing izinhlobo nge-stem eside futhi likhula ngesikhathi esifanayo amaphuzu amaningana, eziningi ezahlukene imibala kanye ezihlukahlukene ezijwayelekile.

Amabanga uthayiphe Osa - uhlobo olulodwa yokuqala futhi entsha violets, ogama imbali has a Lobe iDemo engenhla 2 no-3, ukubukeka ezingavamile ephansi, eside kaJesu, ukwakha.

Omunye izinhlobo ethandwayo njengamanje - violet okwesibhakabhaka, ezifuywa e-Russia, has a esikhulu, kuze kufinyelele 10 cm, izimbali bright blue nesitshalo ngokwayo - silnovetvistoe futhi kuze kufinyelele 40 cm Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningana violets, izimbali ezakheke ehlukahlukene .:

• Blue inkungu - ugodo blue amabhola Fluffy nge imiphetho wavy.
• Blue iDanube - has a lot of izimbali blue kuze 5 cm ububanzi.
• Blue Dragon - ayilutho blue ne izinkanyezi blue esikhungweni, umngcele ububanzi obomvu ngemajini ezimhlophe negolide, imibala-6 cm.
• Blue Lagoon - a violet bright blue ukuba ibala okwesibhakabhaka kanye frill elibomvu emaceleni.

Izifo nokwelashwa senpoliy

Violet - isitshalo ezingezwakali kakhulu, ezidinga nomswakama ezithile nomhlabathi, ukukhanya okuningi kodwa hhayi elangeni ngqo, ezinye ekunakekelweni ukunikeza. Kodwa ngisho nalapho zonke lezi izimo kwenzeka, lesi sitshalo igule.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko kulesi simo - ukuze ufunde ukuthi kutholakale imbangela yokushona sifo ukuhlukanisa phakathi zezifo ezithathelwanayo namakhambi violets ezithelelanayo, okusho kubangelwa nokushoda ezinye izakhi noma izimo yeziboshwa okungafanele ...

Enye yezinkinga ezivamile - yellowing amaqabunga zalesi sihlahla, okuvame ukubangelwa asidi okungafanele zenhlabathi, ilanga esikhanya kakhulu noma Ukufiphaza eqinile.

Izifo izifo violets:

• Ukuswaba (bola enethiwekhi) - lwegciwane kuyinto Ukuswaba ukhunta ekujuleni izimpande abasha lapho izimo okungavamile (inhlabathi esindayo, ukuchichima kwamanzi njalo, abandayo ikakhulukazi, ebhodweni elikhulu kakhulu). Ngenxa yokugula umoba eshiya nsundu futhi aqala ukuwela. Ngokuba nokuvimbela okuvela yaleli ukhunta Kunconywa nisela isitshalo isixazululo ezinyangeni ezingu-2 fundazol. Ukuze ekwelapheni violets kufanele luphathwe nesikhunta emva kokukhipha omisiwe noma abolile neziqu kanye namahlamvu.
• Powdery isikhutha - obonakala njengenhlangano i-plaque off-omhlophe kuzo zonke izingxenye ebusweni ukunweba ngokuntula yokukhanyisa, umswakama okungafanele, uthuli noma ukungcola emoyeni. Imbangela kungase kube ukuntuleka (potassium ne phosphorus), noma i-overabundance ka microelements (nitrogen). Kungasetshenziswa for ekwelapheni noma sishaye fundazol benlatom (ngokuvamile suffice 1 sikhathi, kodwa kungase kuphinde kushiwo abanye uma kunesidingo). Ukuze ugweme ukugula isikhutha violets, abanakekela ekhaya ngoba wakhe kufanele kube ngale ndlela: nokuvimbela okwenza usula ezimanzi esesula amahlamvu, pholisa igumbi futhi kuvimbele umswakama ngokweqile imbiza;

• okulimaza sekwephuzile - ukubola impande collar violets futhi ukubukeka izindawo brown on iqabunga, okuyinto kubangelwa ukhunta lingena ngokusebenzisa izimpande noma izilonda ku ngeziqu. okulimaza ingozi iwukuthi ezinhlamvu fungal axazulule enhlabathini, ngakho ukuphela kwesixazululo ukubhubhisa izitshalo futhi inzalo imbiza. Ukuvimbela okuvela isifo ezingemnandi kufanele wanezela ukuze inhlabathi ihlale futhi superphosphate umswakama hhayi ephakeme kuka-60% egumbini;
• isikhunta Gray, okuyinto kubangelwa ukhunta Botrytis livela grey ansundu patina kuzo zonke izingxenye eliphezulu zalesi sihlahla, bese ekonakaleni nokufa violets. Lesi sikhunta ngokuvamile Ufika ingcoliswe umhlabathi, ngakho ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo ngasinye Kunconywa ukuba inhlabathi nqabela efrijini, bese bazithela nge isixazululo manganese. Zonke iziguli ngesidingo ukubhubhisa violet futhi inqubo isitshalo nesikhunta. Ukuvimbela isifo, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuthambisa ngokweqile futhi ebukhali lokushisa iconsi egumbini.

izinambuzane violets

Izinambuzane esivame kakhulu ezithinta senpolii:

• isikali izinambuzane - amahlamvu abatelekile kanye umoba abasebasha, deforming kubo futhi okubangela ukubukeka izindawo abomvu; ngokumelene nabo, kuyasiza ukucutshungulwa "aktellik" noma "fitoverm";
• Aphid ngokuvamile angena ngayo endlini kusukela izimbali fresh, izinambuzane zidla efihlekile imbali usebenzisa isitshalo ubisi ngoba ukudla; ukuqeda aphid, kufanele usebenzise "Moskpilan" noma "aktellik";
• imikhaza (izinhlobo eziningana) - bonakalise amahlamvu abasha ukubhekana nazo izitshalo ziphathwa "Akarinom", "fitoverm" nabanye.

Violets noma Saintpaulia - imibala amahle kakhulu futhi ezihlukahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo esimila Ornamental selikhule ngempumelelo windowsills, abaningi amateur nezobuchwepheshe imbali zokuhlobisa.