Gypsum isibopho: izici, izakhiwo, kukhiqizwa futhi kusetshenziswa

Ukwakhiwa kanye nezinye izinto ezenziwe Gypsum esetshenziswa emikhakheni eyehlukene yomnotho. sekukudala akumangalisi. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abacabanga ukuthi yini ngempela yokuhlanganisa Gypsum, esebenza njengesikhali impahla eluhlaza kanye njengoba uthola ngaye. Kodwa ukwenziwa zokwakha (usimende, wokwakha ezigqulweni, usimende amashidi) kanye nezinye izingxenye kufanele uqale ukulungiselela a impahla eluhlaza. Ngenxa yokuthi izici impahla eqeda incike kakhulu izinga izinto zokusetshenziswa kusetshenziswe.

Umqondo futhi isakhiwo

Isibopho of Gypsum okokusebenza emoyeni, esakhiwa kakhulu of Gypsum dihydrate. Ukubunjwa Gypsum yemvelo futhi umphelelisi anhydride nokusaphaza ahlukene izimboni, okuhlanganisa i-calcium sulfurous.

Leli qembu kuhlanganisa izinto oluyinhlanganisela. Uma sibheka ukwakheka kwazo zabo - olukhonkiwe paris, lime, ngokufutha komoya esithandweni slag usimende.

I impahla eluhlaza for the zokukhiqiza rocks equkethe sulfate. GOST kunqunywa ukuthi yokukhiqiza Gypsum isibopho ingasetshenziswa kuphela Gypsum (okuhlangabezana nazo zonke izimfuneko ezisebenza ke GOST 4013) noma phosphogypsum njengoba elihambisana izidingo zomthetho.

Izimpawu Gypsum binders

isixazululo Gypsum kumele kusetshenziswe kuze solidification wako. Awukwazi ugovuze emva inqubo crystallization sekuqalile kakade. Eshukumisayo kubangela ukubhujiswa isibopho elalisanda kumiswa ngaphakathi kwalezi zinhlayiya uzimele. Ngenxa yalokhu, ikhambi ulahlekelwa ikhono layo esibophezelayo.

imikhiqizo ukhonkolo akuzona amanzi. Kodwa abakhiqizi we ukwaziswa okusencwadini kulesi simo. Ososayensi sinqume ukuthi izithasiselo ehlukahlukene Gypsum binders uvumele ukwandisa lesi sibalo. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokwakheka nto ungeze izinto ezihlukahlukene: lime, phansi kuqhuma esithandweni slag, urea inhlaka, uketshezi organic okuyinto zihlanganisa silicon.

Ukusetshenziswa Gypsum izinto akudingi ukusetshenziswa excipients ezengeziwe. Abanaso shwabanisa, ku avele aphathwe neminkenke ngaphezulu. Gypsum binders, kunalokho, anda ivolumu emva sokwelapha ephelele. Kwezinye izimo, engeza chips izinkuni, umlilo, ilula, ubumba enwetshiwe kanye nezinye izinto.

Esinye isici - izinto Gypsum ukusheshisa ukugqwala of izinsimbi ayoni (izinzipho, ama-valve, izintambo nokunye). Le nqubo kwenzeka ngokushesha ngisho ezimweni ezimanzi.

Gypsum astringent ngokushesha ungamunca umswakama bese ulahlekelwa umsebenzi wabo. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhatsi isitoreji kanye zokuhamba kuyadingeka ukuze bagcine iziqondiso ezithile. Material lingalondolozwa endaweni eyomile. Ngisho maqondana lo mthetho, ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu wesitoreji impahla uzolahlekelwa mayelana amathathu amaphesenti umsebenzi wayo. Kokuthutha impahla ngenqwaba noma igcwele izigubhu. Kubalulekile ukuze awuvikele uthuli futhi umswakama.

ukukhiqizwa

Ukuze le nqubo kumele enze izinqubo ezilandelayo:

• ebhidliza yemvelo impahla Gypsum;
• dryer impahla eluhlaza;
• imithelela lokushisa.

Gypsum kufakwa le hopper, lapho engena crusher. Kube ibhula yayo zibe izicucu, ubukhulu zazo ingeqi ngamasentimitha amane. Ngemva kwasani okwalotshwa ikheshi iya bin okuphakelayo. Kusukela lapho uya ezingxenyeni alinganayo esigayweni. Kukhona-ke iyoma futhi sichotshozwe ingxenyenamba ezincane. Iphele kulesigaba liyadingeka shesha bese lula inqubo nokuqeda impahla.

I powder isigayo ukufuthelana amadigri ayisishiyagalolunye. Kuleli zinga, it is uthuthwa kubhayela gipsovarochny. Lapha kulapho amanzi ukhululeka kwento nqubo yokushisa. Le nqubo iqala lokushisa ongaphakeme (mayelana ayisishiyagalombili degrees). Kodwa amanzi impahla kungcono ahambe ibanga lokushisa kusuka eyikhulu neshumi komunye namashumi ayisishiyagalombili degrees.

Yonke inqubo yokwelashwa lokushisa ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili. Okokuqala, phakathi namahora amathathu okokusebenza inakekelwa ku digester. Kukhona amanzi isuswe kanye dihydrate Gypsum iguqulwe ibe hemihydrate. Sonke lesi sikhathi, olukhonkiwe ukuthi ibangele Ukushisa umfaniswano. Ekupheleni isikhathi esithile, ketshezi isesimweni ashisayo ithunyelwa okuthiwa ndlu ukulangazelela. Ubizwa ayisekho ukufuthelana. Kodwa ngenxa lokushisa eliphezulu ketshezi khona uyaqhubeka inqubo ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Kuthatha cishe imizuzu engamashumi amane. Ngemva kwalokho, izinto ngibopha abhekwa ngomumo. Futhi bathunyelwa ishede imikhiqizo isiqedile.

impahla ukuqina

Ukuqina kwenzeka Gypsum binders lapho exutshwe namanzi powder. Loku mass plastic okuyinto Uqinisa emva kwamaminithi ambalwa. Kusukela iphuzu amakhemikhali buka, kukhona inqubo ephambene nalokho kwenzeka inqubo ukukhiqizwa. It kuphela kwenzeka eziningi ngokushesha. Lokho hemihydrate Gypsum unezela ngamanzi ukwakha Gypsum dihydrate izidakamizwa. lonke Le nqubo zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu.

Esikhathini sokuqala hemihydrate esiteji Gypsum ancibilikisa emanzini ukwakha isixazululo ayegcwele dihydrate Gypsum. Dihydrate has a high solubility Inkomba. Ngenxa yalesi fast kakhulu saturation yenqubo isixazululo. Ngenxa yalokho - kwezulu, okungukufa dihydrate. Lezi zinhlayiya ukugqashuka banamathelane, kanjalo kokuqala inqubo kulungiselelwa.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo - crystallization. Zinhlayiya olulodwa njengoba ukukhula izinto kokuqala ukuxhuma bese bakha skeleton eqinile. Njengoba omiswe (ukususwa umswakama) ngaphakathi kwalezi zinhlayiya waqina ngokwengeziwe.

Ukushintsha kulungiselelwa isivinini

inqubo elapha kungenziwa yashesha noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthi lihambe kancane njengoba kudingeka. Kwenze lokhu izithasiselo okuyinto yethulwe Gypsum binders.

Izinhlobo izithasiselo ukusheshisa le nqubo sokwelapha:

• izinto ezikhulisa solubility of hemihydrate sodium sulfate noma potassium usawoti kanye nokunye okufana nalokho;

• ikhemikhali kuyoba isikhungo ukusabela crystallization: nosawoti of wali band acid, ochotshoziwe Gypsum zemvelo nokunye.

kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe Gypsum olwembiza. izinhlayiya zayo ukukhonza njengephayona crystallization izikhungo emhlabeni okuyinto luyokhula crystal esizayo. It libhekene mkhulu kahle "yesibili" Gypsum. Libhekisela olukhonkiwe, osuvele ubhekene kulungiselelwa futhi eyenza lukhuni-calcium sulphide. nengqondo okunjalo akunakubangelwa imikhiqizo ephukile imibengo.

Ukubambezela yonke inqubo yokumisa izithako ezilandelayo:

• okwandisa test plasticity: ukhuni isixazululo glue emanzini, ukumnika coniferous, emulsion lime-ingcina, lst nokunye;

• It kuvimbela crystal ukukhula ifilimu kwakhiwa okuyinto phezu okusanhlamvu ngaphansi kwethonya hemihydrate Gypsum izinto ezifana borax, ammonia, retarder yi-keratin, phosphate kanye borates ngezinto alikhali, utshwala Lilac, nabanye.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inqubo kuyashesha isingeniso kwezithako kubathinta kabi amandla of Gypsum. Ngakho-ke, kumele kusetshenziswe ngokuqapha, bese wengeza okuncane.

Ukusetha isikhathi (sokwelapha) kuncike kakhulu izinga of izinto zokusetshenziswa, isikhathi kanye isitoreji izimo, izinga lokushisa lapho impahla uxhumano inqubo ngamanzi, ngisho nesikhathi ukuxuba isixazululo.

Too kulungiselelwa esifushane ngokuvamile ehambisana nokuba khona asendabeni dihydrate izinhlayiya okuyinto bahlala khona emva kokudubula. isikhathi Ukubeka izonyuka uma into Gypsum is sekuqala ukufudumala kuya cishe amane nanhlanu degrees. Uma izinga lokushisa kwe-material ukwandisa nakakhulu inqubo, kunalokho, ijubane. Isikhathi eside eshukumisayo Gypsum ingxube ukuphuthumisa inqubo kulungiselelwa.

Umehluko phakathi theory kanye umkhuba

Isici yenqubo sokwelapha wukuthi Gypsum, ngokungafani nezinye binders ngesikhathi solidification ukwenyuka ivolumu (kufika ku ngephesenti elilodwa). Ngenxa yalesi hydration hemihydrate izinto kumele kube amanzi kabanzi mayelana kane kunalokho kufanele ibe theory. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela amanzi kudingeka cishe 18.6% ngesisindo sezinti impahla. Ekusebenteni, amanzi athathwe ukuthola isixazululo density ejwayelekile baze babe amaphesenti angu ayisikhombisa. Ukuze sithole funa amanzi impahla inquma umthamo wamanzi angu ngesisindo sezinti kwento okufanele wanezela ukuthola isixazululo density evamile (pellet ubukhulu 180 + 5 mm).

Omunye umehluko itholakala umkhuba ukuthi uma kususwa amanzi angadingeki ngesikhathi inqubo yokoma kwamanzi e ezimbotsheni impahla akhiwa. Ngenxa yalokho, Gypsum uphelelwa amandla awo. Ukuphungula leli phuzu omiswe olwengeziwe. imikhiqizo ukhonkolo omile ezingeni lokushisa esingeqile degrees ayisikhombisa. Uma okunye ukwandisa izinga lokushisa ukuqala ukusabela zokuntula amanzi emzimbeni ejenti.

Umthelela lokushisa ku ketshezi etholwe

Ukuze kunenze nisondelane Gypsum usimende is phansi okushisa aphakeme. Kuye ukubaluleka kwaleli zinga lokushisa, indaba Gypsum kungaba ezimbili zama:

• Nizkoobzhigovye loyo izinto zokukhiqiza eluhlaza icutshungulwe ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa kusuka eziyikhulu namashumi amabili kuya eziyikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili degrees. I impahla eluhlaza kuleli cala ngokuvamile kuba olukhonkiwe paris. Umehluko esemqoka yalolu impahla yiyona ngesivinini solidification.

• Vysokoobzhigovye (anhydrite) okuyinto akhiwa ngenxa lokushisa eliphezulu (ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili degrees). Uqinisa okokusebenza eside. Ngokuqonda futhi badinga isikhathi esengeziwe.

Ngayinye yalezi amaqembu, esikhundleni salokho, has eziningi izinto ezahlukene azifaka kuwo.

izinhlobo Nizkoobzhigovyh ukunitha

Gypsum isibopho kulesi sigaba zifaka izinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukwakha usimende. Ukuze okwenza kwadingeka ukuba ukhethe izinto zokusetshenziswa kwesokudla. Ukukhiqizwa Gypsum umsebenzi wokwakha kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa njengoba impahla eluhlaza lesihlanu grade isibopho nangaphezulu okuyinto okuseleyo ku ngesihlungo akuyona amaphesenti angaphezu kwayishumi nambili. Ukuze womshini imikhiqizo wokwakha isibopho efanelekayo, ebhekisela sha ezisukela enkulungwaneni yesibili kuze kube ngolwesikhombisa, kungakhathaliseki isikhathi setting kanye nezinga comminution. izinto zokuhlobisa esakhiwe ngezinto zohlobo olulodwa. Ngaphandle izinto ukudla futhi kancane setha. Gypsum plasters zenziwa kusukela izinto 2-25 amamaki ngaphandle isibopho nge ukugaya indawo futhi esheshayo-setting.

• Gypsum High kungenziwa libhekene omunye amamaki eziningana (nge indices 200 500). Amandla le nto imayelana 15-25 MPA, okuyinto kakhulu kunaleyo yezinye izinhlobo.

• Ukulolonga usimende kakhulu amanzi ukusetshenziswa futhi ihlala isikhathi eside eliphezulu esimweni belashwa. Etholwe therefrom imikhiqizo usimende: isikhunta ngobumba, izakhi whiteware nokunye.

izinto anhydrite

Lolu hlobo is yena, yakha izinto ezimbili:

• usimende anhydrite, atholakala e kucutshungulwa okushisa afinyelela ku-degree namakhulu ayisikhombisa,

• Oestrich-Gypsum esakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya calcium sulfate eshisa ngaphezu kuka-degree 900.

anhydrite Gypsum Ukwakheka yakhiwa ezimbili kuya amaphesenti amahlanu lime ingxube vitriol sulphate (ithusi noma sensimbi), cishe amaphesenti angu-munye, ka ezintathu eziyisishiyagalombili amaphesenti dolomite, kusukela eziyishumi kuya amaphesenti ayishumi nanhlanu we slag kuqhuma esithandweni.

usimende Anhydrite libhekene bamba kancane (kusuka imizuzu engamashumi amathathu kuya olulodwa). Kuye amandla ihlukaniswe yaba emabangeni alandelayo: i-M50, M100, M 150, M200. Usimende yohlobo evame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni. It isetshenziswa:

• yokukhiqiza ingcina, usimende, noma wokwakha nosimende;

• ukukhiqizwa aphathekako;

• ukukhiqizwa izakhi zokuhlobisa;

• ukukhiqizwa ezishisayo ekuvikeleni izinto.

Oestrich-Gypsum has izici ezilandelayo:

1. bamba Slow.
2. Amandla megapascals amabili.
3. teploprvodnostyu okuphansi.
4. Good umsindo ukwahlukanisa.
5. Amelana umswakama.
6. Ukumelana Frost.
7. Iziqu elincane ukusonteka.

Lona main, kodwa anisoze zonke izinzuzo possessed Oestrich-Gypsum. isicelo sayo sisekelwe ngalezi zinkomba. It isetshenziswa usimende izindonga, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma zemabula yokufakelwa ekwakhiweni phansi KaMose, nokunye.

Ukuhlukaniswa isibopho phezu izinhlobo

I izakhiwo Gypsum binders uvumele utihlukanise tibe eziningana ezahlukene. Ngenxa yale njongo, ngeengaba eziningana.

Iqembu elandelayo is zihlukaniswa ukubeka isikhathi:

• Iqembu "A". Siqukethe binders, okuyinto ngokushesha uye wayiqonda. Kuthatha imizuzu engu-amabili nanhlanu.

• "B" iqembu. Ekuqiniseni izinto, leli qembu waziqonda ngesikhathi imizuzu eyisithupha ukuze amathathu. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-ngokuvamile ubamba izinto.

• Iqembu "B", ehlanganisa binders kancane ukubeka. On the kulungiselelwa kumele kube sekudlule imizuzu engaphezu kwengu amabili. I mkhawulo akuyona zilandele izilinganiso ezithile.

Fineness kunqunywa esisele izinhlayiya ngesihlungo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ku ngesihlungo nge usayizi anezikhala of 0.2 mm zihlale binders Gypsum. Standard icacisa amaqembu ezilandelayo:

• Maholoholo ukugaya, noma iqembu lokuqala ubonisa ukuthi ngesihlungo, isekhona kuze kube amaphesenti amabili nantathu material.

• phansi okulingene (iqembu lesibili), uma ngesihlungo akuyona amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-nane isibopho.

• ukugaya Fine (iqembu lesithathu) lisikisela ukuthi esele ketshezi esikrinini ingeqi amaphesenti amabili.

Indaba lwavivinywa amandla flexural futhi kokucindezelwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isixazululo usimende Wabhalwa imigoqo 40 x 40 x 160 amamilimitha angu. amahora amabili ngemuva ukukhiqiza, lapho izinqubo crystallization futhi hydration kuyaqedwa, siqale isivivinyo. Gypsum binders (GOST 125-79) amandla zihlukaniswe amamaki nambili. Sinenkosi izinkomba ezimbili kuya amabili nanhlanu. Inani amandla eqine, kuye amamaki ezikhethekile ziqoqwa ethebuleni. It kuyabonakala ngisho izivakashi.

nemingcele eziyisisekelo futhi izinhlobo impahla zingatholakala ku ilebula yayo. Kubonakala sengathi lokhu: G-6 kuya ku-A-11. Lo mlayezo siyobonisa lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• T- Gypsum isibopho.
• 6 - isitembu impahla (okusho ukuthi amandla kuyinto megapascals engaphezu kweyisithupha).
• A - inquma uhlobo ukubeka isikhathi (sokwelapha ie okusheshayo).
• 11 - kubonisa degree of ukugaya (kulesi simo phakathi).

Ububanzi Gypsum izinto

Ubuchwepheshe Gypsum binders okuvumela ukuthola izinto ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ku emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. I kabanzi kunazo Gypsum isakhiwo. Izinga lokusebenza yayo ingafaniswa ukusetshenziswa usimende. Gypsum isibopho kunezinzuzo eziningana phezu usimende efanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, okwenza kuthatha fuel kancane nge ocishe uphindwe kane. Kuyinto yokuhlanzeka, ukumelana nomlilo, has a porosity ku ezahlukene amathathu ukuba ayisithupha amaphesenti, ukuminyana ongaphakeme (kufika ku neshumi nanhlanu amakhilogremu ngalinye imitha cubic). Lezi zimo zokuma futhi kwaholela endaweni yesicelo material.

Abaluphahleka Gypsum kabanzi. isicelo sayo akuxhomekile amamaki impahla. Sebenzisa isibopho obuhle naphakathi phansi izinhlayiya, evamile futhi aphuza ukuliqonda. Gypsum sengezwe olukhonkiwe lime nesihlabathi. Lokhu kwenza kube ngcono amandla yesixazululo emva omiswe. A ungqimba of usimende phezu iba bushelelezi futhi ukukhanya, efanelekayo yokuqedela olwengeziwe.

Khonka izidakamizwa eziphathelene emamaki kusuka ku-G-2 ku-G-7, esetshenziselwa yokukhiqiza ukwahlukanisa panel, amashidi, okuthiwa plasterboard kanye neminye imikhiqizo Gypsum ukhonkolo. Basuke ukungezwa ikhambi ukukhiqiza ukwakhiwa for in-house umsebenzi.

Ceramics, zobumba kanye faience imikhiqizo kanye izingxenye ezenziwe nge ukwengeza Gypsum isibopho ezihlobene brand kusuka ku-G-5 ku-G-25. Isibopho kufanele oluthathwa njengoba evamile ukulungiswa ngezinto emihle.

Gypsum isibopho esetshenziswa ukulungiselela isixazululo, esetshenziselwa kokuvala of emafasiteleni, eminyango, ngodonga. Ngenxa yale njongo, efanelekayo ebangeni impahla aphansi.

Njengoba singabona, Gypsum isibopho izici uvumele ukusebenzisa impahla ngekwetinhloso letehlukene kanye ezindaweni ezahlukene. Kuyinto okuhlala, abandayo nemithi, yokuhlanzeka, eco-friendly, izinto ukumelana nomlilo. izinga layo izici zinqunywa yilungu leqembu elithile materials nsuku ethile.