Urea-formaldehyde inhlaka: ukukhiqizwa, properties kanye isicelo

Ama-resine e-urea-formaldehyde asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni, ekufakweni kwezinkuni nakwamanye amagatsha omnotho kazwelonke. Indlela yezomboni yokuyikhiqiza kuqala iqalile e-US ngo-1927. Ngokusho ukumelana kwamanzi namandla we-polyester nezinsiza ze-epoxy, ama-resine anjalo aphansi kakhulu. Kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwabo kuyabiza kakhulu.

Indlela yokukhiqiza

I-KPS resin itholakala, njengoba isingakwazi ukwahlulelwa ngegama, ngokuthi i-polycondensation ye-formaldehyde ne-urea. Bamele ukumiswa okungenakuvutha kwamanzi, i-degree ye viscosity nombala kungahluka kuye ngokuthi umkhiqizo. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-resine urea-formaldehyde ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezixhobo ezikhethekile ezihlonywe ijazi kanye nedivayisi evuselelayo. Ngokuphelele, inqubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo enjalo ihlanganisa izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• I-Polycondensation;

• Ukunciphisa i-Acid;

• Ukumisa.

I-polycondensation ye-resin yenziwa nge-alkaline medium nge-pH yesisombululo sokuphendula esingu-7.5-8. Phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, isilinganiso se-molar se-carbamide kuya ku-formaldehyde singu-1: 1.6-1.9.

Ukunciphisa i-Acid kwenziwa nge medium nge pH = 4.5-4.8. Kulesi sigaba, ngokuphathelene nokwanda komzimba wamangqamuzana, i-viscosity yesisombululo iqala ukwanda ngamandla. еще одну порцию карбамида. Ekupheleni kwesenzo sokunciphisa i-asidi, enye ingxenye ye-carbamide ingezwa ku-resin . Isilinganiso esidingekayo salesi sici sibalwa ngendlela yokuthi isilinganiso se-molar sezingxenye kwisisombululo esiphelile singu-1: 1.3-1.4. Esikhathini sokumisa, i-resin ishintshwe kumagugu ayifunayo we-viscosity evamile. продукт охлаждают и модифицируют с целью снижения его токсичности. Esigabeni sokugcina, umkhiqizo usuhlile futhi uguquliwe ukuze unciphise ubuthi bawo.

Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa

Sebenzisa i-urea formaldehyde resin (ifomu N = CH2 C = O ne-NH2 HOCH2NH C = O NH2) ingakhiqizwa yi:

• I-Fiberboard ne-chipboard;

• I-plywood;

• Ukugcwalisa, ama-varnishes namabala;

• Iphepha nekhadibhodi eveza umswakama (ukungeniswa);

• Foam.

карбамидоформальдегидная (КФ-МХ2) в бурении . Ngokuvamile futhi i-resin i- carbamide-formaldehyde (CF-MX2) ekugayeni . Kulesi simo, lisetshenziselwa ukusekelwa kwamanzi emithonjeni yamafutha. Lezi zinsuku, zinezingxube ze-viscous ezikwazi ukuqina ngokushesha emoyeni. Izixazululo zokuqhafaza zisetshenziselwa ukufaka izintambo ze-casing nokuzivikela ekubhubhiseni.

Glue ngokusekelwe CFS

Emabhizinisini embonini yezinkuni ngendlela ehlanzekile, i-CFS ayivame ukusetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile kaningi kusebenza njengento eyinhloko eqenjini lika-carbamide-formaldehyde resin elisetshenziswa ebhizinisini lombazi. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamathuluzi anjalo, ezikhiqizwa ngesisekelo se-CFS, zikhona ezinhlanu:

• I-KF-B - i-glue yokubeka ngokushesha;

• I-КФ-О - inhloso ejwayelekile (okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde akuyona ephakeme kune-0.25%);

• I-КФ-МТ - enobuhlungu obuphansi, esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-fiberboard ne-chipboard;

• I-KF-F - ngokukhula okukhulu;

• KF-BZH - ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo zama brand KF-B no-KF-G.

Ama-stick-hardening adhesives KF-B emabhizinisini embonini yezinkuni asetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kweplywood kanye nokwakhiwa kwebhodi yefenisha emishini yokucindezela eyodwa. Imikhiqizo encane-oxide KF-O isetshenziselwa, ingxenye enkulu, kuphela ngephepha le-gluing. Futhi, lelo glue lingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-plywood. I-particleboard kanye ne-fiberboard kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo azikwenziwa. Ukuze kwenziwe amapuleti asekelwe ku-chips noma i-fiber, umkhiqizo we-brand KF-MT isetshenziswa.

I-Glue ngokuqhubekayo kusebenza kahle ukuxhuma zonke izinhlobo zefenisha. Ukwakhiwa, kwezinye izimo, kungasetshenziswa ukuqinisa inhlabathi ebuthakathaka. Ama-adhesive Universal KF-BZH avame ukusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kweplywood kanye nefenisha. Zingasetshenziswa futhi ekukhiqizeni izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo yokujoyina. Kuye ngohlobo lwe-hardener, wonke ama-adhesives asekelwe ku-CFS angasetshenziswa kokubili okushisa nokubandayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi ekwakhiweni, ekusebenzeni kwezinkuni, njll, kusetshenziselwa izinhlobonhlobo ezikhethekile zokufakelwa izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene.

Izakhiwo ze-KF-MT Resin

Izici zobuchwepheshe ze-urea-formaldehyde resins, kuye ngokuthi insimu yesicelo, ingahluka. Kusukela etafuleni elingezansi, ungathola ulwazi mayelana nezakhiwo ze-resin ethandwa kakhulu i-KF-MT esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-fiberboard ne-chipboard.

Kusukela kwezinye izinhlobo zama-KF-resins, i-KF-MT ihluke ngokuyinhloko ku-viscosity encishisiwe enezinsalela eziphakeme kakhulu ezinomile. Izimpawu ezinjalo zivumela ukuthi zifakwe ku-mixers ezingcolisa umoya. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini enjalo kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa umswakama wezinhlayiya zezinkuni eziphathwe nge-resin futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokucindezela samapuleti.

Ukufaka ama-resins (GFP)

Lolu hlobo lwe-CFS lisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwekhadibhodi ne-iphepha elimelana nomswakama. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyasetshenziselwa ukufaka imifanekiso yamafilimu okuhlobisa, i-chipboard plywood kanye ne-fiberboard. Izici zalo mkhiqizo ziboniswa etafuleni elingezansi.

Izici ze-resin esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo

Kule njongo, umkhiqizo webanga K-421-02 uvame ukusetshenziselwa. Kuyinto ecacile ye-melamine-melamine-formaldehyde resin futhi inezindawo ezilandelayo:

Izakhiwo ze-KF-MX2

Ama-resine e-Urea-formaldehyde asetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwemifucumfucu kufanele ahambisane ngokugcwele ne-GOST.

I-urea-formaldehyde foam: ububanzi bokusetshenziswa

Lo mkhiqizo usetshenziswa ikakhulu ekwakhiweni njengokwesekwa kokushisa okushisayo. Ingasetshenziselwa ukugxila emakhazeni:

• Amadonga;

• Isikhala ngaphansi komhlaba;

• Ukufakwa kwe-Interfloor nokufakwa.

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-polystyrene ejwayelekile yokwanda, i-FPP foam inenzuzo eyodwa ebalulekile. Lezi zinto zitholakala ngokuphelele. Ama-resine e-Urea-formaldehyde Iba yiqembu lezinto ezithintekayo. Okungukuthi, ukusabela okuguqukayo kuzo akunakwenzeka ngencazelo. Ngakho-ke, i-CFS-foam ngesikhathi somlilo ingenzi incibiliko. Into kuphela - ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa okuphezulu, lilahlekelwa kancane kancane, linikeze i-nitrogen ne-carbon dioxide engeyona eyingozi empilweni yabantu. Ukuphila kwensizakalo yalolu hlobo lwe-foam kufana nalokhu kwe-polystyrene engadluli - eminyakeni engaba ngu-80. Lezi zinto zingasetshenziswa kokubili ngesimo sama-slabs nasesimweni segazi. Esikhathini esilandelayo, inqwaba isetshenziselwa emithonjeni yezinhlobonhlobo zezakhi zokwakha.

Indlela yokwenza i-polystyrene foam

Ngokokuqala ngqá le nto yokuthakazelisa yabonakala ngasekupheleni kuka-30 eJalimane. EYurophu, lapho kwakhiwe izakhiwo nezakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa kakhulu. Ezingamaphesenti angu-30 amacala anezinhlobo ezahlukene zezakhiwo ezifakiwe lokhu kusetshenziswa. Muva nje, inqwaba ye-CFS ethandwa kakhulu iye yaba eRussia.

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza leli heater lilula. Kuthengiswa ngisho noma kukhona imishini ekhethekile, engabizi, okuyinto, ngokuyisisekelo, noma ubani ongayithenga. Amasethingi anjalo asebenza kanje:

• Kwesinye samathangi kuthululwa isisombululo samanzi se- orthophosphoric acid kanye ne-agent epholile;

• Empeleni, i-urea-formaldehyde resin ngokwayo ifakwe kwesinye isitsha;

• Amakhupha avuleka emgqonyeni.

Ipompo enamandla isetshenziselwa ukuxuba izingxenye ezibonakalayo. I-carbamide-formaldehyde resin kanye nomsakazo we-foam zihlukaniswa zibe yi-mixer ekhethekile. Isisindo esitholakale kule sitsha sithelwa emgodini wezakhiwo zokwakha ngokusebenzisa i-hose nebhozi.

Izakhiwo ze-resin esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-polystyrene eyandisiwe

Ngenxa yalokhu, umkhiqizo we-brand KFZH-PV uvame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni. Le resin eneketshezi imhlophe noma imbala emnyama embala, izici zobuchwepheshe okufanele zihlangabezane ngqo nezimfuneko ze-GOST.

Indlela yokubiza ama-KF-resins

Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-urea-formaldehyde resin, ebanzi kakhulu embonini nasemkhakheni wokwakhiwa, itholile. Lo mkhiqizo umakwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo ze-GOST-14192. Kulebuli ye-container ne-CFS noma kule ncwajana yokulethwa kufanele kube:

• Igama lomkhiqizi onegama layo lokuthengisa;

• Isisindo sangempela;

• Umkhiqizo we-resin;

• Usuku lokukhiqiza;

• Inombolo yeqembu;

• Ukuqokwa kwezinga ngokwalo.

Indlela i-resin okufanele ifakwe ngayo

Izinkampani ezinkulu zokwakha izinkuni nezinkampani zithenga lo mkhiqizo ngokuvamile ngobuningi kakhulu. Kulokhu, i-resin urea-formaldehyde i-KF ihanjiswa endaweni lapho kuhamba khona izimoto zamatekisi. Izinkampani zomkhiqizo zichithelwa kancane zibe izigubhu zensimbi. Lezi zinsuku ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ngokusho kwe-GOST-13950, kumele zihlanzwe kahle. Amazinga avumela ukuguqulwa kwe-resin, kufaka phakathi namadubhu amaningi okuphenduka ngamaphuzu amancane angaphandle.

Izindlela zokuhlola

Ama-resin e-carbamide-formaldehyde asetshenziselwa amafektri ngama-batches (anezici ezifanayo nobukhulu obungamathani angaphezu kuka-200). Ukuhlola ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa. Esigabeni sokuqala baveza:

• Ukuhlungwa kwamasampula amaphuzu nge-tube yensimbi;

• Ukuxhumeka kwazo zonke amasampula ngokufakwa emgodini weglasi;

• kophawu nge usuku ukuqokwa futhi nesayithi libe izibonelo zalokho.

Empeleni ukuhlolwa siqu ingase ihlanganise kuhlolwe ngamehlo, kanye nokuzimisela endaweni yokucwaninga:

• isisindo ezisalayo owomileyo ube yiziphethu isampula ngalinye;

• the ingxenyenamba mass we-formaldehyde khulula;

• emakamu hydrogen ion;

• isikhathi gel;

• miscibility ngamanzi;

• amandla eqine.

Indlela ukuthutha kanye nokugcina

Uthuthwa urea resin (Class ingozi efana - II) kungathi zonke izindlela zokuthutha. Emazingeni emoyeni ngezansi 0 ° ^C ovunyelwe ukusebenzisa ukushisa noma iziqukathi kuphela ezinengilazi nangokuvikela. Kulo mBhalo, Ukushisa kwenziwa ngokunika amanzi ashisayo jacket ethangini. CFS lokushisa emva le nqubo kumele singeqi 25 ^C. Ukuze ukukhiqiza umusi Ukushisa umkhiqizo sinqatshelwe.

Ehlobo, lapho emoyeni kusukela t 25 ^C, resin zithutha bengayi isikhathi eside kunaleso izinsuku 10. Ukugcina umkhiqizo at okushisa ngezansi 5 ^{° C} hhayi ephakeme ^kuka-20 ° C ngo-esitsheni evaliwe. Akuvunyelwe ukugcina imiphongolo noma amathange ne resin elangeni eliza ngqo. Futhi GOST liyala ukugcina iziqukathi mkhiqizo ngaphansi isisitho selanga endlini, singavumeli ukuchayeka kwezulu.

Urea resin: abakhiqizi nezinhlobo

Kuze kube manje, yathela ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane. 500 Amathani CFS ngonyaka eRussia. I izinkampani zasekhaya ngobukhulu abathintekayo ekukhishweni lo mkhiqizo yilezi:

• "Ugra lespromholding";

• "Shatura";

• Cherepovets futhi iVolga esifundeni plywood ifenisha izimboni;

It is uyabandakanyeka ezweni lethu womshini imikhiqizo efana urea-formaldehyde resin, abakhiqizi we Russian-Finnish. It ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa lokhu okuqukethwe, isibonelo, JSC "Metadynea" futhi ilungu ukukhathazeka European Swiss Krono Group Inkampani "Kronostar East." Ngaphezu kwalokho, CFS ingenye izinhlobo imikhiqizo oluqanjwe ukuthandwa chemical umkhakha ngokuthi "Akron" futhi "Metafaks".