Glycerin - Iyini? Izakhiwo nokusetshenziswa we ketshezi. Indlela yokwenza glycerin?

Glycerin - ugologo trivalent. It is lisetshenziswe imithi, umkhakha ukudla, izimonyo ngisho ngokwenza dynamite. Yini property glycerol? Ngingathola ekhaya?

Kuyini glycerin?

Glycerin kuyinto nemiyo eziphilayo kuyinto utshwala trihydric. Igama layo lesi-chemical libukeka C ₃ H ₈ O ₃ noma Hoch ₂ -CH (OH) -CH ₂ OH. Okwakushiwo glycerol ngokuqondile ahlobene ezakhiweni zalo. Igama livela egameni lesiGreki "glycosylation" noma 'emtoti', ngenxa bumnandi into.

Glycerin - uketshezi esicacile, kunalokho viscous futhi ngokuphelele ayinaphunga. Akukhona ezinobuthi futhi akuyona ezinesihlungu, ngakho abalona ingozi ukuthintana ngqo lapho sihlala esikhunjeni. Ngo imvelo glycerol ingxenye amafutha ezilwane futhi itholakala amafutha kakhulu zemifino. Ingxenye encane kuba negazi lezilwane.

glycerin Okokuqala latholakala 1783, lapho umthaki wemithi Carl Scheele wasebenza saponification kwamafutha ngosizo oxide phambili. Phakathi amalahle oxide ngamafutha omnqumo waqala ukwakha isixazululo insipho. Ngemva ukuhwamuka yayo kwakhiwa okunamathelayo usulubha omnandi wezithelo.

izakhiwo

Ingqikithi has a hygroscopic okusezingeni eliphezulu, okungukuthi ikhono lokwamukela umswakama kanye baligcine. ukubila yayo Iphuzu liwukuthi 290 degrees Celsius. Ngezinye Reflux, glycerin kancane ubola. At lokushisa 362 degrees angesabi kungase okhela. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, ketshezi akanazakhiwo oluyingozi kodwa iyasha lapho sishiswa ngakho. Amandla omlilo ephelezelwa ukukhululwa yamanzi ne-carbon dioxide.

Glycerin akuyona oncibilikayo amafutha, hydrocarbon futhi Arenas, kodwa kahle oncibilikayo emanzini futhi alcohols. Lapho ukungezwa amanzi kwenzeka uyisifushaniso noma ukunciphisa ivolumu yesixazululo, futhi kuvuleka lokushisa. Ngo ingxube ezinjalo, kwezinga-qhwa yamanzi lehliselwa.

Nge amaminerali kanye acid carboxylic lwakha esters glycerol. Enkabeni yalo, lokhu amafutha abahilelekile lokugayeka kokudla kanye imisebenzi ebalulekile yemvelo emzimbeni kwezilwane. Ezinye zazo yilezi, isibonelo, phospholipids.

Ester futhi glyceryl trinitrate. Ingqikithi kwakhiwa kusukela inhlanganisela glycerol nge oxide acid. Lo luketshezi oily ezinobuthi futhi kuqhume kakhulu, sensitive manipulation kancane.

Glycerol nethusi hydroxide ukwakha amnyama isixazululo blue ne nokonakala ephelele kwenze, okubonisa ukuthi izakhiwo esidi utshwala. Glycerin uyakwazi Ukuqedwa alcohols elimnandi, alikhali, ushukela, usawoti namanye organic compounds kanye wezinto ezingaphili.

Izindlela ukulungiswa

Eyokuqala emlandweni inqubo ngokukhiqiza glycerol - a omylivanie. Wabonakala ekuqaleni ketshezi wemithi Scheele. Waba yini umphumela walesi nqubo ikhambi insipho ne glycerol. Ngemva kwalokho, abazali kufanele bahlukana, okuyinto kwenziwa usebenzisa i-sodium chloride. Khona-ke glycerol kuyadingeka ukuze ukushwaqa futhi ahlanzwa ngu ziphuzo zazihluzwa noma i-carbon isebenze.

Enye indlela kuhilela wanezela amanzi uwoyela. At ingcindezi ethile, sebefudumele futhi wabashukumisa amahora ayishumi, futhi ke selehlile. Emva lwaluyophola izidakamizwa ihlukaniswe ngokucacile zibe ugqinsi eziningana phansi - glycerine ngamanzi elingenhla - acid.

Ingqikithi nayo etholwe hydrolysis carbohydrate, ezifana isitashi, umoba. Kodwa-ke kwakhiwa akuyona uketshezi elicwengekileyo, ingxube nge glycols ahlukahlukene.

Zonke yalezi zindlela usize ukuze uthole okuthiwa ukudla glycerin. Kuyinto ingozi kubantu futhi wanezela ukulungiswa ukudla okuthile. Ngokungafani nalo, futhi kukhona glycerine lobuchwepheshe. Le nto ayizange eyatholakala kusukela yemifino kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa isilwane, futhi propylene - igesi ezivuthayo ne umphumela onamandla kwezidakamizwa.

isicelo

Futhi ukudla, futhi glycerin lobuchwepheshe kabanzi ezimpilweni zethu. Livame ukusetshenziswa womshini zokwenziwa inhlaka. Nitroglycerin isetshenziswa ukwenziwa dynamite nezinye iziqhumane. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu unesimo esifana mkhulu izidakamizwa, dilates imithambo yegazi.

Ngo umkhakha, isetshenziselwa iphepha ukukhiqiza, yokuwasha. Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kanye umsakazo ngesikhathi nokunamathisela ngomthofu siwulimi yokucucuza. Glycerin isetshenziswa womshini zepulasitiki, ukwakhiwa upende varnishes.

Ngo umkhakha ukudla, it is bhalisiwe njengoba okufakiwe E422. Lokhu emulsifier, okuyilona elidingekayo ukwandisa viscosity, futhi ngokudala imisindvo ahlukahlukene. Ingqikithi eyilungu amalungiselelo eziningi zokwelapha ezisetshenziswayo ukuze cartridges ugwayi electronic, womshini amakhandlela. Ngo biology glycerol kwakudingeka lokulondolozwa kwezicubu, izitho, eziphilayo kanye amalungiselelo yokwakheka.

Glycerine izimonyo

Ngenxa glycerin kugcina umswakama, ke ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo yezimonyo ukuze isikhumba nezinwele ukunakekelwa. Sitholakala insipho, e okhilimu okunomsoco amafutha.

Ingqikithi lingena singene epidermis, ku amaseli amanzi ubambe. Ngakho-ke, akukuniki isikhumba omile kakhulu futhi ezingaphili. Kodwa-ke nebubi. Iqiniso lokuthi emkhathini nge air owomile kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-65% umswakama), glycerine iqala ukuncela umswakama kusukela isikhumba, eminye nkinga ke.

Ngokuvamile cosmetologists musa batusa ukuyisebenzisa ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezabelo ezibalulekile. Ukuba khona nengcosana glycerol ukhilimu ngcono kuphela izakhiwo kwesikhumba. Ngokuhlangene neminye imikhiqizo isetshenziswa ekhaya zokupheka buso kanye lotions. Ngokwesibonelo, lihambisana orange futhi amanzi okuhlanza futhi toning, izinwele asetshenziswe kanye amaqanda, uju, amafutha ocolisekileyo nezinye izithako.

Indlela yokwenza glycerin?

Ngidinga ukuthenga glycerin. It kungenziwa kuphekwe ekhaya. Lokhu kudinga amafutha ezilwane (1.9 kg), alikhali (342 mg), amanzi (995 mg) nosawoti. Fat kungenziwa othathwe inyama yanoma isiphi isilwane, asuse zonke emithanjeni yegazi. Bese senza kanje:

• liyancibilika namanoni phezu emlilweni ophansi;
• ukuyishiya ukuze kuphole degrees 35;
• esitsheni ehlukile ukulungiselela alikhali, bethulula kube amanzi;
• lokushisa alikhali Kufanele ukufinyelela degrees 35, bese-ke ngomusa uthele ngokucophelela singene pan ngamafutha;
• ngokushesha ugovuze izithako vsyp usawoti;
• ukuqhubeka "usawoti" ugovuze kuze kube uqweqwe uqala wahlukanise uketshezi esicacile futhi isixazululo esinamafu ezansi phezulu;
• ukubamba yonke ungqimba phezulu - lokhu insipho, ungqimba ephansi - glycerol;
• thina ukuhlunga glycerol ngokusebenzisa ngesihlungo noma gauze ukususa izinhlayiya ezincane insipho.

Ukuze bahlanganyele ukulungiswa glycerol wedwa kufanele niqaphele kakhulu. Dilution ngamanzi le alikhali ukufuthelana ngenhla 90 degrees. Kumele sisebenze amagilavu, izibuko (umusi) futhi alulaze alikhali esitsheni akhethekile.