Main ithuluzi izinto: izinhlobo, izinhlobo, izakhiwo, izici, yokukhiqiza izinto

Izidingo Eziyisisekelo for ithuluzi izinto -. Ukutholakala ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokuhuzuka, ukufudumeza kanye nabanye Ukuhambisana nalezi zindlela kwenza ahlabayo. Ukuze afeze ukwethulwa izingqimba kobuso umkhiqizo aphathwe blade ukusika izingxenye ukusebenza kufanele eyenziwe Alloys eqinile. Ukuqina kungaba zemvelo noma atholwe.

Ngokwesibonelo, ithuluzi lensimbi prefabricated usike kalula. Ngemva impatho esebenza ngemishini futhi ezishisayo kanye ukugaya nokuhlanganisa honing, lizinga ubulukhuni namandla iyakhula.

kuyinto ubulukhuni kanjani?

Isici kungachazwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ithuluzi lezinsimbi ube nobulukhuni Rockwell ubulukhuni has a ukuqokwa zezinombolo kanye HR ngezinhlamvu ne esikalini A, B noma C, (isib HRC). Ukukhethwa elinama ithuluzi lincike ohlotsheni metal asesetshenzwa.

Izinga esitebeleni kunazo wokusebenza futhi bafake eliphansi ikhaba ladabula ekwelapheni ukushisa bungatholakala for okungekho HRC 63 noma 64. Ngezinye ephansi Inkomba izakhiwo ithuluzi impahla akunjalo okusezingeni eliphezulu, kanye ubulukhuni okusezingeni eliphezulu, baqala sidilike ngenxa brittleness.

Izinsimbi kokuba nobulukhuni HRC 30-35, baphathwa kahle ithuluzi lensimbi, ukushisa kabi ngezinga elithile HRC 63-64. Ngakho, i-ratio ubulukhuni izinkomba 1: 2.

Ukuze uthole izinsimbi uswidi nge HRC 45-55 kufanele amathuluzi zisekelwe izinsimbi kanzima isicelo. Kuyinto inkomba HRA zabo 87-93. Izinto esekelwe zokwenziwa izinto ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni lesi lezinsimbi ngaphansi ukuqina.

Ukuvikeleka ithuluzi izinto

Ngo inqubo ukusika kwetisebenti yomthelela B10 kN nangaphezulu. It kuphakamisa voltage okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto kuhambisana ukubhujiswa insimbi. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, zokwakha ahlabayo kufanele abe Coefficient okusezingeni eliphezulu ukumelana naye.

Inhlanganisela best of amandla kukhona ithuluzi lensimbi. ingxenye Ukusebenza eyenziwe ukumelana yabo enhle kakhulu komthwalo osindayo futhi usebenze e kokucindezelwa, torsion, eguqa futhi ngilulekela.

Umthelela ezibucayi Ukushisa lokushisa ku ikhaba ithuluzi

Lapho kufika ukushisa sasikhipha ngesikhathi ahlabayo of izinsimbi wadalula Ukushisa yabo ukudla kwenkemba, ngokwezinga elikhulu - ebusweni. Lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi ezibucayi Inkomba uphawu (izinto ngayinye ayo) isakhiwo kanye ubulukhuni akashintshi. Uma izinga lokushisa Ukushisa iba ephakeme kunaleyo izinga ovumelekile, ezingeni ubulukhuni uwela. lokushisa ezibucayi ngokuthi nobulukhuni abomvu.

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "ubulukhuni abomvu"?

It ngokuthi obomvu ubulukhuni impahla kwensimbi lapho ukufuthelana lokushisa 600 ° C ziyavutha obomvu amnyama. Igama elithi kusho kulondolozwe ubulukhuni metal nokuzabalazela ukugqoka. Enkabeni yalo ikhono lokubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphakeme. Ukuze ngezinto ezahlukene, kukhona umkhawulo kusuka 220 kuya 1800 ° C.

Ngenxa lokho kungenziwa ngcono ukusebenza kwamathuluzi ukusika?

Ithuluzi izinto ithuluzi ahlabayo libhekene ukusebenza okusezingeni eliphezulu at ephakeme ukumelana lokushisa kanye ngcono qeda ukushisa ekhiqizwa kuleli blade ngesikhathi ukusika. Ukushisa kuyasiza ukwandisa izinga lokushisa.

Ukushisa okwengeziwe ngaphandle ikhaba ujule kudivayisi, ephansi izinga lokushisa phezu contact yayo ebusweni. ezishisayo conductivity ezingeni incike Ukwakheka bafudumale.

Ngokwesibonelo, e-steel izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi tungsten futhi vanadium kubangela nokuncipha conductivity yayo ezishisayo, futhi ukungcola kwazo zonke izinhlobo titanium, ayibe, molybdenum futhi eyenza avuke.

Kusukela lapho Coefficient ngokuhambisa ngomshikisho kuncike?

Inkomba ngomshikisho Coefficient ka ngokuhambisa luncike ukwakheka kanye izakhiwo ngokomzimba ngababili ixhumana materials, kanye ukubaluleka voltage Laphezu othola ngomshikisho ngokuhambisa. Factor kuthinta ukumelana bafake material.

Ithuluzi Ukuxhumana nale mpahla baphathwa Kwenziwa uhlale ugingqe contact.

Ukuthi baziphathe kanjani endabeni ithuluzi izinto? Izinhlobo ukugqoka ngokulinganayo.

Basuke izimpawu:

• ikhono ukusula metal ngalo ukuxhumana;
• ikhono ukubonisa ukumelana ukugqoka, okungukuthi ukuba simelane nemihuzuko nezinye izinto.

bafake Blade kwenzeka njalo. Ngenxa yalokho zale divayisi ilahlekelwa impahla yayo, kanye nokushintsha ukuma kobuso zokusebenza.

ukugqoka ukumelana Inkomba ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi izimo ahlabayo kuthatha ngaphansi kwazo endaweni.

Yimaphi amaqembu zihlukaniswe ithuluzi lensimbi?

The main ithuluzi izinto zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezilandelayo:

• cermet (izinsimbi kanzima);
• cermets, izinto ezenziwe ngobumba noma okumbiwa phansi;
• boron nitride esekelwe zokwenziwa impahla;
• amadayimane zokwenziwa isizinda;
• ithuluzi lensimbi ngesisekelo carbon.

yensimbi Instrumental kungenzeka carbon, elixutshiwe futhi HSS.

Ithuluzi lezinsimbi esekelwe carbon

izinto Carbonaceous zisetshenziselwa ukwakha amathuluzi. Yabo speed cutting uphansi.

Njengoba imakwe ithuluzi lensimbi? Izinto kuboniswe incwadi (isibonelo, "U" kusho i-carbon), kanye nenombolo (izibalo eshumini carbon okuqukethwe amaphesenti). Ukuba khona incwadi "A" ekupheleni wokugubha eyabonisa eliphezulu steel (okuqukethwe izinto ezifana nesibabule ne phosphorus, hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-0.03%).

It ephawula impahla carbonaceous nge Inkomba nobulukhuni HRC 62-65 kanye ongaphakeme lokushisa ukumelana.

Izitembu ithuluzi izinto U9 futhi U10A asetshenziswa womshini izindwani, futhi uchungechunge U11, U12 futhi U11A eyenzelwe isandla ompompi, nabanye. Amathuluzi.

Izinga yokumelana lokushisa lezinsimbi uchungechunge U10A, U13A kuyinto 220 ° C, ngakho insimbi zezinto zokusebenza ezinjalo uyayalwa isebenziseke ukusika ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha 8-10 m / imiz.

elixutshiwe yensimbi

Ithuluzi impahla doped kungenzeka chromium, hromokremnistym, tungsten futhi hromovolframovym, doped nge manganese. Lezi uchungechunge ngokuthandana izinombolo, banabo ongokoqobo wokugubha. Elingokwesinxele kakhulu idijithi yokuqala ibonisa isilinganiso carbon e eshumini uma okuqukethwe isici esingaphansi kuka-1%. Izibalo kwesokudla-wing amele isilinganiso ingxenye doping njengoba amaphesenti.

Brand X ithuluzi material ofanele ukwenziwa ompompi futhi lufe. Steel B1 kusebenza for yokukhiqiza encane obujwayelekile sokuzivivinya, ompompi, futhi reamers.

Izinga yokumelana lokushisa impahla doped kuyinto 350-400 ° C, ngakho-ke, ijubane ahlabayo nohafu uma liqhathaniswa carbon ingxubevange.

Kungani usebenzisa ephezulu ingxubevange lezinsimbi?

Abahlukahlukene okusheshayo ahlabayo ithuluzi izimpahla ezisetshenziselwa womshini sokuprakthiza izingcezu, reamers kanye ompompi. Bona ziphawulwe izinhlamvu nezinombolo. izingxenye ezibalulekile materials tungsten molybdenum, i-chromium futhi vanadium.

High-speed lezinsimbi zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: evamile futhi ezingeni lelisetulu ukusebenza.

Steel ukusebenza evamile

Isigaba yensimbi nge amazinga evamile ukusebenza akunakubangelwa grade P18, ikhasi 9, R9F5 futhi tungsten Alloys doped nge molybdenum R6MZ uchungechunge R6M5 okuyinto uphucwe ubulukhuni hhayi ngaphansana 58 HRC at 620 ° C. Material efanelekayo lezinsimbi obrabatyvaniya ne-carbon futhi ongaphakeme ingxubevange izigaba, grey cast iron futhi Alloys nonferrous.

Steel nge ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe

Lokhu sigaba zingafaka brand R18F2, R14F4, R6M5K5, R9M4K8, R9K5, R9K10, R10K5F5, R18K5F2. Bayakwazi ukugcina Inkomba HRC 64 ezingeni lokushisa 630 kuya 640 ° C. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa amathuluzi izinto superhard. Ludizayinelwe insimbi kanye Alloys okwenziwa nge nobunzima, kanye titanium.

Alloys kanzima

izinto ezinjalo:

• cermet;
• amaminerali sobumba.

Ukuma amapuleti incike izakhiwo Mechanics. amathuluzi anjalo sokuqhuba HSS kuqhathaniswa ne izithombe high speed cutting.

cermet

Solid-metal Alloys yilezi:

• tungsten;
• Tungsten titanium okuqukethwe;
• Tungsten nge ukufakwa titanium futhi tantalum.

VC uchungechunge yakhiwa tungsten futhi titanium. Instruments okusekelwe kulezi zingxenye abe okusezingeni eliphezulu bafake ukumelana, kodwa ezingeni ukumelana umthelela zingabantu ongaphakeme. Eziguquliwe ngesisekelo sawo ukuba isetshenziselwe obrabatyvaniya yensimbi.

Ingxubevange of tungsten, titanium futhi ayibe kusebenza zonke izinhlobo yensimbi.

Synthesis tungsten titanium, tantalum futhi ayibe isetshenziswa ezimweni ezikhethekile lapho ezinye izinto ayizwakali.

Alloys Hard zinezikhathi ukumelana lokushisa. Izinto Tungsten singalondoloza inkomba yayo nge HRC 83-90, futhi Tungsten titanium - HRC 87-92 ezingeni lokushisa kusuka 800 kuya 950 ° C, okuvumela ukusebenza ngesikhathi ahlabayo okusezingeni eliphezulu ngesivinini (500 m / amaminithi 2700 m / imiz at aluminium obrabatyvanii).

Ukuze izingxenye esaba babe ukumelana nokugqwala lokushisa eliphezulu, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi yochungechunge oluthile lwezinto ezenzeke okuncane Alloys OM. Mark VK6-OM kufanelekile ukuqeda ukuphathwa, futhi VK10-VK15-OM futhi OM - kokuphakathi ngokhahlo.

ngekhono elingcono emsebenzini nge izingxenye "kunzima" babe superhard ithuluzi izinto Series BK10-Xom futhi VK15-kwiNhloko yehhovisi. Bona tantalum Carbide, chromium Carbide indawo, abenze okuhlala isikhathi eside ngisho lapho zihlatshwa lokushisa eliphezulu.

Ukwandisa izinga ngamandla plate okuqinile, asesebenzisa lokunameka ngayo ifilimu zokuzivikela. Carbide esebenzayo, titanium nitride, futhi carbonyl, okuyinto sisetshenziswa thinly kakhulu. I ukujiya ivela microns 5 kuya ku-10. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka ungqimba esihle titanium Carbide. Izinga yokumelana namapulethi emithathu phinda ephakeme kunaleyo amapuleti uncoated, okwandisa ijubane ahlabayo ngo-30%.

Kwezinye izimo, izinto cermets okuyinto umphumela kwalokho aluminiyamu oxide ne tungsten titanium, tantalum futhi ayibe.

zobumba amaminerali

Ngamathuluzi esetshenziswa zobumba amaminerali CM-332 ukusika. S ukumelana umuntu azalwa nalo lokuhlaziya lokushisa aphakeme. HRC ubulukhuni Inkomba ezisukela 89 95 at 1200 ° C. Futhi ukugqoka ukumelana impahla has, okuvumela ukucutshungulwa steel, yensimbi cast futhi Alloys ayoni ngesikhathi ahlabayo okusezingeni eliphezulu ngesivinini.

Ukuze wenze amathuluzi ukusika, cermet esetshenziswa njengoba uchungechunge B. Kusekelwe oxide ne Carbide. Ukwethulwa amaminerali Ceramic Carbide zensimbi molybdenum, futhi i-chromium, kuyasiza nokwandisa Izakhiwo kanye mechanical of the cermet futhi aqede brittleness yayo. Ukwandiswa isivinini ahlabayo. Okulingene ukuqeda ukucubungula kudivayisi cermet based isetshenziselwa empunga cast iron, steel kanzima futhi eziningi kusetshenzwe izinsimbi non-ayoni. Le nqubo ibizwa olwenziwa ngesivinini 435-1000 m / imiz. Ceramics ukuzisika akuwona amelana imithelela lokushisa. ubulukhuni yayo 90-95 HRC isezingeni 950-1100 ° C.

Ukuze obrabatyvaniya yensimbi sekudlule eqeda, okuhlala cast iron, kanye fiberglass wasebenzisa insimbi, ukuzilimaza ingxenye okuyinto ikhiqizwa ukudla okuqinile equkethe boron nitride namadayimane. Inkomba ubulukhuni CBN (boron nitride) imayelana kuyafana nalokho diamond. ukumelana layo lokushisa izikhathi ezimbili ephakeme kunaleyo yokugcina. Elbor kunalokho inert ukuba izinto yensimbi. amandla eqine ezingeni polycrystals lapho onomfutho kuba 4-5 GPA (400-500 kgf / mm ^2), futhi uma izimisele - 0.7 GPA (70 kgf / mm ^2). Ukumelana lokushisa umkhawulo 1350-1450 ° C.

Futhi we nothi zokwenziwa idayimane ezisekelwe Ballas uchungechunge ASB futhi Carbonado ISPC chungechunge. Chemical umsebenzi wale mithandazo nendaba carbonaceous lingaphezulu. Yingakho lisetshenziswe imimese izingxenye eyenziwe nonferrous metal Alloys nge wokuqukethwe eliphezulu Silicon, ukudla okuqinile VK10, VK30 kanye evele non-metallic.

Ukumelana Inkomba bezihlahla carbonade - izikhathi 20-50 ezingaphezu kuka ezingeni ukumelana Alloys kanzima.

Yikuphi Alloys baye zande embonini?

Emhlabeni jikelele etholakalayo ithuluzi izinto. Amafomu ezisetshenziswa eRussia, e-United States futhi e-Europe, ingxenye enkulu zingenalo tungsten. Bangabakhe uchungechunge KNT016 futhi TN020. Letindlela babé brand esikhundleni T15K6, T14K8 futhi BK8. Zisetshenziswa okwesikhathi uswidi izakhiwo steel, insimbi engagqwali futhi ithuluzi izinto.

izidingo okusha ithuluzi izinto ngenxa nokuntuleka tungsten futhi ayibe. Kuyinto ngenxa yalesi isici ukuthi izindlela yokuthola Alloys entsha kanzima ukuthi awanalo tungsten njalo isakhiwa e-US, e-Europe ne-Russia.

Ngokwesibonelo, izinto ithuluzi yokukhiqiza inkampani American Adamas Carbide Co Titan uchungechunge 50, 60, 80, 100, zimumethe a Carbide, titanium kanye molybdenum. Ukwandisa inani kubonisa degree of enqabeni impahla. Izimpawu ithuluzi mathiriyeli lo daba kusho lizinga lelisetulu amandla. Ngokwesibonelo, Titan100 uchungechunge has a amandla 1000 MPA. Kuyinto nathi of izitsha zobumba.