"General Sherman" - kwesihlahla enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Sequoia giant

Sequoia - omunye izihlahla ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Esikhathini nezikhathi Jurassic futhi Cretaceous, kwakuvamile eYurophu nase-Asia, kodwa manje walondoloza kuphela ezintabeni California futhi Southern Oregon. Lokhu izitshalo esifuze pre-Ice Age, bangabizwa ngokuthi izinsalela zamathambo ophilayo.

Izici

Sequoia Giant (Sequoia, isihlahla mammoth), yaqanjwa abakhulu Iroquois, ayikaziwa ngokuphelele baseYurophu kuze 1850. A-Ashera womuthi izihlahla giant ngephutha wathola eyiNgisi Lobb.

AmaNdiya ebizwa ngokuthi sequoias "Amahlathi obaba." Lokhu kwenza umqondo, njengoba kuchazwe isihlahla hhayi kuphela ukufinyelela ukuphakama 100-120 amamitha, kodwa futhi siphile isikhathi Akumangalisi eside. Amasongo ngonyaka owayemdala kunabo bonke, kwatholakala ukuthi bakwazi ukufinyelela kweminyaka eyi 3,000.

Sequoia Giant kungokwalabo umndeni Taxodiaceae (gymnosperms Division). Lena isihlahla coniferous uhlaza aluhlaza. Nakuba ukhuni amahle obukhulu buthandwa kakhulu, kungenzeka elisetshenziswa emnothweni incane ngenxa ukusweleka okwedlulele redwoods. Kunalokho, isetshenziselwa zokuhlobisa. Zokutshala lezi zidlakela ingatholakala eCaucasus and elisogwini oluseningizimu ye-eCrimea.

Sequoia futhi Giant Sequoia?

Nakuba lezi zihlahla zifana kakhulu, kukhona umehluko phakathi kwabo.

Redwoods sikhule enyakatho yeCalifornia ku isiqeshana ewumngcingo ugu. Kubo, inani elihle kunomswakama nge inkungu eziphikelelayo. A Sequoia giant itholakala kwi emithambekeni esentshonalanga yeziNtaba zase-Sierra Nevada (endaweni engamamitha 1.5-2 km). Sequoia Izigaxa angeke kufuthwe lapho manzi. Ukuze ukuqubuka imbewu badinga sezulu iyomisa futhi ishisa kakhulu.

Imililo, yingozi zonke izinto eziphilayo, lezi izihlahla Ungadlala indima reproduction wayo nokukhula kwayo kuyisimangaliso kulethe. Izigaxa ukushisa zembuliwe, futhi imbewu kuwele phansi, kakade engenalo ukhula. izihlahla abavuthiwe amagxolo zazo ezinamandla emlilweni akazange ahlupheke kakhulu ngendlela nezinye izitshalo. Futhi emgqonyeni elidala Sequoia omkhulu ingaqukatha kufika ku 8000 amalitha amanzi.

Lezi ziqhwaga hit ukuphakama kwalo. Bathi nabanye izinhlobo zikagamthilini sesihloko kwezihlahla ezinde. Sequoia iDemo kancane ukuphakama imitha-engamakhulu, kodwa kungaholela ukwesabe Uhlonze lwalo, okuyinto ifinyelela ezingaphezu kuka-10 ukuphakama. Hhayi ngaphandle isizathu bebizwa omkhulu.

Ngokwesibonelo, Sequoia "Jikelele Sherman" has nesiqu esingaba ezingaphezu kuka 35 m. Ukuze ukushayela indulungu lokhu giant, kwakuzothatha abantu abangaphezu kuka-25! Lo muthi kubhekwa enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kusukela ngo-1931.

sequoias Giant - eyikhulu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX bahlabeka phansi ngenxa zinokhuni oluyigugu. yobudala kwemithi kwasha kunqunywa ukukhula emasongweni iziphunzi. Kwavela ukuthi ezinye zazo babephile ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 3 iminyaka! Bakhulela ngesikhathi lapho kuphela abaseGibhithe baqala ukwakha imibhoshongo abadumile.

Sequoia Giant branched nilidle enamandla kakhulu ohlelweni impande. Amagxolo iqukethe izinto oxosha amagxolo mabhungane kanye nezinye izinambuzane. Ngu isikhunta ulele nazo babe ukuvikelwa amakhemikhali.

Jikelele Sherman Tree

Ngo California (USA) asungula National Park "Sequoia". ingxenye yayo main - "Ihlathi Giants" - Grove yemithi ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Cishe kuzo zonke izimo unegama lalo. Phakathi edume kunazo Jikelele Sherman esihlahleni. Kuyinto siyamangalisa. Sequoia "Jikelele Sherman" - isihlahla omkhulu emhlabeni. Kukholakala ukuthi iminyaka yakhe kuyinto iminyaka 2300-2700. Ukuphakama akulona esiphezulu izihlahla -. "Kuphela" amamitha 84, kodwa ngevolumu giant, akha cishe 1,500 cubic metres, nesisindo esingamathani mayelana 2,500 kwenza kube abaphilayo into ngobukhulu emhlabeni.

Futhi lokhu akuyona umkhawulo, ngoba redwoods sikhule kukho konke ukuphila. Futhi ziyafa zokuguga kunokuba kangakanani yobukhulu bayo omkhulu. Kufika isikhathi lapho isiqu esihlahleni ayisakwazi okuthwala isisindo omkhulu. Wavele iphuka. A "Jikelele Sherman" liyaqhubeka likhula, okwandisa ubukhulu bayo ngonyaka okungenani isigamu isentimitha. Okwamanje, ngithi kini: Odlula 11.1 m!

isihlahla okunjalo enkulu ayimkhangi ezehlukile zezivakashi. National Park "Sequoia" njalo ngonyaka evakashela amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu abafuna ukubona lesi simangaliso zomhlaba, ukuthathwa isithombe esilandelayo kubo.

Ogama lakhe behlonipha hero

Jikelele Sherman, ethiwa behlonipha kwesihlahla - hero US kazwelonke. Phakathi Yombango, wajabulela ngisho ethandwa ezingaphezu kuka General Grant. Ukusebenza kunazo owaziwa ngaphansi kobuholi Sherman kwaba umzabalazo Atlanta, okwathi ngemva kwalokho walamukela yokubuyiswa le limise Army, eholwa Johnston. Ngo-1869, owalandela Jikelele Grant njengoba US amabutho umkhuzi abakhulu.

Ngo-1879, isazi semvelo James Wolverton Township, ngesikhathi kulwiwa wakhonza ibutho Sherman a uLieutenant, ngokuthi isihlahla omkhulu igama umkhuzi wempi othandekayo.

Phela, esingesesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni kubhekwa Sequoia "Jikelele Grant".

epaki ezikhangayo

Ngaphandle nje kokuthi "Giant Ihlathi" zivakashi bakhangwa Umhubhe log. Ngo-1937, ngaphesheya komgwaqo epaki bawa Sequoia giant, ivimbe indlela izimoto. Ukuze uthole indlela abasebenzi epaki baphoqeleka ukuba baliqume ububanzi Umhubhe 5 m kanye ukuphakama mayelana 2.5 m. Izinkuni yanquma asiwukuhlobisa, futhi kwaba omunye ezikhangayo esiyinhloko.

Phakathi kwepaki kukhona igquma egwadle Moro Rock, phezu okuyinto ukhuphuke ngezitebhisi. Phezu umbono omangalisayo yonke "ihlathi imidondoshiya." Ukuheha nabo emigedeni ehlukahlukene. Noma kunjalo, zivalwe umphakathi, ngaphandle munye.

ipaki elihle futhi izihlahla ezinkulu manje asengozini. Ukuragela phambili eminyakeni yokugcina isomiso California uye kwabangela nokuba kuqubuke imililo eminingi, okungakwazi ukumelana ngisho redwoods enamandla kakhulu. Ukuntuleka umswakama enhlabathini kukhinyabeza ukuvela amahlumela amasha. Ngeshwa, lezi eyikhulu ungase zinyamalale ebusweni Earth.