Fuko Mishel: Biography futhi Philosophy

Fuko Mishel phakathi kwabantu besikhathi sakhe ibhekwa njengeBhayibheli nefilosofi yasekuqaleni kakhulu futhi okuqhubekayo eFrance. Isiqondiso eyinhloko umsebenzi wakhe - ekutadisheni imisuka ongabantu umongo zomlando, isimo sengqondo saso umphakathi ekufezeni Egula ngengqondo futhi kakhulu umqondo lokugula ngengqondo.

Ebuntwaneni. ebufaneni

Mishel Fuko wazalwa ngo-October 15, 1926 eningizimu lesifunda elincane okwakuhlala. Umndeni wakhe kwakungekaNkulunkulu lwamakhosi odokotela abahlinzayo: likayise noyisemkhulu, kokubili okungewakho mkhakha. Babelindele ukuthi nomzukulu omdala nendodana uqhubeke ibhizinisi labo uhambe endleleni zempilo, kodwa naphezu kokucindezelwa, umfana bavikela ilungelo labo iSilekeleli Sokwazisa futhi ngokwengxenye lisuswe kusuka imithi ukuze Metaphysics. Omunye okuhlukile ngokuqondene nalo mthetho kwaba webumbacambili yegama lakhe. Emkhayeni salo kwakukhona isiko - zonke-borns ngowokuqala ukunikeza egameni likaPawulu, kodwa umama kaPawulu ube esebiza indodana yakhe Michel, kanti ingane wakhetha lapho okuthiwa igama lesibili. Ngakho-ke, kuzo zonke izincwadi ezisemthethweni esevele njengoba uPawulu, kodwa umphakathi njengoba Mishel Fuko ezaziwayo. Umlando wakhe futhi ngempela impikiswano.

Isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu Ikusasa, isazimlando sefilosofi, kwaba the best esikoleni esiphakeme e-France, kodwa ayikwazanga ithintane obufunda nazo. Isilinganiso imfundo efanayo wathola phakathi nokuvinjelwa wamaNazi Europe, futhi lokhu kwathinta ukwenziwa kakhulu bemhlonipha njengomuntu, ishintshile engela umbono wakhe. Konke kwenzeka ngesikhathi lapho inqubomgomo inquma isiphetho abantu, ngeke kuthathwe ngesisekelo izisekelo lanamuhla kuyisiphazamiso esimisweni sokuhle nokubi emphakathini. Abantu babecabanga ngendlela ehlukile, izimpilo zabo zashintsha ngokushesha, futhi kube nzima nakakhulu, ngakho babe abasekeli izinyathelo ezinkulu.

intsha

Ngemuva kokufaka eyunivesithi ngo-1946, impilo entsha iqala ngokuba amabili Michel. Futhi kwaba sibi kakhulu kunesokuqala. Zonke abafundi kabi ochotshoziwe wemfanelo ngekusasa labo, ngoba abaneziqu zaseyunivesithi babe abantu abanjalo abaqavile njengoGamaliyeli Sartre futhi Canguilhem, kwadingeka isikhathi ukubhala igama lakhe ngamagama egolide emlandweni. Ukuphinda noma ukudlula indlela yabo, kwakudingeka kube kakhulu kulaba abanye.

Kule ndaba, Fuko Mishel wenza entendeni. Wayazi isikhathi eside futhi kanzima namakhono kanjani ngokumangalisayo umsebenzi, cwaningo, umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfundo obuphelele yayo, indida kanye ukubhuqa caustic kuyinto ofunda qakala ukuhlupheka ekuhlukunyezweni yakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, ofunda nabo baqala kuye, wayecabanga ukuthi liyahlanya. luke luthi okunjalo kwaholela yokuthi Mishel Fuko wazama ukuthatha impilo yakhe siqu, iminyaka emibini emveni kokuthola. Lo mcimbi wokuqala wamyisa esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo St. Anne. isenzo sakhe izinhlangothi omuhle kodwa kwakusekhona, ngoba li waqokomisa umfundi engazinzile ukuze ekamelweni elihlukile.

abeluleki

Okokuqala, sibonga kubani sefilosofi Mishel Fuko wakwazi ukuthatha indawo esikhathini esizayo, kwaba Zhak Lakan Gyusdorf. Nguye ahlelwe ukukufundisa abafundi babo ku wezifo zengqondo, wabayisa esibhedlela i-St Anne for ukuqeqeshwa okuwusizo. Kwabe Al-Louis Tyusser, Ngokuqhubeka isiko eyandulela wakhe mayelana ukuqeqeshwa abafundi. Fuko Mishel, naphezu idumela layo, engenza abangane naye iminyaka eminingi.

uchwepheshe

Ngo-1948, i-Sorbonne unika umbhali ngezinga elithile ngefilosofi. Ngemva konyaka Paris Isikhungo Psychology umnikeza idiploma yakhe, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emine Fuko Mishel iziqu esikoleni esifanayo, kodwa kakade psychopathology okukhethekile. Kunomsebenzi omningi isikhathi esiningi wesazi sefilosofi ku St Anne Isibhedlela. Uya nokuhlolwa odokotela ejele, ikhaya abagulayo, ukutadisha ezimpilweni zabo futhi yisimo esibuhlungu. Ngenxa yalesi simo sengqondo iziguli, umsebenzi sina bokusungula acacisa yesimanje Mishel Fuko. Biography uchaza kafushane le nkathi yokuphila kwakhe, ngoba yena ngokwakhe akufanele bahlale. Isibhedlela wayengomunye wabaningi we Ngaleso sikhathi iFrance. Akazange uneminye Izinzuzo ebaluleke noma nebubi futhi ukhiqiza okuvelayo kunalokho ezicindezelayo lapho ubuka it ngeso udokotela yesimanje.

nokufundisa

Eminyakeni emihlanu, kusukela ngo-1951 kuya 1955, Fuko Mishel wafundisa at the ecole normale Supérieure nokulingisa abeluleki zabo, futhi, kuholela abafundi esibhedlela i-St Anna ku izinkambo kanye izinkulumo. Kwakungekhona kwesikhathi ephithizela kunawo wonke kuleyo ukuphila wesazi sefilosofi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uqala ukusebenza incwadi yakhe "The History of Madness", liphefumulelwe Marxism futhi existentialism - ethandwa imisinga yefilosofi isikhathi. Efuna ukuphinda ngokunqoba Sartre nokuba owaphothula isikhungo esifanayo, usosayensi wokuvelela basebenzisa zonke ithuba ngcono indalo yakhe. Wayefanele ngisho ukuba zifunde isiJalimane ukufunda imisebenzi Heidegger, Husserl futhi Nietzsche.

Kusukela Nietzsche futhi Hegel - Foucault

Eminyakeni ethile kamuva, lapho isimo sakhe sengqondo maqondana Marxism futhi existentialism washintsha, nokwazisa ngomsebenzi Nietzsche usalokhu for a lifetime. Ithonya lakhe lingabonakala imisebenzi kamuva Foucault. Kwaba lokhu sefilosofi German wayiyisa umqondo lozalo, okungukuthi, ukutadisha umlando umsuka imiqondo, izinto nemibono.

Esinye isici lokusungula Mishel Fuko aphoqelelwe ukuba Hegel. Noma kunalokho, uthisha wakhe uHippolyte, owayengufakazi umsekeli oshisekayo Hegelianism. Kuthinta ephefumulelwe ifilosofi Ngokuzayo ukuthi ngisho mqondo yayizimisele ukuhlaziya imisebenzi Hegel.

Marxism

Mishel Fuko, biography nefilosofi eyayibonakala zithandelana ukunyakaza nezombangazwe eYurophu ngaleso sikhathi, ukuba ukujoyina iQembu LamaKhomanisi ngo-1950. Kodwa indumalo kulezi imibono kwafika ngokushesha, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu ishiya le "red" chungechunge. Phakathi nokuhlala kwakhe khona iDemo kuleli qembu Foucault uphatha zenze abafundi ecole normale Superieure futhi bahlele uhlobo umbuthano izintshisekelo. Institute egcekeni yaphenduka club ezeni, umholi wawo wawuvame Yiqiniso, Michelle. Lesi sifiso sokushintsha, izimo zengqondo okuhambisanayo entsheni zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi eseyizingane usakhula senzeke seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, futhi le nsizwa - e inqubo ukuhanjiswa ayezozibusa phakathi eU.SSR naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Babona izenzo njengoba yiqhawe futhi ngokungagwegwesi ndini, futhi ngamunye kubo wazinikela Ukumelana party halo romantic. Ubulungu e LamaKhomanisi wabanika ithuba zokusondelana amaphupho abo.

Izici beqembu, ukubukeka elalibaluleke kakhulu ngokoqobo ezizungezile, ayenqaba abukhali kwezifiso wobunxiwankulu ziyabonakala emsebenzini Foucault. Kodwa, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, abambalwa engela ehlukile kunaleyo okwakulindelwe kuye. Eziningi zazo unesithakazelo ubudlelwane bamandla. Kodwa akulona izibonelo sobala, futhi labo covertly samanje emphakathini: komzali nengane, uthisha-umfundi, phakathi kodokotela neziguli, isiboshwa umbonisi. Okuningi ngokuningiliziwe sefilosofi ukukuqonda futhi uchaze ubudlelwane phakathi wezifo zengqondo kanye umuntu egula ngengqondo.

yohambo

Ukuphila France ukhathele Michel Foucault, futhi wasuka ngokushesha igcwele izikhwama zakhe, washiya ukuhamba. Waqala washumayela Sweden, kulandele Poland futhi-Austria-Hungary. Phakathi nale nkathi, kukhona umsebenzi asebenzayo phezu "Umlando Madness." Le nkathi ekuphileni kwakhe elinesimo Ukuthanda ezithile waphawula indlela Mishel Fuko ( "Biography"). Izithombe izinto emazweni ahlukahlukene ngisho amazwekazi, sivula a, isazi sefilosofi entsha elahlekile. Uye lectured eBrazil, eJapane, Canada, USA, Tunisia.

umndeni

Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, lo muntu abanamakhono ekugcineni wathola indawo lapho wakwazi ukuze sijabule ngempela. Usesho eside kwakubangelwa yinkimbinkimbi ukuqonda nokwamukela umphakathi YaseYurophu ayephila ngayo futhi wasebenza njengoba Mishel Fuko. ukuphila kwakhe siqu bekulokhu imfihlakalo, kusukela ubungqingili emazweni lamaKhomanisi-nomqondo kungukuthi obala ezifudumele. Kodwa e-California, e-US, izinto zazingahambi kahle njalo cha. Kube yayikhona a subculture ahlukene abantu nge gay, alwa amalungelo abo, ake nakomagazini. Mhlawumbe lokhu kuyindlela yokuphila futhi bathonya Ukuhamba ngokushesha zokuphila Foucault sika. In autumn 1983 isazi sefilosofi wagcina ukuvakasha-United States, futhi ehlobo lika-1984 yokubulawa HIV ekupheleni-esiteji - AIDS.

Afterword

Ukutadisha ka uhlanya njengoba kuhlukaniswa somuntu emphakathini kanye nentuthuko yayo, isimo sengqondo umphakathi ekufezeni ophazamisekile emqondweni, ukusebenzisana phakathi udokotela kanye nesiguli uyaqiniseka Foucault wacabanga ngokuthi akekho owayemsizile wafunda le nkinga kusukela ngaphakathi emphakathini wesintu. Incwadi yakhe - akusiyo umlando wezifo zengqondo, kodwa kunalokho indlela zentuthuko yawo kanye Ukwamukelwa emphakathini njengesakhamuzi esihlelekile isiyalo.

Yayinesithakazelo ikakhulu e-isici umthelela ubuhlanya phezu usiko isikhathi lapho ngenkuthalo asathuthuka. Wancika ukufana okuqinisekile zomlando kanye main, ngokuvumelana inkampani, ibonakalisa ubuhlanya ke lokhu kubonakala izincwadi, izinkondlo, Umdwebo isikhathi. Phela, abantu yobuciko bezilokhu eqiniseka ukuthi uphazamisekile emqondweni uyazi ezinye imfihlo yokuphila komuntu iyisikhathi esingakanani futhi kungenziwa kubhekwe njengento iqiniso eliphelele, kodwa iqiniso alikho mnandi futhi kumnandi njalo, ngakho-ke abantu "enempilo" kufanele ebiyelwe nyá nezambulo "ogulayo".