Fonvizina isebenza: uhlu imisebenzi

Yini isebenza Fonvizin eyaziwa kubafundi banamuhla? Yiqiniso, "Oaf." Phela, amahlaya iyingxenye yezifundo zezikole. Kuyaziwa ukuthi esibayeni omlobi Russian basonta izihloko ezibucayi, ngokuhumusha abalobi angaphandle. Nokho, imisebenzi ngokubhala etemibhalo satirical ku umndeni abangenalwazi Prost usebenza Fonvizin hhayi elinganiselwe.

Yini enye wabhala umdali abamahlaya zasekhaya? Futhi kungani eminyakeni yakhe kamuva umlobi, "ignoramus" Kwakunzima ukushicilela okudaliwe zabo?

umbhali Russian abadabuka kwamanye amazwe

Umlobi wayehlala futhi esebenza e ngenkathi uCatherine. Fonvizina usebenza ngeke wadala uma omunye wokhokho abamahlaya akazange uthole eyodwa basekuthunjweni Russian. Nokho, uMdali izinhlamvu njengo- Prostakov Starodum futhi Mitrofanushka kwaqala angaphandle, kwaba Russian kunazo zonke abalobi Russian kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Okungenani okuningi ngaye Pushkin wathi.

imisebenzi yokuhumusha

Umlobi efunda esikoleni esiphakeme, kamuva ngaba umfundi Faculty of Philosophy. imisebenzi Fonvizina amelela esivelele art waseshashalazini kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuthi ufike ukuqashelwa, umlobi iminyaka eminingi poring phezu izinguqulo bemidlalo abadumile angaphandle ngisho lasendulo. Futhi kuphela uthole okuhlangenwe nakho, waqala ngokubhala izingoma yasekuqaleni.

Literary translation protagonist lesi sihloko waqala ngephutha. Uma omunye Petersburg booksellers wezwa ulwazi zalo ezinhle ezilimi zakwamanye amazwe. Usomabhizinisi abamenyiwe le nsizwa ukuhumusha ku-Russian imisebenzi Ludvig Holberg. Denis Fonvizin abhekana ngayo umsebenzi. Khona-ke ngawa phansi okuningi izipesheli kusuka abamemezeli.

umsebenzi wokubhala

Lapho-ke baqala ukuvela imisebenzi yokuqala Fonvizin? Uhlu imisebenzi yakhe incane. Ngezansi uhlu imisebenzi amadlingozi futhi izincwadi zezombusazwe indaba ephathwayo. Kodwa amazwi okuqala ambalwa kufanele ishiwo yalelozwe lembhali.

Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili eYurophu kwaba fashion umcabango ezemfundo, omunye wabasunguli okwakunzima uVoltaire. umbhali Russian ujabule ukuhumusha imisebenzi satirist French. Amahlaya, okuyinto kuhluke Fonvizina isebenza isitayela classic, cishe, kwaba isici, okuyinto wathonywa lokusungula uVoltaire sika. Eminyakeni lapho umbhali wavakashela Freethinkers ikakhulukazi amaqembu asebenzayo, amahlaya yaqale wadala.

"Foreman"

izifundo Literary wasiza Fonvizin ukukhuphuka isitebhisi ebusheni bakhe, kodwa kwaba nethonya izinhlekelele lokusungula komlobi kakhulu eminyakeni yokuguga. Ukuhumusha nhlekelele aviary egqanyisiwe iNdlovukazi. A impumelelo ethile wajabulela ahlekisayo "kusho uBrigadier".

publicism

Ngo-1769, umlobi esima phambi Ukubala Panin, okuyinto samenta ubhale indatshana zezombusazwe. Igama lomsebenzi kuyavumelana ngokuphelele nalo isikhathi lapho umtloli bekahlala, "Inkulumo ku azichithile noma yiluphi uhlobo uhulumeni futhi Empire isimo zyblemom futhi sovereigns."

Ngenkathi uCatherine abantu abafundile bazikhulumela ngokwabo ehlotshisiwe kakhulu, ngisho Empress yena, ngenhlanhla, akakuthandanga umsebenzi. Iqiniso liwukuthi kulo msebenzi, umlobi wagxeka noCatherine, futhi izintandokazi wakhe, befuna kwekuhlela kabusha eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. Kulokhu, ngisho nesibindi ukwesabisa umbuso.

In Paris

Sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili wachitha eFrance Fonvizin. Kusuka lapho, wayengumuntu ukubhalelana njalo Panin nezinye abantu abanazo. Okuphathelene nokuphilisana nezenhlalo babeyizisulu kokubili izinhlamvu imibhalo. Lesibonwa usebenza Fonvizin, uhlu okuyinto abantu besikhathi kancane aziwayo, naphezu kokungabibikho ukucwaninga esiqinile kuleyo minyaka simanzi té ukoma sokushintsha, umoya ashisekela izinguquko.

ukubukwa zezombusazwe

Ngemva kokuxoxa nomninikhaya eFrance, Denis Fonvizin wabhala 'izinkulumo "entsha. Kulokhu, babephethe babezinikele imithetho isimo. Kulesi umsebenzi umlobi wabuza lo mbuzo of serfdom. Eqiniseka isidingo ukuwubulala wayesesokhalweni ngaphansi kwethonya 'Pugachev "futhi ngenxa yalokho ezihlongozwayo ukuqeda serfdom ngokulinganisela kancane.

Fonvizin eyingoduso e umsebenzi wokubhala kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Kodwa ngenxa nasekubeni ungamukelwa iNdlovukazi wayengasaboni ukushicilela imisebenzi yakhe eziqoqiwe. Ekugcineni, kuyafaneleka kokukhuluma imisebenzi Fonvizin.

uhlu lwezincwadi

1. "Foreman".
2. "Oaf."
3. "Imibono mayelana nemithetho isimo esisemqoka."
4. "Kukhethwa komfundisi."
5. "Ingxoxo at Princess Haldin."
6. "Ukuvuma izono."
7. "Korionov."

"Ukuvuma izono," umbhali uye wadala, iminyaka isihambile. Lo msebenzi ngokuphila kwakhe. Eminyakeni yamuva, umbhali Fonvizin ikakhulu wabhala izihloko komagazini. Emlandweni izincwadi Russian, Fonvizin efika njengompristi umbhali amahlaya uhlobo of classicism. Kuyini lokhu isiqondiso? Yiziphi izici zayo?

imisebenzi Fonvizin

Classicism iyona isiqondiso, okusekelwe ezimisweni of rationalism. Imisebenzi ukwethula ukuvumelana sokholo ngokuqinile kuhlangatshezwene nakho normativity senkondlo. Amaqhawe ahlekisayo "Elincane" zihlukaniswe emihle nemibi. izithombe eziphikisanayo ayikho lapha. Futhi kuba njalo isici classicism.

Wazalelwa lesi siqondiso eFrance. I classicism Russian kwahluka orientation satirical. Ngo imisebenzi bemidlalo French kwasekuqaleni leso kwakuyisihloko senkulumo lasendulo. Ukuze Russian classicism nobuntu Motifs kazwelonke-zomlando.

Isici esiyinhloko imisebenzi okukhulu kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili - ubunye isikhathi nendawo. Imicimbi "Oaf" zenzeka ekhaya Prost umndeni. Konke kuchazwa amahlaya, ufezwa kungakapheli amahora angamashumi amabili nane. Fonvizin endowed izinhlamvu zakhe ukukhuluma amagama. Skotinin amaphupho ezigodini eziningi izingulube kokudla. Vralman uzenza ukukhanyisela Mitrofanushka, besenza ignoramus e ukungawazi esibi nakakhulu.

I amahlaya kuthintwa imfundo indaba ephathwayo. umcabango Sikhungo uye waba nomthelela nemisebenzi yonke Fonvizin. Umlobi wayefuna ukushintsha isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona. Kodwa ngikholwa ukuthi ngaphandle imfundo, noma yiziphi izinguquko kuzoholela nokwambuka, "Pugachev" noma ezinye imiphumela engemihle emphakathini nakwezombangazwe.