Foam phambi: incazelo, ngezigaba, ukufakwa

Izimali nezezindlu Ukushisa sanda, futhi kule ndaba, abantu baqala ukucabanga ukuthi cishe amathuba energy esisindisa. Abaningi ngci ezindlini zabo kanye nezindlu. Isetshenziselwa lokhu phambi Foam, okuyinto kubhekwa omunye the best for lemisebenti. Lokhu kwaziswa ubizwa nangokuthi polystyrene Foam. inqubo yayo ukukhiqizwa yasungulwa ngo-1928, kodwa ekukhiqizweni lo mkhiqizo wangena 1937. Futhi yini enye mayelana ngempumelelo impahla ukwahlukanisa laziwe?

Umlando Foam kokusunguliwe

Ngo-1839, i-kunodokotela German abaqeqeshiwe inqubo ukusebenzisa izinongo, ngezikhathi wathola styrene. Khona-ke, ngemva kokuzwa ayezifundile ketshezi, Edward Simon waphawula ukuthi imfuyo oily ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile bebodwa uphawu ziphenduka into efana jelly. Noma yimuphi SIZUZISA wemithi e ukuvulwa wakhe wabona. Ingqikithi seyaziwa ngokuthi styrene oxide, nokuningi bengakaze umshado.

Ukuze lokhu kwaba emuva 1845. Styrene bamakhemikhali nesithakazelo Blyth futhi Hoffman.

Ngokwesibonelo, izazi baseJalimane England wachitha eminye ucwaningo zabo nocwaningo futhi inqubo wathola ukuthi styrene iguqulwe ibe jelly ngaphandle oksijini. Blyth futhi von Hoffmann walibiza metastirolom. Khona-ke, eminyakeni 21 kamuva, inqubo uphawu ibizwa ngokuthi "polymerization".

Ngo-20-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, osokhemisi German Hermann Staudinger wenziwe ukutholakala ezibalulekile. Phakathi amalahle styrene iqala ukusabela chain lapho akhiwa emaketangeni macromolecular. Ukutholakala kwaleli qiniso ke wasetshenziselwa womshini polymers ehlukahlukene Plastics.

ukukhiqizwa yezimboni Foam

Umsuka styrene zamagama inqubo eyenziwa abacwaningi I Dow Chemical Company. ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano polystyrene iqaliswe BASF. Ngo onjiniyela 30 BakaJehova baye basungula futhi osungulwe ukukhiqizwa polymerized styrene ubuchwepheshe. Ngo-1949, wathola igunya lokwenza womshini zithutha, foamed nge pentane. Khona-ke, ngesisekelo kokuqaliswa kokukhiqiza ngenhloso elinama ezifana polystyrene Foam olungaphambili lwesonto.

Indlela khiqiza it?

Izinto zokusetshenziswa asetshenziswe polystyrene ubuhlalu. Ukwakha amaseli usebenzisa reagents ekhethekile foamed impahla.

Ngo esigabeni sokuqala elimbudumbudu ukukhiqizwa batheleka a hopper, lapho i-pre-ukunwetshwa. I elimbudumbudu babe ukuma eyindilinga. Ukuze uthole i-ngempumelelo impahla ukushisa-nangokuvikela nge kwabantu ongaphakeme, le nqubo liphindwe izikhathi eziningana.

Isikhathi ngasinye amabhola beba more and more. Phakathi izinyathelo yesivini ubuhlalu zafakwa hopper ekhethekile, lapho amahora 12-24 usimamise ingcindezi ngaphakathi elimbudumbudu nokwesula kwenzeka.

Umkhiqizo ke ibekwe ku udini umshini ekhethekile, lapho ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphezulu umusi ukugeleza elakhiwe. I elimbudumbudu kukhona ngokwanele emincane isikhunta, noma kushisa kakhulu banamathelane ngenkathi esaziwa ezakheke emva lwaluyophola.

Emabhuloki ukuthi ube usayizi abalulekile, ahlukaniswe osayizi ejwayelekile. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba le nto wafaka isitoreji Lesisemkhatsini. Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa Foam olungaphambili lwesonto kuyinto ukuthola umswakama, ngisho sinqume nje ngeke zisebenze. Kukhona ubuchwepheshe ezimbili ezidumile ukwahlukanisa. Lokhu slurry, kanye nokwehlukana isisindo. Esikhathini CIS amazwe, Europe naseMelika baye basebenzisa ngempumelelo kokubili kuqala futhi indlela yesibili.

Ukwahlukaniswa polystyrene enwetshiwe

Namuhla, le ukwahlukanisa senziwa ubuchwepheshe eziphambili kakhulu, lokho bavunyelwe ngcono kakhulu izakhiwo ezibonakalayo. Ngakho, namuhla, ukukhiqiza polystyrene ukunwetshwa. inqubo yesivini eqalwa esebenzisa hydrocarbon. Kuba oluyingozi phezu Ukushisa, futhi polystyrene ubuhlalu sikhukhumale banamathelane.

phambi Foam zihlukaniswa ubuchwepheshe yokukhiqiza kanye wabelane amaqembu. Lokhu ukwahlukanisa okuyinto kuveza sintering ubuchwepheshe, ipuleti etholwe yesivini we granules.

Futhi, izinto buyahluka kuye ngezinkathi ilebula.

• PS - Foam olubunjiwe.
• Jls - ukumiswa bespressovy.
• PSB-S - zokucisha ukumiswa bespressovy.
• polystyrene extruded - EPS.

Umkhiqizo brand DPM has a isakhiwo iyunifomu obukhulu. Lezi zimo zokuma kunquma ububanzi bokusebenzisa yayo. I panel olungaphambili lwesonto lokhu isitembu ungase ube ukuminyana 50 kg / m ^3.

I Foam extruded - ingenye nezinsiza ezingcono. Phakathi senqubo yokukhiqiza esetshenziswa extrusion. EPS ngokwanele ukumelana zonke izinhlobo amathonya mechanical, has ezingeni lelisetulu ukuminyana futhi ine omuhle kakhulu kubekwa uphawu izici.

Okuvame kakhulu, ezingabizi futhi ethandwa phakathi abathengi kubhekwa polystyrene PSB. It is kabanzi njengoba heater. Nokho, uma iqhathaniswa impahla extruded, PSB kakhulu ilahlekelwa ngezikhwepha ngaphezu kwakho.

Umehluko ukujiya kanye kwabantu

Amandla ukulondoloza izici possessed impahla, ngenxa ongaphakeme ukushisa conduction ezingeni. Uma siqhathanisa phambi Foam nanoma iyiphi enye etholakalayo ku ukwakhiwa emakethe ukwahlukanisa, amandla esisindisa Foam umthamo kuyoba siphezulu. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo ipuleti ukushuba 12 mm oluhambisana odongeni ukushuba we isitini 2.1M (noma ukhuni - 0.45 m).

Izici nemikhiqizo edumile lwe-plastic foam

Ngakho, PSB-S-15 lunesibalo ka 10-11 kg / m ^3, PSB-25 - 15-16 kg / m ^3. Foam PSB-25F phambi Wugqinsi - 16-17 kg / m ^3. Ubuningi DPM C35 kuyinto 25-27 kg / m ^3, futhi PSB-C50 - 35-37 kg / m ^3.

inhlanganiso Kumanele olungaphambili lwesonto ukwahlukanisa

Isixazululo ezinengqondo kungaba ukusebenzisa DPM-35 impahla nge kwabantu of 25 kg / m ^3. Ungakhetha futhi lesi sibalo emikhulu. Kodwa kule ndaba, le nangokuvikela izindawo buthaka. Uma usebenzisa PSB-S-25, le nto ngeke inikele rigidity ukuba olungaphambili lwesonto. Ngo inqubo kokuphothula umsebenzi has zonke izingozi umonakalo ka plate.

uphawu ipuleti PSB-15 abangaba njengoba ukwahlukanisa futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngeke ibe umthwalo enkulu odongeni endlini. Nokho, le Foam cishe ungalokothi usetshenziselwe olungaphambili lwesonto - zonke iphutha amandla aphansi.

Lokhu womkhiqizo kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe i-ukwahlukanisa eseduze kwakhiwa isakhiwo. Kungaba udonga verandas noma balcony ahlukahlukene. Futhi, lokhu brand kabanzi lisetshenziswe kokuphothula umsebenzi emakhoneni noma emafasiteleni.

Ugqinsi esanele for kephunkephu

Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa slabs nge ukushuba 5 kuya ku-7 cm. Leli zwi lesinqumo ilungele izakhiwo eziningi. Plates 150 mm asetshenziswa lapho kudingeke khona ukuze vimbela odongeni kanzima. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube yinto kushaywa udonga.

Ungayisebenzisi kakhulu ipuleti ukujiya. Lokhu kungadala ezinye ubunzima, kanye nezindleko akanangqondo. Ezimweni eziningi kungcono ukusebenzisa panel, kwabantu of 35 kg / m ³ at ukushuba ka-15 cm, kuka PSB-C-25 100 cm obukhulu kanye kwabantu of 25 kg / m ^3.

Ukuhambelana mbumbulu amagwebu

Kuye zokwakha zazo isakhiwo yakhiwa, kukhona efanelekayo noma engafanele heater yabo. Ngakho-ke, izindlu ugodo kungcono ukusebenzisa amaminerali uvolo.

Kodwa ukhonkolo noma isitini izakhiwo iyashelela Foam. polystyrene extruded ngaphambi zisebenzisa kudlule ukwelashwa cishe yizona ezisetshenziswa kabanzi umlilo, njengoba ifomu evamile kakhulu, oluvuthayo kakhulu.

entabeni ubuchwepheshe

Namuhla kukhona izinkampani eziningi ukuthi akhiqiza ukwahlukanisa ngokwayo nabantu bonke izinto ezihlobene ukufakwa. kungase kutholakale kahle Ceresit imikhiqizo. Kuyinto enhle ukuthi wonke umsebenzi kwenziwa ngesandla. Le nqubo ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziningana.

ukuqeqeshwa

Yonke kobuso udonga kufanele uzilungiselele. Ngakho, bonke kudoti isuswe, iyiphi izakhi ophumile. Kwamanzi bahlanza kusuka konke luba buthaka. Njengoba isigaba wokulungiselela kuhlanganisa ukulungisa amalunga phakathi kwezitini.

Uma odongeni ukhonkolo odabukileyo, kumele lilungiswe. Qiniseka ukuthi cwilisa Cap "Aquastop". Ukuze umphumela esiphezulu, wonke ukusebenza iphathwa primer Ukungena ezijulile.

ukufakwa iziphanyeko

Udonga kufanele kube Ubuningi bamahora flat. Kulokhu uyowumisa futhi ngokuphephile unamathisele panel ukuba olungaphambili lwesonto futhi ulungele noma iyiphi inqubo yokwelapha okwengeziwe ebusweni. lonke udonga ukunikeza isisindo ukukhanya izintambo ekhethekile ukuhlonza semfene bese akuqede.

glue panel

Lokukhuphula amapuleti lasetshenziswa kule ndaba Ceresit glue.

Kodwa kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto. Namatsisela lesi yisici esibalulekile. Ungqimba kufanele usetshenziswe ngokushesha ngemva nokulungiselela. Kwehora, nje lezo uDries futhi asifanele ukusetshenziswa. Ingxube ingcina sisetshenziswa phezu yonke indawo ishidi noma izindawo ezinhlanu iwukusakaza kokokunamathisela endaweni esiphezulu ngesikhathi.

AmaSpredishithi ukuba kusebenze kangcono kakhulu ukukhetha ngenhloso ngaphandle anolaka. Endabeni ubuso bayo bushelelezi (maholoholo) sifinyelele ngesandla. Ngo inqubo ababambelela ishidi edlelana ngasinye ezingeni.

Inqubo ukunitha

I panel emgqeni ngamunye kuthiwa uvalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngisho imigqa eziqala panel unciphe ngesigamu. Uma amashidi musa uqondane nomunye futhi ifomu izikhala phakathi amashidi Foam kuthululwe ewuketshezi. Uma le Foam akuvunyelwe nhlobo.

ukufakwa mechanical

Shiya iphaneli ku-glue bengayi. Indaba kungenziwa nishaye away by imimoya enamandla. Kungaba ngempela eqolo uma wazi kangakanani Foam phambi. Inani kuncike nomkhiqizi nezici iqala ruble 700 iphakethe ngalinye, futhi kuziwa ruble 6000. ishidi ngamunye unamathele usebenzisa dowels. On panel ngayinye usebenzisa izikhonkwane ezinhlanu. Ngemva kokuphela kwale nqubo, ngamunye dowels kufanele aphathwe nge glue.

Ngaphezu kwalokho ukuqinisa wenziwa, kanye usimende. Ukuze fiberglass lokuqala asetshenziswa. Badinga izinhlobo ezimbili - sebenzisa anezikhala kanzima futhi ezithambile. Soft uya amagumbi futhi kube lukhuni asetshenziselwa izindonga. Okulandelayo, ungakwazi noma ukuthenga zokuhlobisa usimende olungaphambili lwesonto Foam nge ezahlukene impahla enamathela.

Lokhu ubuchwepheshe isetshenziswa cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Le ndlela ukwahlukanisa ngempumelelo kakhulu futhi kuyasiza kakhulu ukunciphisa izindleko energy.