Fighter "iSiphepho": izici nesithombe

Njengoba seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili ne-Vietnam, kwaba sobala ukuthi ukuphikiswa ahlomile ukunqoba nzima kakhulu ngaphandle ukwesekwa emoyeni. Eminyakeni yamuva zaziphawuleka ngokungabi ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha phansi kuhlasela kanye fighter aircraft, imboni idonse kule ezintsha futhi esisha ngokwesayensi.

Omunye umphumela ukwambulwa kakhulu nokuhlanganiswa isayensi ukuzivikela nobuchwepheshe kuye ngikwazi ukulwa "iSiphepho". Ngokusho ehola ongoti angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo emkhakheni zezindiza, ke ingenye kakhulu zezinhlobo eliphezulu izikhali Western. Kuyini lokhu indiza nokuthi libhekene, sichaza kulesi sihloko.

Ngokushesha, siphawula ukuthi kayisemkhulu elikude, "iSiphepho" - fighter iMpi Yezwe II, futhi kakhulu manoeuvrable nabakhulu ukusebenza bukhoma.

ulwazi oluyisisekelo

Enkabeni yalo, lokhu iwele-injini oyisizukulwane sesine fighter. Elinesimo iphiko delta futhi lakhelwe "nedada." Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuguqulwa "iSiphepho", okuyinto zakhululwa ngazo eminyakeni embalwa edlule kukhona ngezizukulwane 4+ futhi 4 ++. Ngokuvamile, ukuthuthukiswa kwendiza ethembisa enjalo wethulwa emuva ngo-1979.

umshini Iyatholakala ngokushesha ezinguqulweni ezine. izinguqulo Hlukanisa abanalo UK, eJalimane, e-Italy naseSpain. ezithakazelisayo Ikakhulukazi Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imininingwane ye- ukukhululwa kwe-izindiza azitholakali endaweni eyodwa: lokhu bazibandakanye eziningana izindiza yokukhiqiza Consortium.

inkontileka kahulumeni

Asibhale yibo ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezibalulekile kakhulu fuselage futhi injini:

• Alenia Aeronautica. Kwenza ngemuva kunjalo, flaperons namaphiko kwesokunxele.

• BAE. It ligamanxa nomkhiqizi lokuqala emsebenzini wokukhiqiza izingxenye ezingemuva ingxenye izindiza waziphatha yokukhiqiza ngaphambili fuselage (nge PGO) gargrota, lantern. Futhi obangela tailplane.

• Eads Deutschland. Kwenza kwesigaba isikhungo, futhi iye esikhiqiza ngumgogodla emzimbeni.

• Eads CASA. Le nkampani inyathelisa slats, nephiko kwesokudla.

izici Major kwesakhiwo

Ngokuvamile, fighter "iSiphepho" yadalwa isekelwe ukusetshenziswa eziphambili kakhulu izindiza electronics kanye nemiklomelo. Abaklami baye kwafeza lukhulu ukuze wandise izici elawula, ngisho nalapho liyeza ukuzokulwa nathi ngaphansi engeli kakhulu.

Sidale indiza ngokuvumelana isikimu ezihilela ukusetshenziswa iphiko delta nge shanela ka 53 degrees. Slats futhi enezinto - Two-sigaba, canards eyenziwa rotary uhlobo, keel kanye isigwedlo - ngaphandle isimame. isikimu enjalo nje okufanayo futhi pretty abukhali ukwanda maneuverability indiza ukwehla ukumelana emoyeni ngesivinini leSupersonic.

Samolet- "Ongabonakali"

Ukuze wehlise ukubonakala radar umshini, onqenqemeni eziholayo phambi umsila senziwa elinama olubamba namagagasi omsakazo. Nakuba ngokusemthethweni walilwela "iSiphepho" ingeyona isigaba imishini esenziwe ngobuchwepheshe "ngobuqili" ekukhiqizeni kwakhona kabanzi ubuchwepheshe esetshenziswa futhi izinto ezingaba ukudamba ngempumelelo amagagasi omsakazo. Empeleni, lo msebenzi waphathiswa phambi Abaklami ekuqaleni: indlela yokwenza indiza ngaphezulu lubonakale kungaba ngaphambili kubafuni ukuthola yesimanje.

Yini eye yenziwa ukuze kufinyelelwe lo? Okokuqala, esiphezulu air eyanele zaminza zezindlu front end motors simaskwe amadivayisi ezikhethekile. Zonke nithela indiza ka emaphethelweni iphiko eziholayo umsila stabilizers wamboza ngosiko phambi impahla iyavuleka radar ngemisebe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumiswa yezikhali ezicitshwayo guided kakhulu ngendlela eduze kungenzeka emzimbeni, nakho kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba uwafihle esitheni radar ngemisebe.

Lapha kufanele kushiwo ukuthi njengamanje "iSiphepho" - a fighter-webhomu, multi-purpose, ngakho ukuqinisekisa lokungabonakali aso agcwele akunakwenzeka ngokomthetho (kodwa akudingekile ngakho).

Onjiniyela eyisisekelo

Cishe zonke izingxenye ezintsha futhi Alloys eziye izuzwe ezifana izinkomba okusezingeni eliphezulu lakhiwa onjiniyela Eads / DASA ukukhathazeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani efanayo ngomunye wabasunguli, bese Abenzi izingxenye eziningi ezibalulekile isakhi izindiza. Lezindawo zifaka cishe zonke onqenqemeni eziholayo womabili amaphiko, evele zangaphandle engaphakathi edonsa emoyeni, kanye nezinqolobane zommbila futhi izingxenye eduze nalokho.

Izinto eziyisisekelo eyayisetshenziswa ukwakhiwa

Abaningi izinto zokwakha, kanye ezivamile ze-aluminiyamu for zezindiza alikho ngempela. Ngakho, ezingaphezu kuka-40% we isisindo isamba airframe kuyinto CFRP. Inani lithium aluminium ingxubevange futhi kuziwa 20% kwi okumsulwa aluminium ingxubevange-akhawunti-18%. High-amandla impahla esekelwe titanium matasa 12% kanye ingilazi fibre-akhawunti-10%. indiza ebusweni uvala at 70% carbon fibre, 12% kukhona izinto esekelwe ingilazi fibre.

Mayelana 15% endaweni uwela phezu kwensimbi, nomunye 3% kukhona plastic okuhlala kakhulu futhi ezinye izinto zokwakha. By the way, phakathi kwazo zonke European ukulwa izindiza kakhulu ubuchwepheshe ngempela fighter "iSiphepho": 5% we esetshenziswa izixazululo lobuchwepheshe angakafakwa sikhishiwe, njengoba ukuthuthukiswa Imfihlo European isikhala ejensi.

Ngisho ngesikhathi ukuhlela sokuqala indiza isakhiwo isimo elele imigomo inkomba ukuthi isisindo ezingenalutho indiza ngeke sidlule 9999 amakhilogremu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa ikhipha ifakwe ekuklanyweni Alloys entsha esekelwe magnesium kanye ne-aluminium. Resource glider akuyona emahora langaphasi kulangu-anamathandathu amawaka. Ngakho, fighter "iSiphepho" kakhulu outperforms US F-35, okuyinto lesi sibalo uyahluka ayizinkulungwane 2-4 amahora.

Izimpawu timphawu tesakhiwo

Umzimba wenziwe semi monocoque isikimu. Kukhona impela invoyisi abanikeze asebenza nabo zempi, esivikela umshayeli kusukela ngabanye kusetshenziswa kakhulu izikhali ezincane umlilo. Kombhede - tselnoformovanny, kuqhathaniswa kude esivuna izindlu. Le isixazululo avunyelwe umshayeli ukuqinisekisa okuhle esiphezulu. Lokhu kuqakatheke khulu emoyeni ukulwa lanamuhla ikhuluma. Kulokhu, fighter "iSiphepho", okuyinto has a isithombe esihlokweni ingenye izimoto best of NATO.

Njengoba sishilo kakade, ekuklanyweni isikimu ke liye lasetshenziswa ukuze kubhekiselwe odnokilevym izimpaphe, okuyinto ngempela ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu lubonakale omkhulu air eyanele uhlelo ukushisa. Yonke iphiko isikhumba wenziwe onensika kakhulu carbon fibre. Nokho, kukhona ngaphandle nje kwento eyodwa. Sikhuluma izitsha kanye amasokisi baphambukile, okuyinto zitholakala enisemikhawulweni amaphiko. Yakhiwa aluminiyamu futhi lithium.

Le ndawo isamba isimame ovundlile kuyinto 2.40 m ^2. Ukuze ukukhiqizwa yayo nawo polymers engasindi (ikakhulukazi). Uma sikubeka kalula, fighter "iSiphepho" (isithombe ungabona kule material) kuyinto izindiza zobuchwepheshe, ogama ukukhiqiza akunakwenzeka ngaphandle base zezimboni onamandla.

chassis

kokwehla igiya - amathathu. Ziphethe Racks Unicycle. I engavamile ukuthi zokuqala ezimbili iye isiqondiso umzimba, kuyilapho phambi sisuswa phambili. Esinye isici engajwayelekile imishini ye-NATO - chassis ngokuphelele elungiselelwe kokufika kwi esinzima, zezindiza kabi lalungiswa. Kodwa kunenkinga. Ekuqaleni kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi ubude obuncane GDP zokutshala kuyoba ulingana amamitha angamakhulu amahlanu. Ngenxa yalesi inkomba, fighter "Eurofighter iSiphepho" kwakufanele babe ukusika-onqenqemeni.

Kodwa kakade ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa kuqala emkhakheni kwaba sobala ukuthi ezimweni ezinjalo kukhona okweqile enamandla amabhuleki, ngakhoke aphansi obuphelele kungenzeka senyuselwa 750 amamitha. Nokho, ezimweni ezibucayi, umshayeli angasebenzisa parachute ukubopha.

Engine Design, Ukucaciswa eziyisisekelo powerplant

Injini basungula emuva ngo-1983. Umsebenzi waqala kude aphume ndawo: ngesisekelo injini ethathwe indiza "Tornado". Nokho, kunobufakazi bokuthi sokuphehla amandla lathathwa-Rolls-Royce XG.40 imishini zokuhlola. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, ukuhlolwa ebhentshini izinyathelo zokwenza kuphela ngo-1988.

Umphumela waba ukuthuthukiswa kwe-EJ200. Lokhu dlula injini turbofan, isici okuyinto afterburner okukhulu. Ibubulo elenziwe ngesimbi izindwani zenziwa nge ukusetshenziswa ebanzi izinto monocrystalline zonke akwazi ukugcina oluqanjwe indlela powder UKWAKHA. isilawuli ngamandla uhlelo digital ngokugcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, motor ine uhlelo oluhlangene zokuxilonga. Cishe bonke ingxenye esimisiwe injini esakhiwe ngezinto oluyinhlanganisela. Ikamelo amandla omlilo uvikelekile bafake based Ukwakheka sobumba.

Lokhu ukunakekela imininingwane kwenza fighter "Eurofighter iSiphepho" omunye sikhuthazela eziningi zalezi zinsuku ukulwa izindiza. Ngakho, kusukela ngo-2010 sekuvele eqoqwe abangaphezu kuka-250 izinjini, umthombo ukuthi ekhuliswe ukuba amahora ayizinkulungwane 10.

Ukuqalwa emoyeni itholakala ngaphansi fuselage, wabuka yayo engaguquki. Izindonga ohlangothini aqondile, ephansi - lwalugobile. A ukwahlukanisa mpo, lesi sakhiwo sehlukaniswe iziteshi ezimbili, engxenyeni engezansi ngamunye wabo angaba baphambuke, ukuhlinzeka ukugeleza kangcono umoya ngaphansi unyathela amabhuleki esindayo.

Engine Imininingwane

Qaphela ukuthi ngisho esigabeni izindiza design, eJalimane, e-United Kingdom, eSpain nase-Italy aye yasayina isivumelwano lizwe eyisibambiso ngaphansi ukusebenza kuyo ndawonye ukuthuthukisa futhi ushintshe uhlelo ngamandla ngenxa Eurofighter iSiphepho. Isici esiyinhloko injini akuyona ngisho ukuqina kanye service empilweni yalo, kanye umklamo Modular. Le isixazululo ngokugqamile kuye kwanciphisa isikhathi adingekayo Ukudilizwa yayo, kuze imizuzu 45 kuya.

Injini has izici ezilandelayo:

• Thrust "ezomile" kuyinto 6120 kg.

• Reheat Inkomba value - 9097 kg.

• Kuncike evamile indiza petrol kuhluka 0,745 ukuze kg / ihora 0,813 kg.

• In the mode afterburner, le nkomba has a okuningi - kusukela kg 1.65 ukuze 1,72 / kg ngehora.

• I lokushisa amagesi esikhishwa ophephela ongafinyelela 1840 ° K.

• Isilinganiso komoya izinga 76 kg / s.

• The main ophephela ubukhulu - 740 mm.

• Ubude ingqikithi sokuphehla amandla - 4 amamitha.

• isisindo saso singamakhilogremu 989 kg.

• Resource izinguqulo ezindala - amahora ayizinkulungwane 6, kodwa izinjini zanamuhla kakade bangandiza 10,000 ..

• Isikhawu phakathi amasheke yenjini - amahora eziyinkulungwane ..

Yilokhu libhekene "iSiphepho" (fighter). indiza Amandla anjalo ukuthi ongafinyelela ngesivinini esiphezulu up 2 Mach, okuyinto ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 2.5 amakhilomitha ngehora.

fuel amasheya

Supply uphethiloli agcinwe fuselage futhi engxenyeni keel namaphiko kokuba achithayo ngonyaka amathangi ephezulu amandla izinto. Kungenzeka ukubeka ku hardpoints ithangi ezimbili nje spare kokuba namandla 1,500 amalitha futhi 1000 amalitha ngokulandelana. Kumele waphawula ikakhulukazi ukuthi i Abaklami abahlinzeke ithuba emoyeni refueling, ezahlukene ikakhulukazi okungaphezu nje kokuthi "iSiphepho" (fighter). Fighter aircraft lokhu model, usebenzisa zonke izinqolobane zikaphethiloli ingandiza acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezine amakhilomitha (eqinisweni - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-3200).

Flight Control System

I-Flight Management System quadruplex oluhambelana. Qaphela ukuthi akukho isiteshi mechanical eyisipele. Kuyinto ngenxa izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi electronic ukunikeza unenkululeko eliphakeme ngesivinini esiphezulu indiza, kanye ukuziphatha ngokuqiniseka lo izindiza ezimweni ezinjalo. Phambili Ufuna Pirate uhlelo nokushaya kwenhliziyo-Doppler esiteshini ECR90 bayingxenye isethi core izikhali.

Inertial navigation system. Ingabe indandatho laser Gyros, umshayeli ungasebenzisa ekhethekile amehlo inkomba, kanye nemishini, okuyinto ubikezela ngokuzenzakalelayo kuqala ukuhlasela isitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo olufanayo unomthwalo kwencazelo evasive aqondisa futhi izimoto kuhlasela isitha. Yiqiniso, electronics lingenza izincomo izinhlelo izikhali ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni DogFight.

Defense Systems futhi uhlelo ukuhlaselwa

Eqolo ukugxusha elekthronikhi dass uhlelo. isikhathi sayo eside ukwakha nezikhungo eziphambili eJalimane nase UK. Izinqubo uhlelo kanye nedatha Uhumusha ukuthi izindiza elamukelayo lusuka ku-laser kanye radar imishini. Kuyinto wemfanelo ukuba kukhululwe decoys nemithombo wenza umcimbi. Ilawula izindiza kanye nokuvikelwa yekwentiwa. Kubekwe iziqukathi nge imishini lundiza. I rangefinder laser umsebenzi target umqondo futhi eliseKissy esigabeni iphiko.

Qaphela ukuthi lokhu wokulwa isimiso, ayinakho yangaphakathi izikhali bay. Basuke sithathelwe indawo izingxenye suspensorial zangaphandle, okuyinto kakhulu lula ukuthola indiza isitha radar izinhlelo, kodwa kungaba ngokuphawulekayo nekwakheka kwelulwimi etimeni izikhali ezisetshenziswa.

Aqondena nale modeli fighter yakhelwe futhi wasebenzisa polukonformnye fuel amathangi.

izindiza Ubude uye suspensorial nantathu ifindo. Avame beka kuze kube rocket ezine "Skayflesh" (RAF) noma "Asp" (Italy Air Force). Ezibekwe kancane "ezishaywayo" isikhundla ngaphansi kwalesi sikebhe indiza. Futhi akuvumelekile ukubeka ezimbili ezincane guided ezicitshwayo ASRAAM noma AIM-9. Basuke ayelenga ISIZINDA ngaphansi kwamaphiko.

izindiza Ubude kungenziwa ezicitshwayo eziyishumi "emoyeni-air", kodwa kulokhu, isisindo azithathe-off imoto akumele leqe amathani 18. ezintathu ezihlukene ukumiswa iyunithi eyenzelwe uhlanganyela ezengeziwe fuel amathangi. Qaphela ukuthi multi-indima fighter "iSiphepho" iphinde ifakwe i othomathikhi inganono ubukhulu 27 mm, okusho ukwenza ngaphandle ukukhiqizwa ngokuqinile "Mauser".

ibhomu-umthwalo

Uma uhlela ukwenza isiteleka imisebenzi emhlabathini, hardpoints zangaphandle eziyisikhombisa angazamukela kuze kube 6.500 kg amabhomu, kanye ezicitshwayo okungenani eziyisithupha wayeqondiswa "umoya-to-air." I engaba ukulwa imisebenzi kungaba ukundlula ayizinkulungwane amakhilomitha. Ukuphakama owesincane mpi for fighter kubhekwa uphawu 325 metres, esiphezulu - ikhilomitha. Esigcwele kwezikhali Fighter Bomber "iSiphepho" (izithombe kuye khona kule material) angafeza combat ohambweni phakathi namahora amathathu nesigamu.

Distribution kwezimali zokukhiqiza

Ubude kuhlelwe sasizoveza imishini 620 zalolu hlobo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwakukhona States ezine ukuthi baye bazinikela ngokuzithandela ukuba iqhaza kuhlelo, indiza yahlukaniswa phakathi kwabo, ngokuhambisana amakhono akhona ukukhiqizwa.

Ngokwesibonelo, izimboni UK waqala ukuqoqa 232 'iSiphepho ", eqoqwe eJalimane, amayunithi 180, isabelo Italy got 121 izindiza. AbaseSpain, ngenxa yezimo abampofu ukukhiqizwa, waphathiswa ukuqoqa fighters 87 kuphela. Izindiza lokuqala zaqala ukutheleka ngo-2003. UK futhi ithole fighter aircraft yokuqala yale imodeli ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye zazo ngokushesha waqhubeka kumiswa 17 isigaba. It izindiza ihlolwe ngokucophelela. Okuxakayo ukuthi EU ngokusemthethweni indiza Air Force wathola kuphela 1 Julayi 2005. Batch lokuqala amayunithi 148 fighters ekhululwa, futhi bonke labo lisekhona enkonzweni.

Kakade 2002, uhulumeni wase-Austria eye wezwakalisa isithakazelo ekuzuzeni 18 izingcezu imishini, sifake ukukhiqizwa ngokushesha 2.55 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Kodwa-ke, ngo-June 2007 ngenxa crisis esondela, sekwentiwe sivumelwano elibuyekeziwe: ngokuhambisana nemibandela omusha, Austrians wafuna ukuthola ezingaphezu kuka-15 izindiza, futhi ngaphezulu "iphele" ukumisa. Kuze kube manje, izivumelwano ezifanayo isayinwe United Arab Emirates futhi has amakhasimende eduze. Kubikwa ukuthi EU kufanele ubeke izitshalo kuwo ngokushesha 707 fighters.

Isivumelwano ukuqala ukukhiqizwa batch yesibili esayinwe Disemba 14, 2004. I tranche lokuqala izindiza wathatha emoyeni ngo-2008. Ngalinye multi-indima fighter "iSiphepho" (imishini photo, esihlokweni) kuhambisana ngabakhiqizi egcwele udaba kuze kube sekupheleni sewaranti.

umehluko phakathi izinguqulo

Ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izindiza kwalesi imodeli izosetshenziswa kuphela elwa izindiza isitha. Kodwa ngemva kokuba luqalile umkhankaso e-Afghanistan,; yikho abaqala ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa nokucindezela phansi amatshe. By endleleni, uma walilwela, babenze "iSiphepho" ngokumelene MIG? Asinakukwenza lokho. Yebo, e-Afghanistan umshini Soviet kungaba, kodwa lokho nje leso sikhathi kwase umshayeli olulodwa, owayenganikela phakamisa emoyeni.

imishini Ithuthukele kakade 2008 ngokufanelekile lungase lubizwe ngokuthi fighters multi-indima. Ba ungabahlukanisa ngu isifinyezo FGR4 (uma isihloko, i-T3, phambi kwakho - inguqulo double indiza). Ngaphambi ukuguqulwa entsha zonke etholakalayo "iSiphepho" abangu ethuthukisiwe ngaphambi kokuphela 2012. Fighter "iSiphepho 5" okwamanje isakhiwa ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele. Izici it is ayikaziwa.

Kube khona kwenta ncono kuholele nokwanda okuphawulekayo gear kokwehla, isethi entsha ngokuphelele Avionics, kuhlanganise ngcono Avionics uhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona abangu kakhulu sithuthukiswe "umoya-phansi" lwesistimu izikhali esiye nje isuke ibangelwa isidingo ukukhishwa wokuba kuhlaselwe indiza indiza nemisebenzi. Okwamanje, izingxoxo ziyaqhubeka ukusungulwa kwesizukulwane sesithathu fighters. Ukuze nabo EU unezinto ezinkulu: kubhekwa ukuthi e-UK kuphela kumele okungenani ibe 170 "iSiphepho" ngo-2030.

Le nguqulo wesithathu izindiza uzoba conformal ngokugcwele fuel amathangi, waphinda, uzobe ngokuphelele esikhundleni sayo kwafakwa uHlelo on-ebhodini electronics. Okubaluleke kakhulu, indiza fighter ukuba ifakwe ngamandla uhlelo elinamandla kakhulu, futhi radar asebenzayo afanayo ikhishiwe lukamakhalekhukhwini.

Kodwa okuthakazelisa kakhulu kuyinto ukuguqulwa "iSiphepho", eyenzelwe RAF (fighter "Isishingishane MK 1"). Kulesi samuntu, indiza yaba entsha ngokuphelele izinhlelo izinjongo isiqondiso kanye laser uhla uzitholele kusuke eziye ngokukhethekile akhiwa inkampani ukuzivikela Israeli Rafael. Kakhulu ngcono futhi ibhomu kwezikhali. Ngakho, uma nje khona amabhomu guided enesisindo 450 kilograms. Bakha i-American corporation Raytheon. Nabo banethuba wokubonisa ugodo laser, kanye GPS-ukulungiswa uhlelo.

uchungechunge Aircraft yesithathu neyesine tentatively kufanele iye inkonzo lamazwe ilungu inkontileka, futhi abanye abathengi ongakayisebenzisi 2017. Kusolwa ukuthi fighter "iSiphepho" isizukulwane 5th kumele bacale kutfutfukisa cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo.