Esifundeni Minerals eMoscow. Mining and Ukumba (esifundeni eMoscow)

Geology, nesimo sendawo kanye nemithombo yemvelo esifundeni laseMoscow zisekelwe yokuthi ukuma eyisisekelo endaweni kwakheka isigaba neotectonic. EMoscow noma izakhi zalo impumuzo iyunifomu. Esikhathini enyakatho-ntshonalanga kanti enyakatho ubuswa a asike izidumbu zabantu ezinkulu, mayelana nendlela Urals eningizimu, kuyilapho eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-sibalo, imifula kuthiwa kancane "wafaka" esigodini isicaba.

Esifundeni Moscow kusukela eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga welula onqenqemeni esisempumalanga Oka-Moscow upland, okuyinto bese sidluliselwe eMoscow-Oka nakangaka (nge angomakhelwane Teplostanskoy kokuphakama) kanye Klin-Dmitrov Ridge. Impumuzo is okungcono emelelwa sezwe elinamagquma, wedlula ku ayimigodi. Iphuzu esiphezulu esifundeni Moscow akuyona kude Mozhaisk Reservoir futhi ukuphakama kwalo kuyinto 310 metres.

Village iphindwa isakhiwo komhlaba

Moscow sendawo yayo ihlobene eduze isakhiwo zomhlaba. Lapha kukhona endaweni iconsi kusukela eningizimu-mpumalanga esiqondisweni ntshonalanga, ngokuphinda Dynamics izingqimba Geological esuke cishe nendawo futhi okungezona ezakho yesigaba izakhiwo zomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, esifundeni eMoscow libhekisela emathafeni, okuyinto abe okungenzeka ezincane nesenzakalo lokuzamazama komhlaba.

Breed esifundeni sakhiwa ngokuyinhloko anesihlabathi esinemibala futhi Clays

Yini ezimweni ezinjalo angaba ngayo kwakhiwa amaminerali? Impumuzo insimu ka esifundeni eMoscow kubonisa ukuthi le ndawo cishe ngokuphelele ngaphansi yeqhwa mashumi Ice Age. Kulokhu, ngokubukisa okukhulu kwendawo iqhwa gone eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 70-100 edlule, futhi kusukela enyakatho-ntshonalanga nesifunda - iminyaka eyinkulungwane 10 kuphela edlule. Isifunda "ayelingana" ngokwengxenye esizeni koqweqwe lasendulo (inkathi Archean-Proterozoic), kanye yesikhulumi ngokwayo has a isakhiwo ezimbili ungqimba. Isendlalelo phansi, "isisekelo", siqukethe gneiss, granites, migmatites.

Ngenhla kuye «ikhava», okuyinto ifinyelela ukubaluleka kusuka 1 kuya ku-3 km, futhi ungqimba aphansi isakhi ngiphelile, Clays obukhulu, silts, ngokwesilinganiso, phezu izigidi zeminyaka - kusukela limestone, ubumba, dolomite, phezulu - ka inhlabathi clastic, emelelwa Sands futhi Clays.

Isizinda amaminerali: nesifunda eMoscow - hhayi indawo abacebe

Moscow yaziwa ukuthi azikho idiphozithi yanoma ezinye izinhlelo umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, kusukela enkathini Paleozoic wathola ezifakwa kuphela eCambria, Devonian nesikhathi Carboniferous kwenkathi Mesozoic kunobufakazi Jurassic futhi Cretaceous, kuyilapho imikhondo Triassic cha, kodwa kayonozoe athole izinsalela Paleogene (Neogene kanye neziNhlangano eziNgekho ngaPhansi kukaHulumeni samanje). Ngakho-ke, amaminerali esifundeni laseMoscow akukwazi ocebile futhi ezihlukahlukene kusukela iphuzu Geological umbono. Nokho, baye likhishwe ngempumelelo.

Peat igodla imikhondo

Ubude esifundeni zikhona izindawo mayelana emakhulu asibhozo lapho "ekuqongeleleni nangenkathi esidlule" aba ukubuyiswa kwamanzi futhi lusetshenziswe. Endaweni yokuqala (ukusetshenziswa futhi alondoloza) - a Turf, ensimini inombolo kabani ingqikithi cishe 1700 Kutholwe ikakhulukazi Dmitrovsky futhi Mytischinsky endaweni eduze Mytischi. Peat sisetshenziselwa izinto ezivuthayo kwakhiwa okuyinto exhaphozini moss izinsalela nemibandela (okungukuthi lapho "ewusizo" elisezansi eMoscow). Izitshalo zinokuphila okunempilo ezimweni waterlogging kungukuthi ukubola ngokuphelele ukunikeza nengxenye izidakamizwa ehlanganisa carbon, okuyinto eyenza ukubaluleka calorific 24 MJ kilogram per lingasetshenziswa njengo manyolo, nezinye ukwahlukanisa.

ezimbiwa phansi okunjalo okuwusizo eMoscow Region njengoba Peat, ekhiqizwa izindlela ikakhulukazi Milling (corrugations bafa parallel phansi futhi engavikelekile omiswe). Enye indlela - Excavator - kuyinto ezingavamile kakhulu. IRussia zigcine ngobukhulu Peat bogs (150 mln. Amathani), okuyinto, ngaphezu kwalokho, angase kuvuselelwe (abangaba yizigidi ezingu-260. Amathani ngonyaka), ngakho umkhakha has umbono othile.

Sand for ukwakhiwa

Okunye namaminerali esifundeni laseMoscow - kuyinto isihlabathi (amatshe nesihlabathi izinto), ngaphandle kwalokho, ngeke enze noma iyiphi inqubo ukwakhiwa. Izinsalela izinto esifundeni eMoscow ekhishwe imigodi zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa ukuthela noma ikhukhulwe emfuleni yesihlabathi eliphezulu isihlabathi inkwali ngefomu okumsulwa. Lesi sakamuva iqukethe ukungcola eziningi ngesimo organic, ubumba, uthuli, asebenza ngebhethri okusanhlamvu, Ngakho-ke isetshenziswa ukuba kwakhiwe umgwaqo, njll wageza umfula isihlabathi nge izingxenye ezimbalwa nezingahlobene nendaba asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni ngokhonkolo, izitini, ngoba Izingxube elisetshenziswa kokuphothula umsebenzi, njll ..

izinto zokusetshenziswa for ephezulu yokukhanya

Minerals eMoscow Isifunda sinezindawo futhi okuthiwa "ingilazi isihlabathi" (e-enyakatho Lyubertsy wesifunda). It is baphawula esengeziwe Silica (Silica) evumela ukukhiqiza ephezulu msulwa ingilazi, kuhlanganise optical. Glass Sands kukhona ngokwanele ezingavamile Isenzakalo esingokwemvelo, Nokho feedstock ibhalwe ngu ekwandiseni ngokuvamile izinto ezingaphezu elula (ukuwasha, ukuzithumela kwezinye izindawo nokufa, ngokwahlukana kagesi).

Little yensimbi, titanium futhi lignite

Minerals esifundeni laseMoscow, okuyinto uhlu encane, zihlanganisa ezifakwa elincane nsimbi futhi titanium (Serebryanoprudsky futhi Serpukhov wesifunda). Ore uvezwa lapha ikakhulu "bog yensimbi ', okuyinto lamiswa ngo-emaphethelweni amaxhaphozi lasendulo noma floodplains. Lapha, ekujuleni ubumba okunothe namanzi stagnated bedle yensimbi yaphenduka interlayers ukujiya kusukela ngamasentimitha ambalwa kuze imitha, okuyinto namuhla kungaba ukukhishwa futhi kusetshenzwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, emaxhaphozini lasendulo, lapho izihlahla nezitshalo Peat ukwakha sesibolile bakha ezinye zigcine ansundu, kodwa ezincane, abanalo value commercial futhi okwamanje athuthukile. Nakuba lignite nayo impahla ezivuthayo iqukethe amaphesenti angu-70 we-carbon kungaba impahla eluhlaza for the umkhakha zamakhemikhali.

Clay eMoscow eziningi, futhi kuhlukile

Enye amaminerali isisetshenziswa ezivamile esifundeni Moscow - kuyinto ubumba. Kuyinto isitini (etholakala cishe yonke indawo edolobheni) kanye refractory (atholakala ngokuyinhloko empumalanga). Samuntu yokuqala engowenhlabathi ubumba idwala inhomogeneous e amakhemikhali ukwakheka kanye ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana, kokuba nokubumbana okusezingeni eliphezulu, tackiness, ukuvuvukala emanzini, ikhono ukuthatha yiluphi uhlobo futhi sikugcine emva kokwelashwa ukushisa. Izinto ezinjalo senze izitini, ama-tile, udonga panel, ukhonkolo block, njll .., Basuke ukungezwa ukhonkolo, esetshenziswa njengoba agqoke impahla emadamini. amasampula variegated Clays ferruginous ingasetshenziswa kukhishwe zombala amaminerali lokulungiselela okwalandela upende. ezifakwa elikhulu lezi izinto zokusetshenziswa ayatholakala Ascension, Zarajsky, Domodedovo wesifunda, nabanye.

Fossils ukuthi kungaba esingenantengo

Minerals esifundeni laseMoscow kanye processing zabo ukuvumela ukwenza izinto lwentando Russia. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko Gzhel zobumba ubumba imali, zazo usebenza zobumba ne ayibe Umdwebo on isizinda emhlophe. Gzhel umsebenzi, ngaphezu multi anemibala zobumba ubumba, baziwa kakhulu ngokuba e amagobolondo belemnite, abantwana bakwa-Amoni, no-limestone, lapho kukhona brachiopods, crinoids yasendulo, amakhorali encane.

Lapha kukhona Silicon sakudala umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye phakathi shades eziningi ushokoledi ensundu, esondela izinga chalcedony, geodes enhle asebenza ngebhethri fake crystalline, chalcedony. Lezi zici kungukuthi ekhishwe ngezinga elikhulu, nakuba ezinye indlela namaminerali nesifunda eMoscow. Kodwa izindleko amasampula, ngisho izingxenye ezincane kwezinye izimo kungase kube eningi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iphuzu esingenantengo bemivubukulo umbono.

amathambo oMdala mollusk - ukwakhiwa wanamuhla!

EMoscow esifundeni okungukuthi namanje ocebile? Mineral ezifakwa eyayibhalwe ikilasi elalisanda kuthola "izinto zokusetshenziswa carbonate" ivezwa kahle. Lezi ngokuyinhloko zihlanganisa limestone esakha ngenxa izinqubo ezenzeka kwezilwandle lasendulo, lapho kade ekhona kule ndawo Moscow. Khona-ke, njengoba kulindeleke, yaba imvelo yasolwandle lokushisa ethile (mayelana 25 degrees) kanye usawoti (35 promille) iphinde ithuthukiswe ke sebuningini coral. Kodwa izinguquko isimo umcengezi zasolwandle zaholela ekufeni eziphilayo, kusukela okwakukhona zangaphandle calcareous skeleton. Nguye Wawugujelwani enamandla multimeter ezifakwa limestone, okuyinto limbiwa Shchelkovo, ngaphansi s. .. Gorodnov, d Intaba ku Pirochinskom ensimini, Popov entabeni, njll Indaba isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukwakhiwa, ukukhiqizwa ukhonkolo, ukuthola lime - ingxenye isibopho, okufana esihle ingasetshenziswa ebaziwe.

Minerals eMoscow Region akuyona zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa lungasetshenziswa bedoba, futhi ukuze kwakhiwe, ngisho womshini ubucwebe. Engxenyeni eziningi abekho-non-evuselelekayo, ngakho kufanele kudliwe kancane futhi ekhishwe nge sakugcina imiphumela emibi emvelweni.