Enterovirus ezinganeni: Izimpawu kanye Ukwelashwa

Pheshana emathunjini wengane anezinye umehluko kusuka ohlelweni emathunjini womuntu omdala. He is zisamukele kakhudlwana izingxenye ezintsha ukudla. Ngo izingane, emathunjini amasosha omzimba sekwakhiwe kuze kube sekupheleni, ukuze umzimba kakhulu sensitive ezihlukahlukene amagciwane.

Lapho nginezinsuku ungabhekana ezimbili ukwahlukahlukana ubunjalo esithathelanayo Izifo eziphatha amathumbu uhlelo emathunjini. It Rotavirus futhi enterovirus ukutheleleka. Kugcine ezinganeni landile futhi kungaholela umonakalo ongalungiseki ephahlwe i umzimba beya ngaphandle ukwelashwa okufanelekile. Kuvamisile isiqongo ngokuvamile ewela entwasahlobo and ekwindla period. Kuyini enterovirus ezahlukene izingane? Izimpawu izithombe seziguli ezisencane, kanye enemininingwane ukwelashwa lwemithi ethulwa mathiriyeli lo sihloko.

Kuyini isifo enterovirus?

Lo mqondo ihlanganisa eziningi izifo, okuyinto imithombo enteroviruses. Kungenjalo, bebizwa emathunjini. Okwamanje, engaphezu kwengu-60 zinhlobo wafunda yalezi Amagciwane. Kuye serotype, bahlukene zibe 4 amaqembu: amagciwane EZENANELA, coxsackie, polioviruses futhi enteroviruses.

Ill nge omunye serotypes wengane can kanye kuphela endaweni esaphila. Ngemva ukwelashwa, uveza amasosha omzimba enamandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, angabenza omunye enterovirus. ezihlukahlukene okunjalo kwamagciwane ivumela nje kuphela ososayensi ukudala i Umuthi ophumelelayo wokugoma.

Yeka indlela okuyingozi entorovirus izingane? Ukubaluleka ukutheleleka Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Kubasunguli kwakhona kakhulu ukumelana nolaka iziphi izici zangaphandle. Abakwazi khona isikhathi eside endaweni inhlabathi ezimanzi namanzi, bese ufaka umzimba womuntu ngokudla kungangcoli.

Ekuqaleni kuka-2008, umqedazwe emikhulu phakathi izingane sabhalwa ngo China. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo sokucasuka EV71 igciwane. Lingena emzimbeni womuntu ngokusebenzisa ipheshana zokuphefumula kanye ulwelwesi lwamafinyila yaleli pheshana wokugaya ukudla. Uma it embula kulo lonke uhlelo umzimba kwegazi, ezithinta emaphashini kanye nobuchopho. Lesifo kubonakele ku-15 000, 20 washona. It waphinda kufakazela ukuthi enteroviruses ezinganeni nakubantu abadala badinga ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi futhi ephelele.

Izimbangela ukutheleleka

Lesifo ikhulela kusebenze amaqembu amagciwane emathunjini, okuyizinto imbangela yezimpawu zesifo esithile. Ahluke eziningi ezijayelekileko. Emongweni umnyombo igciwane ngamunye imelelwa nucleic acid-molecule. Kwezinye izimo, Senza indima ye-DNA nezinye - RNA. Ngaphandle isakhiwo sangaphakathi sizungezwe capsule ukuthi ine ezinye izici. Kuye ukucushwa kwe izakhi igobolondo, amagciwane oluthathwa zibe subtypes ezahlukene.

Enterovirus lingena singene emzimbeni by ephefumula umoya noma ngomlomo ngenkathi bedla. Ngemva kwalokhu lwegciwane ayahamba aye-lymph, lapho luhlala nekucala wande. Ukuthuthukiswa Its eminye, kanye kobukhulu ukutheleleka kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana:

• the virulence igciwane (ikhono simelane amasosha omzimba omzimba);
• tropism (ikhono ukutheleleka lwegciwane kuthinta izitho zangaphakathi);
• ngokuqondile isimo izivikeli mzimba.

Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni ihlala kakhulu? Enterovirus ezinganeni kungenzeka ukukhombisa izimpawu kwangaphandle 1 kuya 12 days. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni izinsuku ezinhlanu. isethulo Clinical kuncike isifo esithile ngokuqondile serotype lwegciwane. Enterovirus ngokuvamile isebenze entwasahlobo and ekwindla. Ngezinye izikhathi, tigameko lingaphansi kakhulu.

ukudluliswa endleleni

I enterovirus lungathunyelwa kusuka umuntu ogulayo ukuba izindlela eziningana enempilo: kukhanyisa amaconsi sisemoyeni, umzila fecal-temlomo, contact. Mshini yesifo elinesimo ukwehluka okukhulu. Enterovirus izingane ngobulili ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa amanzi iluhlaza noma amathoyizi. Amagciwane isifo isikhathi eside kungase kube isimo iphila e indle, inhlabathi, futhi amanzi. Ngisho inqubo umnkantsha akubulali kubo. I lwegciwane ubulawa isenzo izibulali-magciwane kuphela uma sibhekisiswe kahle phakathi kwenqubo.

Enterovirus e izingane ezingaphansi konyaka unezizathu afanayo nesenzakalo. Nokho, izingane abenza ibele ngoba serotypes kakhulu has amasosha omzimba isegazini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Ingane ingacosha ukutheleleka ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuza ubisi lwebele.

emitholampilo isithombe

Isinyathelo bayashintshana ekufukameleni inkathi ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu. Ngalesi sikhathi, amagciwane abizwa imali kwi nolwelwesi lwamafinyila bese ufaka uhlelo lymph, lapho aqala ukuba ngenkuthalo ziyanda.

Khona-ke kulandela ushiya ngokuqondile sifo. Izimpawu enterovirus e izingane ziqala ukubonisa waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi lokushisa lapho ifinyelela sikhathi esibucayi futhi agcinwe izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ingane uhamba kancane iphinde ilale eziningi. emva kokutheleleka Izinsuku zokuqala ingaphinda ephelezelwa ukuhlanza ezinzima futhi ikhanda. Uma izinga lokushisa evamile, konke izimpawu ezihlobene.

Ngezinye izikhathi izingane ziye zingavuvukalanga lymph node, ikakhulukazi wesibeletho submandibular. Olunye uphawu kuba ukuqubuka. Ukuqubuka avele kanyekanye ekhanda, esifubeni kanye izingalo. Sinenkosi uhlobo izindawo abomvu. Ngemva zinyamalala zomzimba ziyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela izimpawu ezincane esikhunjeni, kuthiwa ngokwabo kokudabula kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Amandla isithombe emtholampilo kuncike isimo amasosha omzimba wengane wathola "ingxenye" igciwane, futhi ezinye izici zazo.

ifomu evamile enterovirus ukutheleleka

Ulwazi ngezigaba oluphelele ngokuvamile akudingeki. Abazali kufanele bakwazi ukuqaphela ifomu evamile enterovirus ukutheleleka, ukuba ngesikhathi esifanele ukuhlonza zokugula kanye nodokotela.

1. Herpangina. Lokhu kubonakaliswa kuyoboniswa nguMbusi catarrhal ka enterovirus. Herpangina ngokuvamile kwenzeka izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka emithathu eyishumi. zako ezisemqoka ezisetshenzisiwe imfiva, umphimbo obuhlungu futhi vesicles phezu udonga lwangemuva pharynx. I Bubbles ziyaqhuma ifomu izilonda. I Amagciwane main ezibhekwa Coxsackie amagciwane A no B.
2. Ukuqubuka. Lona omunye izibonelo ezivamile, ungakwazi kanjani sibonakalise enterovirus. Ezinganeni, ukuqubuka has izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene: krasnouhopodobny futhi roseolous. Ukuqubuka zingavela ngosuku lokuqala noma lwesibili emva kokutheleleka. Izintaba-mlilo ziqhume zenzeka ebusweni, umzimba kanye athathe isimo izindawo elincane elibomvu. Ngezinye izikhathi uhlangane nomunye. Ngokumelene okwenza walokho okubomvu ukuqubuka futhi oluhambisana izakhi ingavela. Enterovirus exanthema bethambekele ekubeni izingane cishe iminyaka engaba yisithupha.
3. emuva kokutshengisa izimpawu zomkhuhlane. Le ndlela enterovirus ukutheleleka libhekene izimpawu ejwayelekile Umkhuhlane noma SARS. Izingane waphawula catarrhal imihlola (amakhala yisisu, ukuvuvukala, ukuminyana acinene), imfiva, ubuthakathaka, imisipha ubuhlungu. Ejwayelekile ngoba lesi sifo izimpawu ukuthi lihlukaniswe umkhuhlane abavamile, ungakhetha esihlalweni ecasukile nokuhlanza.
4. ifomu emathunjini. Lona omunye okufana eyingozi kakhulu enterovirus ukutheleleka. Ehamba ukwanda alinganiselayo lokushisa, uhudo lwamanzi, ukuvuvukala kanye ukubuyisa. Ingozi main yefomu emathunjini ubhekwa amathuba okusezingeni eliphezulu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, okwenza kube nzima ukuba bayasho nesineke kancane. Lesi sifo kudinga ukuqapha njalo odokotela kanye egunjini labadinga usizo oluphuthumayo.

Zonke izinhlobo izifo singenzeka kwi ejwayelekile / atypical isithombe emtholampilo. Kuye uhlobo udokotela zokugula ekhetha kunokwelapha enterovirus ezinganeni.

amafomu ezingavamile ukutheleleka

Kwezinye izimo, enterovirus ukutheleleka elinesimo Yiqiniso kuyinkimbinkimbi. Liphinde labizwa ngokuthi ejwayelekile, kodwa kuhlanganiswe. iziguli abasebasha zidinga ukwelashwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

1. conjunctivitis oluhambisana. Lokhu kungolunye uhlobo lalivamile ka enterovirus ukutheleleka. izimpawu wakhe uqale nge nobuhlungu obukhulu iso, ukulahlekelwa esinqunyiwe umbono kanye lacrimation anda. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona nokopha kwe-retina.
2. Myocarditis / pericarditis. Lapho lesi sifo ngokuyinhloko kuthinta izakhiwo ezithile inhliziyo. Against ngemuva yokulimala esivimba amanzi kwaphazamisa umsebenzi contractile kwemisipha eyinhloko emzimbeni. Ukuzibandakanya we pericardium libhekene ushintsho kwegazi inqubo.
3. Meningitis encephalitis. Lona kunzima kakhulu futhi ibe yingozi ngesikhathi amafomu esifanayo enterovirus ukutheleleka. Bathoma nokwanda lokushisa ezingeni 40 degrees. Ngakusasa kukhona ikhanda babulawa, ukuhlanza ezinzima ukuthi ongakaphathelani ukudla. izimpawu ezivamile zinobukhulu ubuhlungu besisu, cramping, oluhambisana ngamawala.

ezahlukeneyo atypical zinezikhathi ukutheleleka asymptomatic nemisinga kufihlwe. Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Clinical kungenzeka kuphela uma yezinkinga sobala.

Enterovirus ukutheleleka izingane libhekene imisinga ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi ukubona udokotela ngenjongo edlulisa luhlolo zokuxilonga. Kusenza sikwazi ukuzwa ukuthi ukuhlukanisa amagciwane nezifo zokuphefumula ezivamile, ngobuthi nezinkinga dermatological.

ngihlolwa

Izimpawu enterovirus ukutheleleka e seziguli ezisencane ngokuvamile sibonakalise meningitis serous futhi herpes angina. Iqembu nokuqubuka ngokuvamile ilungiswe izikhungo pre-school Ngezikhathi zasehlobo. Mshini eyinhloko ukudluliswa kuyinto fecal-ngomlomo.

Siye ubesemtshelile yini izimpawu libhekene enterovirus. Izithombe (izingane) ezihlukahlukene ukubonakaliswa yayo ingatholakala kwimithombo ezikhethekile. Basiza ukuqaphela ukugula futhi bafune iseluleko wezokwelapha. Okwamanje, kukhona izindlela ezine eziyisisekelo ukuthola lwegciwane lengculaza:

• Serological (ukuthola igciwane egazini serum). Ngu izimpawu zesifo kukhona Iga futhi Igm. Kubalulekile futhi ukuze kuhlonzwe kubhekwa ukwandisa titer 4-nesibaya amagugu.
• Virological (ukuzimisela ejenti ezithathelwanayo ngo i-cerebrospinal fluid, indle, igazi). I indle bahlolelwa emasontweni amabili edlule.
• Immunohistochemical (ukuthola antigen egazini enterovirus).
• izindlela begazi Yamamolekhula (Isifundo enterovirus RNA izingcezwana).

Ikakhulukazi ukunakwa odokotela ukukhokha umehluko ukuxilongwa. Enterovirus izingane esifika ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa kusukela herpes, SARS, nokungezwani komzimba nezinto. Udinga ukuhlola nokuzwela isenzo izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane. Nge lanamuhla eliphezulu microbiology ukuhlola akusho pose noma ibuphi ubunzima. Nge ukuthola ngesikhathi esifanele lesi sifo kungaba umthombo ikhambi iyashesha ingane zanoma iyiphi iminyaka.

ukwelashwa

Indlela esiphatha ngayo enterovirus ezinganeni? Lokho impikiswano eyaphakanyiswa abazali abaningi, ukuzwa uphethwe. Ngo isifo kancane ezinzima kungase kube isiguli kancane ukuhlala ekhaya. I izinkomba for esibhedlela ngokushesha kukhona kwale mibandela elandelayo: CNS, inhliziyo, imfiva.

imithi yesimanje ayikwazi ukunikeza ithuluzi elilodwa jikelele ezifweni. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka acute iziguli kancane ukuncoma embhedeni ukuphumula, ukudla enezivikelo eziqinile futhi ephuza nangokuphuza uketshezi oluningi. Izingane enterovirus uswidi?

Uma lesi sifo kuhambisana imfiva, ikhanda kanye ubuhlungu bemisipha, kubhekwe analgesics ezifanele futhi antipyretics ( "Nurofen", "paracetamol"). Uhudo anikeze isiguli imithi kujwayeleke ibhalansi amanzi-usawoti ( "Regidron"). Imithi elwa namagciwane asetshenziswa kuphela uma kwenzeka wokukhushulwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Ukuze asize umzimba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo enterovirus, interferon izingane enqunyiwe ( "Viferon", "TSikloferon", "Neovir"). Bangabakhe isigaba ejenti non-ethize namagciwane ukuthi zivimbela ukuphindwaphindwa amagciwane futhi ashukumise izivikeli mzimba.

Ukwelashwa kufanele udokotela emva luhlolo olunzulu isiguli encane. Kuphela onguchwepheshe lingabizwa ukuqaphela izimpawu futhi enterovirus okusolwayo. Ukutheleleka ezinganeni uvame ukuhambisana izilonda isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, amehlo, nezinso. Kulokhu, ingane, ngaphezu yokwelapha izidakamizwa oboniswa kokuqondisa udokotela izinyanga eziningana. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuthathe iminyaka eminingana.

Izeluleko umsoco

Ukudla enteroviruses ezinganeni linendima ebalulekile, ngoba umsebenzi ipheshana yesisu siphukile. Endaweni yokuqala isikisela isiphuzo mningi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ezivamile ze-non-carbonated inqwaba kuyasiza ukhiphe ubuthi emzimbeni, yilona zokuvimbela amanzi emzimbeni.

Kusukela Ukudla ukubekela eceleni nodokotela bezingane ukuncoma izitsha eyosiwe ngibhema, zonke amaswidi namakhekhe. Kubalulekile ukuthi ubeke umkhawulo ukusetshenziswa lonke ubisi, ibhotela, amaqanda. Ukuvinjelwa nazo ziwe umhluzi, amantongomane, ubhontshisi kanye nesinkwa. Ukudla kufanele steamed noma wabhaka kuhhavini.

Yini udla? Ukudla kufanele libe nezithelo nemifino eminingi, ukushisa ngayo. imikhiqizo yobisi elibilile avunyelwe (biokefir, ephansi fat cottage shizi). Ungakwazi udle inyama ebomvu, inhlanzi. Ingane yabo ozuzayo endaweni phansi noma ngisho shabby. Ngokuvamile, ukudla kufanele kube wamaqhuzu. Kunconywe ukudla njalo kodwa izingxenye ezincane. Uma ingane enqaba ukudla, akufanele ophoqelelwe noma amandla-feed.

Okufanele ukwenze lapho sohudo acute kuhambisana enterovirus? Ukwelashwa kwezingane abasesikoleni kulokhu isikisela ukuthi okuthiwa misa isikhashana elambile. Kuyasiza ukweqa elilodwa noma amabili ukudla. misa isikhashana Hungry ezinsaneni ayivunyelwe. Khona-ke iziguli ezincane inikezwa Ukudla okuqinile.

Ngosuku lokuqala nawe ungadla iphalishi phezu kwamanzi kanye apula kubhakwa. Nge ngcono isimo jikelele ingane ekudleni kumele yethulwe imikhiqizo yobisi, zemifino isobho. Okungenani ukuxazululwa izitsha inyama kanye nenhlanzi.

Izinkinga of enterovirus ukutheleleka

Enteroviruses ezinganeni izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa okuye ngaphambilini kuchazwe, akwazi ukungena zonke kwezitho nezicubu. Lokhu kuwachaza kahle inani elikhulu zako. Ezimweni eziningi, ingane ilawula usinde isifo ngaphandle eziyingozi empilweni yakho. Ngenxa obuthaka izivikeli mzimba noma khona comorbidities imiphumela emibi ongaba namanje. Ngokuvamile, odokotela ukuxilonga meningitis encephalitis.

Lezi zifo kuthinte ingqondo isiguli kancane, okungaholela yisithuthwane ngokulandelana kwawo, ukukhubazeka noma ukufa. amacala ukubusa igciwane yesibili futhi aziwayo ukuthi zidinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Abashona ngokuvamile zibangelwa acute esingamahlalakhona senhliziyo ebuthaka noma yamaphaphu. Uma ucwaningo olunzulu kuqinisekisa Enterovirus, ukwelashwa izingane kufanele ubeke wezingane. Umzamo izithathe ukuze ixazulule leyo isifo akuvunyelwe nakancane. Abazali kungase kufake impilo umonakalo womntwana ungalungiseki.

izindlela zokuvimbela

Specific enterovirus zokuvimbela akuyona enzelwe izingane. Nokho, imiphumela emihle ukukhombisa inoculations uvendle kanye meningococcemia. Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, manje kuyafakwa lokugoma ngokumelene Amagciwane ezivame kakhulu enterovirus ukutheleleka. Nokho, zokuvimbela enjalo akusona isiqinisekiso esiphelele ezininginingi ngenxa amagciwane. Ucwaningo zokwelapha empikiswaneni ziqhubeka.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka umuntu itheleleke umndeni wengane, kufanele ngci. Kuyadingeka ukuba pholisa igumbi kaningi, yokuhlanza ezimanzi nsuku zonke nge izibulali-magciwane. zokuvimbela Nonspecific izitshela ukuthi imithetho eyisisekelo inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, ukusetshenziswa interferon ( "Laferon", "Nazoferon", "Viferon").

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi umehluko phakathi enterovirus phakathi izingane. Izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo, okuyinto ethatha njengoba umthombo pathogen kudinga indlela abanekhono phezu ingxenye ochwepheshe. Uma ungenalo silahle Ukuvakashela udokotela olungavimba nesenzakalo yezinkinga ezisongela ukuphila. Hlala uphilile!